CN107449378B - A kind of test of rock surface degree of roughness and calculation method based on 3-D image - Google Patents
A kind of test of rock surface degree of roughness and calculation method based on 3-D image Download PDFInfo
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- CN107449378B CN107449378B CN201710602292.XA CN201710602292A CN107449378B CN 107449378 B CN107449378 B CN 107449378B CN 201710602292 A CN201710602292 A CN 201710602292A CN 107449378 B CN107449378 B CN 107449378B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
Abstract
A kind of rock surface degree of roughness test of the present invention and calculation method, the present invention is on the basis of 3 d image data, rock surface irregular geometry is evaluated for the offset dispersion degree of rock surface, by rock surface degree of roughness, there are there are randomnesss to take into account in anisotropy and different directions, the description rock surface degree of roughness of 3-D quantitative, measuring and calculation method are simple and direct, practical.Rock surface degree of roughness testing procedure describes irregular fragment surface roughness test method after impact experiment, and the implementation steps that rock surface degree of roughness calculates describe the method for calculating roughness of rock surface by the three-dimensional data that roughness test obtains.The present invention sufficiently has that randomness is taken into account by rock surface anisotropic, and on different directions, describes rock surface roughening from the angle of 3-D quantitative, survey calculation method is simple and direct, practical, strong applicability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Rock Mechanics Test fields, are related to roughness of rock surface experiment measuring technology, especially a kind of
Test and calculation method based on 3-D image to rock surface degree of roughness.
Background technique
Often along weak structural plane failure by shear occurs for rock when being destroyed by dead load or dynamic loading, and
Roughness is to influence extremely crucial one of the factor of shearing strength, and the roughness on joint surface is to research ore-rock dilatancy effect
And seepage flow also has having very important significance, at this stage International Rock mechanics can generally accepted description method be Barton fixed
10 kinds of JRC (rock structural face roughness value, Joint Roughness Coefficient) value of the slave 0-20 of justice is typical bent
Line, JRC value are widely used in rock mechanics field, and there are logarithm passes by the first order derivative root mean square Z that JRC and surface profiler measure
System, but the two-dimentional roughness description being only limitted on the line of rock surface joint；What in March, 1993, Xi'an Technology University's journal was delivered
" point shape in ROCK MASS JOINT face and a point dimension research " applies to Fractal Geometry Theory in the description of rough rock degree；1 lunar rock of nineteen ninety-five
The theoretical fractal model that joint section is established in " fractal image code of Shi Jieli " that geotechnological journey journal rock is delivered cuts open to simulate joint
The roughening in face, using Koch curve simulation random joints variable, the height and length counted by high-order roughening generates cloth
Bright curve, calculates corresponding fractal dimension D, and above-mentioned fractal dimension research can describe roughness of rock surface from three-dimensional perspective
Feature, but fail quantitative description；Rock surface degree of roughness there are there are randomnesss in anisotropy and different directions, and
Rock is damaged, and there are stereochemical structure characteristics for rear surface, it is therefore desirable to carry out its coarse journey of quantitative description from three-dimensional structure angle
Degree.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of test of rock surface degree of roughness and calculation method based on 3-D image,
This method is simple and easy to do, result is reliable, it is to evaluate rock surface irregular geometry pair on the basis of 3 d image data
In the offset dispersion degree of rock surface, by rock surface degree of roughness, there are there are randomnesss in anisotropy and different directions
Take into account, the description rock surface degree of roughness of 3-D quantitative, measuring and calculation method is simple and direct, practical.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented with the following technical solutions:
A kind of rock surface degree of roughness test method based on 3-D image, follows the steps below:
1) rock sample after taking impact experiment to destroy, test specimen volume range 10-1000cm3, surface of test piece is tested
Try the areal extent 2-50cm of range2, surface of test piece be tested range two o'clock between the longest straight line distance be no more than 7cm；
2) being placed in test specimen can contain in the container of neutral cleaners, and vessel volume range is 250-500ml, vessel port
Areal extent is 50-80cm2, it is 7-8.5 that neutral cleaners are added in container to test specimen top, cleaning agent pH range is not crossed,
Soaking time is not less than 60s, is cleaned with Dustproof brush or cotton pad to test specimen, is dried to dry tack free after taking-up；
3) being placed in test specimen can control, on the objective table that front-rear direction is mobile, and surface of test piece is tested extent parallel
It is fixed in objective table, and so that surface of test piece is tested range and be convenient for laser scanner vertical scanning upwards；
4) three-dimensional laser scanner that scanning accuracy reaches 1-10 μm of rank is chosen, scanner is placed in the vertical of objective table
Top, and vertical range is 20-30cm；Objective table translational velocity is adjusted, makes objective table with the speed translation of 0.005-0.01m/s
Until surface is tested range topography scan and completes, obtains surface and be tested range three-dimensional stereo model and three dimensional point cloud；
5) processing surface is tested the three-dimensional stereo model and three dimensional point cloud of range, is converted into different chromatic values
Represent the color mode flat image of different elevations.
