CN107444098B - 乘用车串并联混合动力传动装置 - Google Patents

乘用车串并联混合动力传动装置 Download PDF

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CN107444098B
CN107444098B CN201710545720.XA CN201710545720A CN107444098B CN 107444098 B CN107444098 B CN 107444098B CN 201710545720 A CN201710545720 A CN 201710545720A CN 107444098 B CN107444098 B CN 107444098B
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gear
output shaft
engine
motor
generator
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CN107444098A (zh
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彭增雄
胡纪滨
魏超
李学良
孙钦鹏
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Beijing University of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/442—Series-parallel switching type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明属于动力传动技术领域，特别涉及一种串并联混合动力传动装置。乘用车串并联混合动力传动装置，它包括：不同轴布置的发电机、电动机；发动机输入轴通过主离合器、减震器连接输入轴，输入轴与第一齿轮固定连接；空套在中间轴上的第二齿轮一方面与第一齿轮、第七齿轮啮合，另一方面固定连接离合器；第七齿轮与发电机的输出轴固定连接；中间轴上固定连接有第三齿轮以及第五齿轮，第三齿轮与第二齿轮啮合，第二齿轮与电动机的输出轴固定连接，第五齿轮与第六齿轮啮合，第六齿轮与输出轴上的差速器固定连接。本发明中发电机和电动机不同轴布置，有利于缩短传动装置的轴向空间，适用于A级到C级横置发动机布置的乘用车。

