CN107449936B - Device for measuring fish wake vortex field by PIV technology and drawing method thereof - Google Patents
Device for measuring fish wake vortex field by PIV technology and drawing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for measuring fish wake vortex field by PIV technology and a drawing method thereof, comprising a flow field real-time measuring system, wherein the flow field real-time measuring system comprises a track, an experimental glass cylinder is arranged on the track, hollow glass bead particles for tracking are arranged in the experimental glass cylinder, a tripod is arranged at the side of the experimental glass cylinder, a high-speed camera is arranged at the top of the tripod, a first small track shifter and a second small track shifter are respectively arranged on the tracks at the two sides of the experimental glass cylinder, a first double-pulse laser generator is arranged on the first small track shifter, and a second double-pulse laser generator is arranged on the second small track shifter; the real-time measurement system is connected with the data storage and processing system through a signal wire, and the data storage and processing system is connected with the video converter to convert the captured video information into high-definition pictures in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of PIV, and particularly relates to a device for measuring a fish wake vortex field by using PIV technology and a drawing method thereof, which mainly measure a fish tail flow field and a nearby particle velocity field in real time.
Background
PIV (Prticle Image Velocimetry) techniques use imaging of particles under a laser to measure the flow of particles in three dimensions (in transient) to obtain the flow velocity distribution of the particles. At present, PIV technology has wider application in aquatic organisms, but the problems existing in the technology are mainly expressed in the aspects of objectivity and specificity of research problems; (1) The transient flow field measurement under the condition of the swing of the fish body cannot be realized; (2) It is difficult to accurately calculate the vorticity and specific distribution of the clear flow field under the condition of fish body swing. Based on the reasons, the invention provides a measuring device for a fish tail vortex flow field based on the PIV technology, according to the high scattering rate requirement of the PIV technology on particles, the particles selected by the device are uniform tracer particles which are small enough, the material of the tracer particles is hollow glass beads (particle size 10 mu m and density 1.02g/cm & lt-3 & gt) with good water-based performance, and the imaging effect of high quality is ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly provides a device for measuring tail vortex of a fish body by using PIV technology and a drawing method thereof, which better solve the problem that the PIV technology accurately measures a plurality of particles in a three-dimensional state, can accurately capture the flowing state of trace particles in the three-dimensional state, saves equipment investment and solves the problem of complex operation.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the device for measuring the fish wake vortex field by using the PIV technology comprises a flow field real-time measuring system, wherein the flow field real-time measuring system comprises a track (8), an experiment glass cylinder (3) is arranged on the track (8), hollow glass bead particles (9) for tracking are arranged in the experiment glass cylinder (3), a tripod (4) is arranged on the side edge of the experiment glass cylinder (3), a high-speed camera (5) is arranged at the top of the tripod (4), a first small-sized track shifter (2) and a second small-sized track shifter (7) are respectively arranged on the tracks (8) on the two sides of the experiment glass cylinder (3), a first double-pulse laser generator (1) is arranged on the first small-sized track shifter (2), and a second double-pulse laser generator (6) is arranged on the second small-sized track shifter (7); the real-time measurement system is connected with the data storage and processing system through a signal wire, and the data storage and processing system is connected with the video converter to convert the captured video information into high-definition pictures in real time.
The high-speed camera (5) adopts a dImax HD type camera, and the pixels of the high-speed camera can be converted between 100 ten thousand and 300 ten thousand; the viewing angle range may be changed in the range of 0-90 deg.;
the high-speed camera (5) has 1920×1420 pixels, a frequency frame of 1107FPS, and a shutter time of 0.9ms.
The view angle range of the high-speed camera (5) is 45 DEG
The viewing angle range of the high-speed camera (5) is 90 degrees.
Any operation method of the device for measuring the wake vortex field of the fish body by using the PIV technology comprises the following steps:
step one, combining double pulse laser generators (1, 6) with small track movers (2, 7) respectively, wherein the small track movers (2, 7) are connected with a track (8) to form movable laser irradiation;
step two, paving waterproof coordinate grids on the bottom and the peripheral glass walls of the experimental glass cylinder (3);
step three, the double-pulse laser generators (1, 6) are transversely perpendicular to the experimental glass cylinder (3) to perform bidirectional laser irradiation, and the distance between the double-pulse laser generators (1, 6) and the experimental glass cylinder (3) is adjusted;
step four, water and fish are put into the experimental glass jar (3), and hollow glass bead particles (9) are put into the experimental glass jar (3) after the water surface is stable;
fifthly, combining the tripod (4) with the high-speed camera (5), and shooting hollow glass bead particles (9) at the tail of the fish body in the experimental glass cylinder (3) at a certain angle after the height is adjusted;
and step six, transmitting the video information captured by the high-speed camera (5) to a data analysis system in real time, and converting the video information into high-definition pictures through a video converter.