A kind of rock surface degree of roughness calculation method based on 3-D image, follows the steps below:
1) defining each chromatic value in color mode flat image is i, and the corresponding pixel quantity of each chromatic value is Ni,
Corresponding elevation is Zi, total pixel quantity is M, counts the pixel quantity N of color mode flat image difference chromatic value iiWith
And the elevation Z of different chromatic valuesi, then total pixel quantity of image
2) pixel ratio for defining each chromatic value is Si:
3) defining surface of test piece profile volume arithmetic mean difference is Va, surface profile volume root-mean-square deviation be Vp, by above-mentioned number
V is calculated according to following formulaa、Vp, Va、VpIt can be used to state rock surface degree of roughness；
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The reliably rock surface degree of roughness test based on 3-D image the present invention provides a kind of simple and easy to do, result
And calculation method, by description rock surface irregular geometry for the discrete features of datum level, evaluation rock surface is not advised
Then solid numerical value, to describe the degree of roughness of rock surface；The present invention is sufficiently by rock surface anisotropic, and not Tongfang
There are problems that randomness is taken into account upwards, describes rock surface roughening from the angle of 3-D quantitative, managed relative to a point shape
By more intuitive, survey calculation method is simple and direct, practical, strong applicability.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is testing procedure figure of the invention.
Fig. 2 is calculating block diagram of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawing:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of rock surface degree of roughness test method based on 3-D image, according to the following steps into
Row:
1) rock sample after taking impact experiment to destroy, test specimen volume range 10-1000cm3, surface of test piece is tested
Try the areal extent 2-50cm of range2, surface of test piece be tested range two o'clock between the longest straight line distance be no more than 7cm.
2) being placed in test specimen can contain in the container of neutral cleaners, and vessel volume range is 250-500ml, vessel port
Areal extent is 50-80cm2, it is 7-8.5 that neutral cleaners are added in container to test specimen top, cleaning agent pH range is not crossed,
Soaking time is not less than 60s, is cleaned with Dustproof brush or cotton pad to test specimen, is dried to dry tack free with air duct after taking-up.
3) being placed in test specimen can control, on the objective table that front-rear direction is mobile, and surface of test piece is tested extent parallel
It is fixed in objective table, and so that surface of test piece is tested range and be convenient for laser scanner vertical scanning upwards.
Test specimen propeller is housed on objective table, has propeller regulating wheel under objective table, objective table or so, front-rear direction can be made
Movement, according to test specimen volume choose can the spring clips of clamping test pieces two sides test specimen is fixed.
4) three-dimensional laser scanner that scanning accuracy reaches 1-10 μm of rank is chosen, scanner is placed in the vertical of objective table
Top, and vertical range is 20-30cm；Objective table translational velocity is adjusted, makes objective table with the speed translation of 0.005-0.01m/s
Until surface is tested range topography scan and completes, obtains surface and be tested range three-dimensional stereo model and three dimensional point cloud.
Scanner can be fixed on the tripod of regulating height, high by adjusting tripod height adjustment scanner
Degree.
5) processing surface is tested the three-dimensional stereo model and three dimensional point cloud of range, is converted into different chromatic values
Represent the color mode flat image of different elevations.