Description

乘用车串并联混合动力传动装置
技术领域
本发明属于动力传动技术领域，特别涉及一种串并联混合动力传动装置。
背景技术
混合动力传动技术为乘用车节能减排的重要手段，各大汽车厂家积极发展。丰田公司的THS混联形式的混动技术具备良好的节油效果，利用行星机构进行功率分流，保证发动机常工作在经济区间，但行星机构要求较高。串联形式的混合动力系统能保证发动机工作在经济区间，适合于经常启停、负荷变化剧烈、城市行车等工况；但对于高速稳定工况，由于多了一次能量转化，效率较低。并联形式混合动力系统适合于高速工况，获得高传动效率，高动力性能。串并联混合动力系统能有效应对城市工况和高速工况，实现低燃油消耗。
中国专利申请CN103298637B公布了一种乘用车双电机串并联混合动力装置，两台电机同轴布置，通过两对定轴齿轮实现发电机的增速和电动机的减速，离合器布置在定轴齿轮中间。
中国专利申请CN102869526B公布了一种乘用车双电机串并联混合动力转置，两台电机同轴布置，通过两个行星机构实现内发电机的增速和电动机的减速，布置两个离合器，实现两个并联的机械挡位。
中国专利申请CN103221242B公布了一种乘用车双电机串并联混合动力转置，两台电机同轴布置，通过两个行星机构实现内发电机的增速和电动机的减速，布置4个或者5个离合器/制动器，实现4到6个并联的机械挡位。
为实现多个并联挡位，混合动力系统需要增加离合器/制动器数目，导致结构和工艺复杂，中国专利申请CN103298637B公布的单个并联挡位的混合动力传动装置是较为简单的解决方案，适用于城市和高速工况，能达到较高的燃油经济性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是：为实现更短的轴向布置空间，提供一种乘用车串并联混合动力传动装置，双电机不同轴布置，适用于A级到C级横置发动机布置的乘用车。
本发明的技术方案是：乘用车串并联混合动力传动装置，它包括：不同轴布置的发电机、电动机；
发动机输入轴通过主离合器、减震器与输入轴相连，输入轴与第一齿轮固定同轴固接；空套在中间轴上的第二齿轮通过离合器与中间轴相连；所述第二齿轮分别与第一齿轮、第七齿轮啮合；第七齿轮与发电机的输出轴同轴固接；中间轴上同轴固接有第三齿轮以及第五齿轮，第三齿轮与同轴固接在所述电动机输出轴上的第四齿轮啮合，第五齿轮与第六齿轮啮合，第六齿轮与输出轴上的差速器固定连接；
串联混动模式时，所述主离合器接合，所述离合器分离；发动机的功率依次通过发动机输入轴、所述主离合器、所述减震器、所述输入轴、所述第一齿轮、所述第二齿轮、所述第七齿轮、所述发电机输出轴传递至所述发电机，所述发电机将机械能转化为电能通过电路系统传递给所述电动机后依次通过所述电动机输出轴、所述第四齿轮、所述第三齿轮、所述中间轴、所述第五齿轮、所述第六齿轮、所述差速器传递至所述输出轴，经所述输出轴输出；多余的电能存储在电动机的电池组内，用于后续的纯电动行驶工况；
发动机直驱模式时，所述主离合器与所述离合器均接合；发动机的功率依次通过发动机输入轴、所述主离合器、所述减震器、所述输入轴、所述第一齿轮、所述第二齿轮后分为两部分，一部分直接通过所述中间轴、所述第五齿轮、所述第六齿轮、所述差速器传递至所述输出轴，经所述输出轴输出；另一部分通过所述第七齿轮、所述发电机输出轴传递至所述发电机，所述发电机将机械能转化为电能通过电路系统传递给所述电动机后通过所述电动机输出轴、所述第四齿轮、所述第三齿轮、所述中间轴与发动机功率汇聚后通过所述第五齿轮、所述第六齿轮、所述差速器传递至所述输出轴，经所述输出轴输出；发动机直驱模式为并联混合动力模式，发动机直驱模式时，发动机动力直接驱动车辆，所述发电机和电动机用于辅助加速、发电或者制动能量回收功能。
有益效果：
本发明中发电机和电动机不同轴布置，有利于缩短传动装置的轴向空间，有利于横置动力舱布置。第二齿轮、离合器和中间轴实现了发动机功率和电动机功率的耦合，简化了传动装置结构，降低了工艺成本；电动机的动力通过第二、三齿轮减速增扭输出到中间轴，第一齿轮、第二齿轮和第七齿轮提升发电机的转速，有利于提高混合动力传动装置的功率密度。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构简图；
图2为本发明的轴系布置图；
图3为本发明在纯电动模式下动力传递构件图；
图4为本发明在混合动力模式下动力传递构件图；
图5为本发明在发动机直驱模式下动力传递构件图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图并举实施例，对本发明进行详细描述。
参见附图1、2，乘用车串并联混合动力传动装置，它包括：不同轴布置的发电机10、电动机9；
发动机输入轴1通过主离合器、减震器2连接输入轴3，输入轴3与第一齿轮4固定连接；空套在中间轴12上的第二齿轮5一方面与第一齿轮4、第七齿轮15啮合，另一方面固定连接离合器11；第七齿轮15与发电机的输出轴16固定连接；中间轴12上固定连接有第三齿轮7以及第五齿轮13，第三齿轮7与第四齿轮6啮合，第四齿轮6与电动机的输出轴8固定连接，第五齿轮13与第六齿轮14啮合，第六齿轮14与输出轴上的差速器17固定连接。
参见附图3，低速轻载及倒车工况时，采用纯电动模式，即：发动机、发电机10不工作，主离合器、离合器11均断开；电动机9利用电池组的能量，其功率依次通过电动机的输出轴8、第四齿轮6、第三齿轮7、中间轴12、第五齿轮13、第六齿轮14、差速器17输出，驱动车辆前进或倒车。图中加黑路线为功率传递路线，下同。
下表给出了本例中各齿轮传动比及电动机、发电机的相关参数
参见附图4，中、低速重载工况时，采用串联混动模式，即：发动机、发电机10、电动机9工作，主离合器接合，离合器11断开；发动机的功率依次通过发动机输入轴1、主离合器、减震器2、输入轴3、第一齿轮4、第二齿轮5、第七齿轮15、发电机的输出轴16传递至发电机10，驱动发电机10发电，发电机10将机械能转化为电能通过电路系统传递给电动机9后通过电动机的输出轴8、第四齿轮6、第三齿轮7、中间轴12、第五齿轮13、第六齿轮14、差速器17输出；此时发动机可工作在经济油耗区间，电能除满足电动机9的需求外，多余的电能可存储在电池组内，用于后续的纯电动行驶工况。
参见附图5，用于高速循环工况时，采用发动机直驱模式，即：车辆高速巡航时，发动机直接驱动车辆，避免了能量转化过程，有利于提高传动效率；主离合器与离合器11均接合；发动机的功率依次通过发动机输入轴1、主离合器、减震器2、输入轴3、第一齿轮4、第二齿轮5后分为两部分，一部分直接通过中间轴12、第五齿轮13、第六齿轮14、差速器17输出，另一部分通过第七齿轮15、发电机的输出轴16传递至发电机10，发电机10将机械能转化为电能通过电路系统传递给电动机9后通过电动机的输出轴8、第四齿轮6、第三齿轮7、中间轴12与发动机功率汇聚后通过第五齿轮13、第六齿轮14、差速器17输出。此时，发动机工作在经济区间附近，有利于整车油耗水平的提高；发动机直驱模式为并联混合动力模式，利用发电机10和电动机9调整发动机的负荷，使发动机尽量工作在经济区间；同时也可通过发电机10和电动机9进行制动能量回收，提高整车燃油经济性。
通常，起步和倒挡采用纯电动模式，电动机9依靠电池组的能量驱动车辆行驶，当电池组的SOC低于某个限制后，发动机才启动，带动发电机10进行发电。城市拥堵路工况，采用纯电动模式或者混合动力模式，保证发动机的最佳工作点，从发动机和变速箱的综合效率提高燃油经济性。高速巡航工况采用发动机直驱模式，在90～120km/h的工况下，发动机动力直接驱动车辆，发电机10和电动机9只用于辅助加速、发电或者制动能量回收功能。
综上，以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (2)