The calculation method for measuring the wake vortex field of the fish body by using the PIV technology comprises the following steps:
step one, using two images with mutually overlapped view fields, taking a particle as an example, and establishing a relation diagram of two adjacent (n, n+1);
setting the coordinates of the particles as (x, y, z), and obtaining the relation between the n time and the n+1 time on the distance and the relation in time, wherein the displacement in time is listed;
{(x powder (D) ，y Powder (D) ，z Powder (D) ) Is the coordinate representing time n+2) } finally analyzing the particlesThe velocity in this interval, and so on, to all particles in the vortex region, gives a velocity vector;
step three, the three-dimensional vortex flux can be obtained by combining the velocity vector obtained in the step 2) with the relationship between the velocity and the vortex quantity, and the three-dimensional vortex flux can be obtained as follows;
wherein: u, v, w represent the velocity in the x, y, z axes, Ω, respectively x ，Ω y ，Ω z Representing the vorticity on the x, y and z axes respectively;
step four, solving a vortex flux related to the speed by a three-dimensional relation between the speed and the vortex quantity, and a vortex line equation:
wherein:
step five, calculating the intensity of the vortex, extracting any micro-element body (the area of the micro-circle is set to be A=ax, ay, az) of the vortex, and integrating the micro-circle:
wherein:
and step six, dividing the vortex area into a plurality of micro-circles so as to push out the vortex intensity of the whole area.
The drawing method for drawing the fish body wake vortex field of the test result by adopting the fish body wake vortex field calculation method comprises the following steps:
step one, extracting a part of cylinders in vortex generated by the swing of the fish body;
dividing the intercepted cylinder into a plurality of circles;
step three, any particle is taken on the circle, the coordinates of the particle passing through each two-dimensional circle in the time of n to n+j are obtained, then the two-dimensional coordinates are connected, the vortex line of the single particle can be obtained, the vortex line of each particle can be obtained by the method when each particle on the boundary is included in the circle, the tangent line is made on the vortex line, the vector of the speed can be obtained, and the flow condition of the particle can be represented;
and step four, the intensity of vorticity is obtained, and the density degree of the vortex lines is distributed according to the intensity, so that a vortex core area is found out.
The specific method of the fourth step is that the vortex shape and size can be drawn according to the intensity arrangement in the unit area of the vortex and the principle that the intensity is high in the area with low intensity, and the more the particles and the denser the vortex lines are at the position with high intensity.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the device well solves the problem that the PIV technology accurately measures a plurality of particles in a three-dimensional state, can accurately capture the flowing state of trace particles in the three-dimensional state, saves equipment investment, and solves the problem of complex operation.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high-speed camera shooting system with an angle of 45 degrees.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the three-dimensional vortex line composition at 45.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a vortex region intercepting a cylindrical particle trajectory and a vortex line at 45.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a transverse section of a fish body at 45 deg. with its tail swung forward and backward.
Fig. 5 is a graph of velocity vectors of fluid vortices at 45 °.
Fig. 6 is a eddy current field analysis of a fluid in a vortex state at 45 °.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a high-speed camera shooting system with an angle of 90 degrees.
Fig. 8 is a vector diagram of the velocity of the fluid vortex at 90 °.
Fig. 9 is a eddy current field analysis diagram of a fluid in a vortex state at 90 °.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a high speed camera shooting system with an angle of 30 degrees.
Fig. 11 is a vector diagram of the velocity of the fluid vortex at 30 °.
Fig. 12 is a eddy current field analysis chart of a fluid in a state of eddy current at 30 °.
In the figure: the device comprises a first double-pulse laser generator 1, a first small-sized track shifter 2, an experimental glass cylinder 3, a tripod 4, a high-speed camera 5, a second double-pulse laser generator 6, a second small-sized track shifter 7, a track 8 and hollow glass bead particles 9.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the device for measuring the fish wake vortex field by using the PIV technology comprises a flow field real-time measuring system, wherein the flow field real-time measuring system comprises a track 8, an experiment glass cylinder 3 is arranged on the track 8, hollow glass bead particles 9 for tracking are arranged in the experiment glass cylinder 3, a tripod 4 is arranged on the side edge of the experiment glass cylinder 3, a high-speed camera 5 is arranged at the top of the tripod 4, a first small-sized track shifter 2 and a second small-sized track shifter 7 are respectively arranged on the tracks 8 on the two sides of the experiment glass cylinder 3, a first double-pulse laser generator 1 is arranged on the first small-sized track shifter 2, and a second double-pulse laser generator 6 is arranged on the second small-sized track shifter 7; the real-time measurement system is connected with the data storage and processing system through a signal wire, and the data storage and processing system is connected with the video converter to convert the captured video information into high-definition pictures in real time.