As shown in Fig. 2, a kind of rock surface degree of roughness test method based on 3-D image, according to the following steps into
Row:
1) defining each chromatic value in color mode flat image is i, and the corresponding pixel quantity of each chromatic value is Ni,
Corresponding elevation is Zi, total pixel quantity is M, counts the pixel quantity N of color mode flat image difference chromatic value iiWith
And the elevation Z of different chromatic valuesi, then total pixel quantity of imageDifferent elevation ZiCorresponding different pixels point
Quantity NiAnd total pixel quantity M is shown in Table 1:
Table 1
| Elevation Zi | Pixel quantity Ni |
| Z1 | N1 |
| Z2 | N2 |
| Z3 | N3 |
| …… | …… |
| Zn | Nn |
| It is total | M |
2) pixel ratio for defining each chromatic value is Si:
Then the corresponding pixel ratio of different elevations is shown in Table 2:
Table 2
| Elevation Zi | Pixel ratio Si |
| Z1 | S1 |
| Z2 | S2 |
| Z3 | S3 |
| Z4 | S4 |
| Z5 | S5 |
| …… | …… |
| Zn | Sn |
| It is total | 1 |
3) defining surface of test piece profile volume arithmetic mean difference is Va, surface profile volume root-mean-square deviation be Vp, by above-mentioned number
V is calculated according to following formulaa、Vp:
In formula, Va、VpIt can be used to state rock surface degree of roughness.
Embodiment 1:
Choose amphibolite rock sample after dynamic impulsion compression bar is tested, test specimen volume 400cm3, surface is tested range
Area is 10.5cm2；It is 4cm that surface of test piece, which is tested the longest straight line distance between range two o'clock,；
Test specimen is placed in beaker, beaker volume is 500ml, and beaker opening area is 80cm2, it is added in beaker neutral
For cleaning agent to test specimen top is not crossed, cleaning agent pH value is 7.5, after impregnating 60s, is cleaned with cotton pad to test specimen, uses air duct after taking-up
It is dried to dry tack free；
Test specimen is placed in objective table, test specimen two sides is clamped using the American spring clip of F type and is fixed, keeps surface tested
Range is upward and is parallel to objective table, is convenient for laser scanner vertical scanning；
It chooses 3D three-dimensional laser scanner (HL-3DM), scanner is fixed on the tripod of regulating height, adjust
Tripod height makes scanner perpendicular to objective table and vertical range 20cm；Adjust objective table translational velocity, make objective table with
For the speed translation of 0.01m/s until surface is tested range topography scan and completes, acquisition surface is tested range 3 D stereo mould
Type and three dimensional point cloud；
The three-dimensional stereo model and three dimensional point cloud of range are tested using Geomagic software processing surface, by its turn
Change the color mode flat image that different chromatic values represent different elevations into；
The above-mentioned image of institute is handled using ImageMagick software, according to software computational accuracy, takes elevation by 10 μm of spans
Value, exports different chromatic value pixel quantities, counts the pixel quantity N of its different chromatic value ii, different chromatic value elevation Zi
And total pixel quantity M is shown in Table 3:
Table 3
| Elevation Zi | Pixel quantity Ni |
| 345μm | 314 |
| 335μm | 463 |
| 325μm | 326 |
| 315μm | 289 |
| 305μm | 312 |
| 295μm | 431 |
| 285μm | 806 |
| 275μm | 1657 |
| 265μm | 2675 |
| 255μm | 3497 |
| 245μm | 3568 |
| …… | …… |
| 5μm | 2864 |
| It is total | 147971 |
Calculate the corresponding pixel ratio S of different chromatic valuesiIt is shown in Table 4:
Table 4
Bring upper step data into formula
Calculation testing piece surface is tested the surface profile volume root-mean-square deviation V of rangep=70.192 μm, the surface of test piece quilt
The roughness value of test scope is 70.192 μm.