1.乘用车串并联混合动力传动装置，其特征在于，包括：不同轴布置的发电机(10)、电动机(9)；
发动机输入轴(1)通过主离合器、减震器(2)与输入轴(3)相连，所述输入轴(3)与第一齿轮(4)同轴固接；空套在中间轴(12)上的第二齿轮(5)通过离合器(11)与中间轴(12)相连；所述第二齿轮(5)分别与所述第一齿轮(4)和第七齿轮(15)啮合；所述第七齿轮(15)与所述发电机输出轴(16)同轴固接；所述中间轴(12)上同轴固接有第三齿轮(7)以及第五齿轮(13)，所述第三齿轮(7)与同轴固接在所述电动机输出轴(8)上的第四齿轮(6)啮合，所述第五齿轮(13)与第六齿轮(14)啮合，所述第六齿轮(14)与输出轴上的差速器(17)固定连接；
串联混动模式时，所述主离合器接合，所述离合器(11)分离；发动机的功率依次通过发动机输入轴(1)、所述主离合器、所述减震器(2)、所述输入轴(3)、所述第一齿轮(4)、所述第二齿轮(5)、所述第七齿轮(15)、所述发电机输出轴(16)传递至所述发电机(10)，所述发电机(10)将机械能转化为电能通过电路系统传递给所述电动机(9)后依次通过所述电动机输出轴(8)、所述第四齿轮(6)、所述第三齿轮(7)、所述中间轴(12)、所述第五齿轮(13)、所述第六齿轮(14)、所述差速器(17)传递至所述输出轴，经所述输出轴输出；多余的电能存储在电动机(9)的电池组内，用于后续的纯电动行驶工况；
发动机直驱模式时，所述主离合器与所述离合器(11)均接合；发动机的功率依次通过发动机输入轴(1)、所述主离合器、所述减震器(2)、所述输入轴(3)、所述第一齿轮(4)、所述第二齿轮(5)后分为两部分，一部分直接通过所述中间轴(12)、所述第五齿轮(13)、所述第六齿轮(14)、所述差速器(17)传递至所述输出轴，经所述输出轴输出；另一部分通过所述第七齿轮(15)、所述发电机输出轴(16)传递至所述发电机(10)，所述发电机(10)将机械能转化为电能通过电路系统传递给所述电动机(9)后通过所述电动机输出轴(8)、所述第四齿轮(6)、所述第三齿轮(7)、所述中间轴(12)与发动机功率汇聚后通过所述第五齿轮(13)、所述第六齿轮(14)、所述差速器(17)传递至所述输出轴，经所述输出轴输出；发动机直驱模式为并联混合动力模式，发动机直驱模式时，发动机动力直接驱动车辆，所述发电机(10)和电动机(9)用于辅助加速、发电或者制动能量回收功能。
2.如权利要求1所述的乘用车串并联混合动力传动装置，其特征在于，纯电动模式时，所述主离合器、所述离合器(11)均分离；所述电动机(9)的功率依次通过所述电动机输出轴(8)、所述第四齿轮(6)、所述第三齿轮(7)、所述中间轴(12)、所述第五齿轮(13)、所述第六齿轮(14)、所述差速器(17)传递至所述输出轴，经所述输出轴输出。
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