Further, the high-speed camera 5 adopts a diimax HD camera, and the pixels of the high-speed camera can be converted between 100 ten thousand and 300 ten thousand; the viewing angle range may be changed in the range of 0-90 deg..
Further, the pixels of the high-speed camera 5 are 1920×1420, the frequency frames are 1107FPS, and the shutter time is 0.9ms.
Further, the high-speed camera 5 has a viewing angle range of 45 DEG
Further, the viewing angle range of the high-speed camera 5 is 90 °.
Example 2:
the device for measuring the wake vortex field of the fish body by using the PIV technology comprises the following steps of:
the method comprises the steps that firstly, a first double-pulse laser generator 1 and a second double-pulse laser generator 6 are respectively combined with a first small track shifter 2 and a second small track shifter 7, and the small track shifters are connected with a track 8 to form movable laser irradiation;
step two, paving waterproof coordinate grids on the bottom and the peripheral glass walls of the experimental glass cylinder 3;
step three, the first double-pulse laser generator 1 and the second double-pulse laser generator 6 are transversely perpendicular to the experimental glass cylinder 3, bidirectional laser irradiation is carried out, and the distance between the double-pulse laser generator and the experimental glass cylinder 3 is adjusted;
step four, placing water and fish in the experimental glass jar 3, and placing the hollow glass bead particles 9 into the experimental glass jar 3 after the water surface is stable;
fifthly, combining the tripod 4 with the high-speed camera 5, and shooting hollow glass bead particles 9 at the tail of the fish body in the experimental glass cylinder 3 at a certain angle after the height is adjusted;
and step six, transmitting the video information captured by the high-speed camera 5 to a data analysis system in real time, and converting the video information into high-definition pictures through a video converter.
Example 3:
the calculation method for measuring the wake vortex field of the fish body by using the PIV technology comprises the following steps of:
1) Using two images with mutually overlapped fields of view, taking a particle as an example, and establishing a relation diagram of two adjacent (n, n+1);
2) Setting the coordinates of the particles as (x, y, z), and obtaining the relationship between the time n and the time n+1 on the distance of the particles, and the relationship in time, wherein the displacement in time is listed;
{(x powder (D) ，y Powder (D) ，z Powder (D) ) Is the coordinate representing time n+2)Finally, the velocity of the particles within the interval is analyzed, and so on all particles in the vortex region are deduced to derive a velocity vector.
3) The three-dimensional vortex flux can be obtained by combining the velocity vector obtained in the step 2) with the relationship between the velocity and the vortex quantity, as follows;
(wherein u, v, w represent the velocity in the x, y, z axes, Ω, respectively) x ，Ω y ，Ω z The representations represent vortexes in x, y, and z axes, respectively).
4) Solving a vortex flux and a vortex line equation of the related speed according to the relation between the three-dimensional speed and the vortex quantity;
5) Calculating the intensity of the vortex, extracting any one of the microelements (the area of the microsphere is set as A=ax, ay, az), and integrating the microsphere
6) The vortex area is divided into a plurality of microcircles, so that the vortex strength of the whole area is deduced.
Example 4:
the method for drawing the fish wake vortex field by using the PIV technology comprises the following steps of:
1) Of the vortices generated by the fish body swinging, some of the vortices are extracted, for example, in a cylindrical shape (see fig. 3).
2) The truncated cylinder is divided into a plurality of circles (see fig. 2).
3) Taking any particle on a circle (taking a boundary of the circle as an example), solving the coordinates of the particle passing through each two-dimensional circle in the time of n to n+j, connecting the two-dimensional coordinates to obtain the vortex line of a single particle (as shown in figure 2), and performing the method by analogy on each particle in the circle (including on the boundary), so as to obtain the vortex line of each particle, tangential the vortex line, and obtaining a velocity vector, thus the flow condition of the particle can be represented.
4) The intensity of the vortex quantity is obtained, the density degree of the vortex lines is distributed according to the intensity, and therefore the vortex core area is found out. The method comprises the following steps: the shape and size of the vortex can be described according to the arrangement of the intensity in the unit area of the vortex (the principle of the large intensity in the area with small intensity), and the more the particles and the denser the vortex lines are at the position with large intensity.
Example 5:
comparison of calculation methods for measuring fish wake vortex field using PIV technology:
as in fig. 1-12, the camera is analyzed for viewing angles of 90 °, 45 °,30 °.
Taking three angles for comparison analysis, taking 90-degree vertical XOY plane shooting as an example, establishing a Lagrange coordinate at the moment according to a picture, obtaining a three-dimensional component of speed according to the Lagrange coordinate, and obtaining vz relative to the picture, and obtaining an instantaneous variable in the Z-axis direction too, if the vz is measured, a camera is additionally arranged and is perpendicular to the Z-axis shooting, but the cost is increased, the two cameras are difficult to shoot and couple videos, the difficulty is increased, and 90-degree is a good example of two dimensions.