Embodiment 2:
Choose amphibolite rock sample after dynamic impulsion compression bar is tested, test specimen volume 500cm3, surface is tested range
Area is 13cm2；It is 4.5cm that surface of test piece, which is tested the longest straight line distance between range two o'clock,；
Test specimen is placed in beaker, beaker volume is 500ml, and beaker opening area is 80cm2, it is added in beaker neutral
For cleaning agent to test specimen top is not crossed, cleaning agent pH value is 8, after impregnating 65s, is cleaned with cotton pad to test specimen, is dried after taking-up with air duct
To dry tack free；
Test specimen is placed in objective table, test specimen two sides is clamped using the American spring clip of F type and is fixed, keeps surface tested
Range is upward and is parallel to objective table, is convenient for laser scanner vertical scanning；
It chooses 3D three-dimensional laser scanner (HL-3DM), scanner is fixed on the tripod of regulating height, adjust
Tripod height makes scanner perpendicular to objective table and vertical range 20cm；Adjust objective table translational velocity, make objective table with
For the speed translation of 0.01m/s until surface is tested range topography scan and completes, acquisition surface is tested range 3 D stereo mould
Type and three dimensional point cloud；
The three-dimensional stereo model and three dimensional point cloud of range are tested using Geomagic software processing surface, by its turn
Change the color mode flat image that different chromatic values represent different elevations into；
The above-mentioned image of institute is handled using ImageMagick software, according to software computational accuracy, takes elevation by 10 μm of spans
Value, exports different chromatic value pixel quantities, counts the pixel quantity N of its different chromatic value ii, different chromatic value elevation Zi
And total pixel quantity M is shown in Table 5:
Table 5
Calculate the corresponding pixel ratio S of different chromatic valuesiIt is shown in Table 6:
Table 6
| Elevation Zi | Pixel ratio Si |
| 340μm | 0.001306 |
| 330μm | 0.000843 |
| 320μm | 0.001907 |
| 310μm | 0.010763 |
| 300μm | 0.007042 |
| 290μm | 0.001909 |
| 280μm | 0.000886 |
| 270μm | 0.000819 |
| 260μm | 0.000356 |
| 250μm | 0.000341 |
| …… | …… |
| 10μm | 0.000961 |
| It is total | 1 |
Bring upper step data into formula
Calculation testing piece surface is tested the surface profile volume root-mean-square deviation V of rangep=68.21 μm, the surface of test piece quilt
The roughness value of test scope is 68.21 μm.
Embodiment 3:
Choose amphibolite rock sample after dynamic impulsion compression bar is tested, test specimen volume 600cm3, surface is tested range
Area is 16cm2；It is 6cm that surface of test piece, which is tested the longest straight line distance between range two o'clock,；
Test specimen is placed in beaker, beaker volume is 500ml, and beaker opening area is 80cm2, it is added in beaker neutral
For cleaning agent to test specimen top is not crossed, cleaning agent pH value is 7.5, after impregnating 65s, is cleaned with cotton pad to test specimen, uses air duct after taking-up
It is dried to dry tack free；
Test specimen is placed in objective table, test specimen two sides is clamped using the American spring clip of F type and is fixed, keeps surface tested
Range is upward and is parallel to objective table, is convenient for laser scanner vertical scanning；
It chooses 3D three-dimensional laser scanner (HL-3DM), scanner is fixed on the tripod of regulating height, adjust
Tripod height makes scanner perpendicular to objective table and vertical range 20cm；Adjust objective table translational velocity, make objective table with
For the speed translation of 0.01m/s until surface is tested range topography scan and completes, acquisition surface is tested range 3 D stereo mould
Type and three dimensional point cloud；
The three-dimensional stereo model and three dimensional point cloud of range are tested using Geomagic software processing surface, by its turn
Change the color mode flat image that different chromatic values represent different elevations into；
The above-mentioned image of institute is handled using ImageMagick software, according to software computational accuracy, takes elevation by 10 μm of spans
Value, exports different chromatic value pixel quantities, counts the pixel quantity N of its different chromatic value ii, different chromatic value elevation Zi
And total pixel quantity M is shown in Table 7:
Table 7
| Elevation Zi | Pixel quantity Ni |
| 560μm | 304 |
| 550μm | 900 |
| 540μm | 1346 |
| 530μm | 2164 |
| 520μm | 1333 |
| 510μm | 987 |
| 500μm | 614 |
| 490μm | 1645 |
| 480μm | 2648 |
| 470μm | 4687 |
| 460μm | 5597 |
| …… | …… |
| 10μm | 132 |
| It is total | 74684 |
Calculate the corresponding pixel ratio S of different chromatic valuesiIt is shown in Table 8:
Table 8
Bring upper step data into formula
Calculation testing piece surface is tested the surface profile volume root-mean-square deviation V of rangep=99.87 μm, the surface of test piece quilt
The roughness value of test scope is 99.87 μm.
