CN107445891A - 催化芳香胺的碳氢键烷基化反应的方法 - Google Patents
催化芳香胺的碳氢键烷基化反应的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种催化芳香胺的碳氢键烷基化反应的方法,包括以下步骤:将式(1)所示的烯烃和式(2)所示的二级芳香胺在三苯碳四(五氟苯基)硼酸盐的催化作用下,在非质子溶剂中于25‑130℃下进行反应;其中,式(1)和式(2)的结构式如下:其中,R1选自C1‑C6烷基或芳香基;R2选自氢、甲基或卤素;R3选自C1‑C4烷基或者‑(CH2)n‑(n=1,2)。本发明提供了一种有效提高芳香胺的碳氢键烷基化反应效率的方法,原料简单易得,操作简便,反应条件较为温和,产率较高,且底物适用范围较广。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机化学领域,尤其涉及一种催化芳香胺的碳氢键烷基化反应的方法。
背景技术
胺类化合物的高效合成是近百年来有机化学领域研究最为广泛的课题之一。胺是极其重要的一类化合物,大量存在于各种生命体中,并被广泛地应用于化肥、农药以及各类精细化学品中。开展相关的研究工作不仅具有重要的理论意义,而且还具有潜在的应用价值。
芳香胺的碳氢键(C-H键)烷基化反应是一种直接对C-H键进行修饰的反应,具有100%的原子经济性,是制备苯胺类衍生物最直接高效的方法。这类反应通常需要路易斯酸作催化剂,而胺类底物与路易斯酸的配位作用阻碍了芳胺的烷基化,使胺类底物通常不适用于经典的酸催化的反应体系。
因此,开发简单易得且高效的催化剂,以催化芳胺的C-H键烷基化反应的进行,具有重要的意义。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的目的是提供一种催化芳香胺的碳氢键烷基化反应的方法,该方法的原料简单易得,操作简便,反应条件较为温和,产率较高,且底物适用范围较广。
本发明提供了一种催化芳香胺的碳氢键烷基化反应的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将式(1)所示的烯烃和式(2)所示的二级芳香胺在三苯碳四(五氟苯基)硼酸盐([Ph3C][B(C6F5)4])的催化作用下,在非质子溶剂中于25-130℃下进行反应,得到式(3)所示的化合物;其中,式(1)-式(3)的结构式如下:
其中,R1选自C1-C6烷基或芳香基;R2选自氢、甲基或卤素;R3选自C1-C4烷基或-(CH2)n-,n=1或2。R3为C1-C4烷基时,不与苯环相连;R3为亚甲基或亚乙基时,与苯环相连后成环。
进一步地,以上反应在无水条件下进行。
进一步地,烯烃为苯乙烯、甲基苯乙烯、甲氧基苯乙烯、卤代苯乙烯、乙烯基吡啶、辛烯、己烯或1,3-环己二烯。
进一步地,二级芳香胺为1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉、6-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉、2-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉、吲哚啉、5-溴吲哚啉、2-甲基吲哚啉、N-甲基苯胺或N-乙基苯胺。
进一步地,烯烃、二级芳香胺和三苯碳四(五氟苯基)硼酸盐的摩尔比为20-100:20:1-2。
优选地,烯烃为苯乙烯,二级芳香胺为1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉。
优选地,按苯乙烯、1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉和三苯碳四(五氟苯基)硼酸盐的摩尔比为20:10:1,在25-100℃下反应12h。
优选地,按苯乙烯、1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉和三苯碳四(五氟苯基)硼酸盐的摩尔比为10:10:1、50:10:1或40:20:1,在60℃下反应12h。
进一步地,反应在含有保护气氛的密闭条件下进行。
进一步地,保护气氛为氩气气氛或氮气气氛。
进一步地,反应时间为12-24h。
进一步地,非质子溶剂为甲苯、氯苯、己烷和四氢呋喃中的一种或几种。
进一步地,反应结束后,还包括对产物进行分离纯化的步骤。
进一步地,分离纯化方法为柱层析和/或薄层色谱。
本发明的反应原理如下:在[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]存在下,与芳香胺形成胺盐A。A活化了烯烃,形成较为稳定的碳正离子B。B与芳香胺发生亲电加成反应,生成中间体C。C脱去质子,得到目标产物。同时芳香胺被质子化,与另一份子烯烃反应,实现催化循环。具体原理的路线图如下:
借由上述方案,本发明至少具有以下优点:
本发明利用硼试剂[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]催化烯烃和二级芳香胺的分子间烷基化反应,使得二者之间的烷基化反应效率大大提高,该方法所用催化剂已商品化,不需要预先合成,原料简单易得,反应操作简便,反应条件较为温和,产率较高,且底物适用范围较广。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述,为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段,并可依照说明书的内容予以实施,以下以本发明的较佳实施例并配合附图详细说明如后。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1合成的二级胺的核磁氢谱。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例,对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种利用10mol%[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]在60℃条件下催化苯乙烯和1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉的烷基化反应的方法,具体步骤如下:
将46mg(0.05mmol)的[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]溶于2mL氯苯中,向溶液中加入0.11mL(1.0mmol)苯乙烯和0.063mL(0.5mmol)1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉,封管,在无水、无氧并采用氩气保护的条件下,60℃条件下反应12h。反应结束后,经柱层析(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1/100),得到目标产物111mg,产率94%。目标产物的结构式如下:
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种利用5mol%[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]在60℃条件下催化苯乙烯和1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉的烷基化反应的方法,具体步骤如下:
将23mg(0.025mmol)的[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]溶于2mL氯苯中,向溶液中加入0.11mL(1.0mmol)苯乙烯和0.063mL(0.5mmol)1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉,封管,在无水、无氧并采用氩气保护的条件下,60℃条件下反应12h。反应结束后,经柱层析(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1/100),得到目标产物89mg,产率75%。目标产物的结构式如下:
上述反应中,苯乙烯、1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉和[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]的摩尔比、反应温度和时间还可以按照如下条件进行改变,得到同样的目标产物:
苯乙烯、1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉和[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]的摩尔比为20:10:1,在25-100℃下反应12h。
苯乙烯、1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉和[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]的摩尔比为50:10:1,在60℃下反应12h。
苯乙烯、1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉和[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]的摩尔比为10:10:1,在60℃下反应12h。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种利用10mol%[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]在80℃条件下催化苯乙烯和6-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉的烷基化反应的方法,具体步骤如下:
将46mg(0.05mmol)的[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]溶于2mL氯苯中,向溶液中加入0.11mL(1.0mmol)苯乙烯和74mg(0.5mmol)6-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉,封管,在无水、无氧并采用氩气保护的条件下,80℃条件下反应12h。反应结束后,经柱层析(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1/100),得到目标产物119mg,产率95%。目标产物的结构式如下:
实施例4
本实施例提供了一种利用10mol%[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]在80℃条件下催化对甲基苯乙烯和6-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉的烷基化反应的方法,具体步骤如下:
将46mg(0.05mmol)的[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]溶于2mL氯苯中,向溶液中加入0.13mL(1.0mmol)对甲基苯乙烯和74mg(0.5mmol)6-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉,封管,在无水、无氧并采用氩气保护的条件下,80℃条件下反应12h。反应结束后,经柱层析(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1/100),得到目标产物122mg,产率92%。目标产物的结构式如下:
实施例5
本实施例提供了一种利用10mol%[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]在80℃条件下催化对甲氧基苯乙烯和6-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉的烷基化反应的方法,具体步骤如下:
将46mg(0.05mmol)的[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]溶于2mL氯苯中,向溶液中加入0.13mL(1.0mmol)对甲氧基苯乙烯和74mg(0.5mmol)6-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉,封管,在无水、无氧并采用氩气保护的条件下,80℃条件下反应12h。反应结束后,经柱层析(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1/100),得到目标产物136mg,产率97%。目标产物的结构式如下:
实施例6
本实施例提供了一种利用10mol%[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]在100℃条件下催化对氯苯乙烯和6-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉的烷基化反应的方法,具体步骤如下:
将46mg(0.05mmol)的[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]溶于2mL氯苯中,向溶液中加入0.12mL(1.0mmol)对氯苯乙烯和74mg(0.5mmol)6-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉,封管,在无水、无氧并采用氩气保护的条件下,100℃条件下反应12h。反应结束后,经柱层析(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1/100),得到目标产物135mg,产率95%。目标产物的结构式如下:
实施例7
本实施例提供了一种利用10mol%[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]在120℃条件下催化对1-己烯和1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉的分子间烷基化反应的方法,具体步骤如下:
将46mg(0.05mmol)的[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]溶于2mL氯苯中,溶解充分后向溶液中加入0.31mL(2.5mmol)1-己烯和63μL(0.5mmol)1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉,封管,在无水、无氧并采用氩气保护的条件下,120℃条件下反应24h。反应结束后,经柱层析(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1/100),得到目标产物35mg,产率32%。目标产物的结构式如下:
实施例8
本实施例提供了一种利用10mol%[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]在100℃条件下催化对1,3-环己二烯和6-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉的分子间烷基化反应的方法,具体步骤如下:
将46mg(0.05mmol)的[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]溶于2mL氯苯中,溶解充分后向溶液中加入95μL(1mmol)1,3-环己二烯和74mg(0.5mmol)6-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉,封管,在无水、无氧并采用氩气保护的条件下,100℃条件下反应12h。反应结束后,经柱层析(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1/100),得到目标产物84mg,产率74%。目标产物的结构式如下:
实施例9
本实施例提供了一种利用10mol%[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]在60℃条件下催化苯乙烯和5-溴吲哚啉的分子间烷基化反应的方法,具体步骤如下:
将46mg(0.05mmol)的[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]溶于2mL氯苯中,溶解充分后向溶液中加入0.11mL(1.0mmol)苯乙烯和99mg(0.5mmol)5-溴吲哚啉,封管,在无水、无氧并采用氩气保护的条件下,60℃条件下反应12h。反应结束后,经柱层析(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1/100),得到目标产物77mg,产率51%。目标产物的结构式如下:
实施例10
本实施例提供了一种利用10mol%[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]在60℃条件下催化苯乙烯和N-甲基苯胺的分子间烷基化反应的方法,具体步骤如下:
将46mg(0.05mmol)的[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]溶于2mL氯苯中,溶解充分后向溶液中加入0.11mL(1.0mmol)苯乙烯和54μL(0.5mmol)N-甲基苯胺,封管,在无水、无氧并采用氩气保护的条件下,60℃条件下反应12h。反应结束后,经柱层析(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1/100),得到目标产物84mg,产率80%。目标产物的结构式如下:
实施例11
本实施例提供了一种利用10mol%[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]在60℃条件下催化苯乙烯和N-乙基苯胺的分子间烷基化反应的方法,具体步骤如下:
将46mg(0.05mmol)的[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]溶于2mL氯苯中,溶解充分后向溶液中加入0.11mL(1.0mmol)苯乙烯和63μL(0.5mmol)N-乙基苯胺,封管,在无水、无氧并采用氩气保护的条件下,60℃条件下反应12h。反应结束后,经柱层析(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1/100),得到目标产物50mg,产率44%。目标产物的结构式如下:
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,并不用于限制本发明,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和变型,这些改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种催化芳香胺的碳氢键烷基化反应的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将式(1)所示的烯烃和式(2)所示的二级芳香胺在三苯碳四(五氟苯基)硼酸盐的催化作用下,在非质子溶剂中于25-130℃下进行反应,得到式(3)所示的化合物;其中,式(1)-式(3)的结构式如下:
其中,R1选自C1-C6烷基或芳香基;R2选自氢、甲基或卤素;R3选自C1-C4烷基或-(CH2)n-,n=1或2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的催化芳香胺的碳氢键烷基化反应的方法,其特征在于:所述烯烃为苯乙烯、甲基苯乙烯、甲氧基苯乙烯、卤代苯乙烯、乙烯基吡啶、辛烯、己烯或1,3-环己二烯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的催化芳香胺的碳氢键烷基化反应的方法,其特征在于:所述二级芳香胺为1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉、6-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉、2-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉、吲哚啉、5-溴吲哚啉、2-甲基吲哚啉、N-甲基苯胺或N-乙基苯胺。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的催化芳香胺的碳氢键烷基化反应的方法,其特征在于:所述烯烃、二级芳香胺和三苯碳四(五氟苯基)硼酸盐的摩尔比为20-100:20:1-2。
5.根据权利要求1所述的催化芳香胺的碳氢键烷基化反应的方法,其特征在于:反应在含有保护气氛的密闭条件下进行。
6.根据权利要求5所述的催化芳香胺的碳氢键烷基化反应的方法,其特征在于:所述保护气氛为氩气气氛或氮气气氛。
7.根据权利要求1所述的催化芳香胺的碳氢键烷基化反应的方法,其特征在于:反应时间为12-24h。
8.根据权利要求1所述的催化芳香胺的碳氢键烷基化反应的方法,其特征在于:所述非质子溶剂为甲苯、氯苯、己烷和四氢呋喃中的一种或几种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的催化芳香胺的碳氢键烷基化反应的方法,其特征在于:反应结束后,还包括对产物进行分离纯化的步骤。
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