In principle, three-dimensional results can be measured at any angle of 0-90 degrees, 30-45 degrees are the same in calculation principle, and the only difference is that; the 30 ° initial calculation is more than 45 °.
From the above description, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the technical spirit of the invention. The present invention is not limited to the prior art.
Claims (3)
1. The calculation method for measuring the fish wake vortex field by using the PIV technology comprises a flow field real-time measurement system, wherein the flow field real-time measurement system comprises a track (8), an experimental glass cylinder (3) is arranged on the track (8), hollow glass bead particles (9) for tracking are arranged in the experimental glass cylinder (3), a tripod (4) is arranged on the side of the experimental glass cylinder (3), a high-speed camera (5) is arranged at the top of the tripod (4), a first small-sized track shifter (2) and a second small-sized track shifter (7) are respectively arranged on the tracks (8) on the two sides of the experimental glass cylinder (3), a first double-pulse laser generator (1) is arranged on the first small-sized track shifter (2), and a second double-pulse laser generator (6) is arranged on the second small-sized track shifter (7); the real-time measurement system is connected with the data storage and processing system through a signal wire, and the data storage and processing system is connected with the video converter to convert the captured video information into a high-definition picture in real time;
the high-speed camera (5) adopts a dImax HD type camera, and the pixels of the high-speed camera can be converted between 100 ten thousand and 300 ten thousand; the viewing angle range may be changed in the range of 0-90 deg.;
the pixels of the high-speed camera (5) are 1920 multiplied by 1420, the frequency frames are 1107FPS, and the shutter time is 0.9ms;
the operation method of the device for measuring the fish wake vortex field by using the PIV technology comprises the following steps:
step one, combining double pulse laser generators (1, 6) with small track movers (2, 7) respectively, wherein the small track movers (2, 7) are connected with a track (8) to form movable laser irradiation;
step two, paving waterproof coordinate grids on the bottom and the peripheral glass walls of the experimental glass cylinder (3);
step three, the double-pulse laser generators (1, 6) are transversely perpendicular to the experimental glass cylinder (3) to perform bidirectional laser irradiation, and the distance between the double-pulse laser generators (1, 6) and the experimental glass cylinder (3) is adjusted;
step four, water and fish are put into the experimental glass jar (3), and hollow glass bead particles (9) are put into the experimental glass jar (3) after the water surface is stable;
step five, combining the tripod (4) and the high-speed camera (5), and shooting hollow glass bead particles (9) at the tail of the fish body in the experimental glass cylinder (3) at a certain angle after the height is adjusted;
transmitting the video information captured by the high-speed camera (5) to a data analysis system in real time, and converting the video information into a high-definition picture through a video converter;
the calculation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, using two images with mutually overlapped view fields, taking a particle as an example, and establishing a relation diagram of two adjacent (n, n+1);
setting the coordinates of the particles as (x, y, z), and obtaining the relation between the n time and the n+1 time on the distance and the relation in time, wherein the displacement in time is listed;
(x powder (D) ，y Powder (D) ，z Powder (D) ) The coordinates representing the time n+1, and finally analyzing the speed of the particles in the interval, and the like to estimate all the particles in the vortex area so as to obtain a speed vector;
step three, calculating three-dimensional vortex flux according to the velocity vector obtained in the step two and the relation between the velocity and the vortex quantity, wherein the three-dimensional vortex flux is obtained as follows;
wherein: u, v, w represent the velocity in the x, y, z axes, Ω, respectively x ，Ω y ，Ω z Representing the vorticity on the x, y and z axes respectively;
step four, solving a vortex flux related to the speed by a three-dimensional relation between the speed and the vortex quantity, and a vortex line equation:
step five, calculating the intensity of the vortex, extracting any micro-element body in the vortex, setting the area of the micro-element to be A=ax, ay and Az, and integrating the micro-element:
and step six, dividing the vortex area into a plurality of microelements, so as to push out the vortex intensity of the whole area.
2. The method for measuring wake vortex field of fish by PIV technology according to claim 1, wherein: the viewing angle range of the high-speed camera (5) is 45 degrees.
3. The method for measuring wake vortex field of fish by PIV technology according to claim 1, wherein: the viewing angle range of the high-speed camera (5) is 90 degrees.
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| US7627979B2 (en) * | 2004-12-08 | 2009-12-08 | Huddleston Deluxe, Inc. | Fish lure with vortex tail |
| CN101852814B (en) * | 2010-04-29 | 2012-05-30 | 中国农业大学 | Whole-field testing method for internal flow of drip emitter maze flow channel |
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