Embodiment 4:
Choose amphibolite rock sample after dynamic impulsion compression bar is tested, test specimen volume 250cm3, surface is tested range
Area is 10cm2；It is 3.5cm that surface of test piece, which is tested the longest straight line distance between range two o'clock,；
Test specimen is placed in beaker, beaker volume is 500ml, and beaker opening area is 80cm2, it is added in beaker neutral
For cleaning agent to test specimen top is not crossed, cleaning agent pH value is 8, after impregnating 75s, is cleaned with cotton pad to test specimen, is dried after taking-up with air duct
To dry tack free；
Test specimen is placed in objective table, test specimen two sides is clamped using the American spring clip of F type and is fixed, keeps surface tested
Range is upward and is parallel to objective table, is convenient for laser scanner vertical scanning；
It chooses 3D three-dimensional laser scanner (HL-3DM), scanner is fixed on the tripod of regulating height, adjust
Tripod height makes scanner perpendicular to objective table and vertical range 20cm；Adjust objective table translational velocity, make objective table with
For the speed translation of 0.01m/s until surface is tested range topography scan and completes, acquisition surface is tested range 3 D stereo mould
Type and three dimensional point cloud；
The three-dimensional stereo model and three dimensional point cloud of range are tested using Geomagic software processing surface, by its turn
Change the color mode flat image that different chromatic values represent different elevations into；
The above-mentioned image of institute is handled using ImageMagick software, according to software computational accuracy, takes elevation by 10 μm of spans
Value, exports different chromatic value pixel quantities, counts the pixel quantity N of its different chromatic value ii, different chromatic value elevation Zi
And total pixel quantity M is shown in Table 9:
Table 9
Calculate the corresponding pixel ratio S of different chromatic valuesiIt is shown in Table 10 as follows:
Table 10
| Elevation Zi | Pixel ratio Si |
| 260μm | 0.000933 |
| 250μm | 0.010916 |
| 240μm | 0.020682 |
| 230μm | 0.042421 |
| 220μm | 0.02967 |
| 210μm | 0.030603 |
| 200μm | 0.019096 |
| 190μm | 0.050165 |
| 180μm | 0.082913 |
| 170μm | 0.072184 |
| …… | …… |
| 10μm | 0.000404 |
| It is total | 1 |
Bring upper step data into formula
Calculation testing piece surface is tested the surface profile volume root-mean-square deviation V of rangep=32.68 μm, the surface of test piece quilt
The roughness value of test scope is 32.68 μm.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of rock surface degree of roughness calculation method based on 3-D image, which is characterized in that the rock based on 3-D image
Stone surface roughness test method, follows the steps below:
1) rock sample after taking impact experiment to destroy, test specimen volume range 1-1000cm3, surface of test piece is tested range
Areal extent 2-50cm2, surface of test piece be tested range two o'clock between the longest straight line distance be no more than 7cm；
2) being placed in test specimen can contain in the container of neutral cleaners, and vessel volume range is 250-500ml, container opening area
Range is 50-80cm2, it is 7-8.5 that neutral cleaners are added in container to test specimen top, cleaning agent pH range is not crossed, and is impregnated
Time is not less than 60s, is cleaned with Dustproof brush or cotton pad to test specimen, is dried to dry tack free after taking-up；
3) being placed in test specimen can control, on the objective table that front-rear direction is mobile, and surface of test piece is tested extent parallel in load
Object platform is fixed, and so that surface of test piece is tested range and be convenient for laser scanner vertical scanning upwards；
4) choose scanning accuracy and reach the three-dimensional laser scanner of 1-10 μm of rank, by scanner be placed in objective table it is vertical on
Side, and vertical range is 20-30cm；Objective table translational velocity is adjusted, keeps objective table straight with the speed translation of 0.005-0.01m/s
Range topography scan is tested to surface to complete, and is obtained surface and is tested range three-dimensional stereo model and three dimensional point cloud；
5) processing surface is tested the three-dimensional stereo model and three dimensional point cloud of range, is converted into different chromatic values and represents
The color mode flat image of different elevations；
Rock surface degree of roughness calculation method based on 3-D image, follows the steps below:
1) defining each chromatic value in color mode flat image is i, and the corresponding pixel quantity of each chromatic value is Ni, corresponding
Elevation be Zi, total pixel quantity is M, counts the pixel quantity N of color mode flat image difference chromatic value iiAnd not
With the elevation Z of chromatic valuei, then total pixel quantity of image
2) pixel ratio for defining each chromatic value is Si:
3) defining surface of test piece profile volume arithmetic mean difference is Va, surface profile volume root-mean-square deviation be Vp, above-mentioned data are transported
V is calculated with following formulaa、Vp, Va、VpIt can be used to state rock surface degree of roughness；
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