CN107439811A - Feed addictive and its application containing glycine - Google Patents
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- CN107439811A CN107439811A CN201610383881.9A CN201610383881A CN107439811A CN 107439811 A CN107439811 A CN 107439811A CN 201610383881 A CN201610383881 A CN 201610383881A CN 107439811 A CN107439811 A CN 107439811A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of feed addictive containing glycine and its application.It is claimed it is a kind of using glycine as the feed addictive and glycine of active ingredient or the feed addictive following using 1) to the application in any one in 5):1) growth performance of weanling pig is improved;2) content of free glycine in weanling pig blood plasma is improved;3) content of reduced glutathione in weanling pig blood plasma is improved;4) content of weanling pig blood plasma GLN, ammonia, urea and oxidized form of glutathione is reduced;5) ratio of oxidized form and reduced glutathione in weanling pig blood plasma is reduced.Glycine is added in daily ration and is remarkably improved 8 15kg weanling pigs average daily gains and average daily gain and feed efficiency.Experiment shows that the glycine of addition 0.75% or 1.5% is more beneficial for the performance of its optimum growh performance into the corn-soybean meal daily ration of 8 15kg weanling pigs.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of fodder, is related to a kind of feed addictive containing glycine and its application.
Background technology
Wean can bring the change in physiology, behavior and nutrition to mammal.Early weaning piglet, ring caused by it
Border, diet and psychological change, bring stress reaction for piglet, harmful effect produced to piglet, show as feed intake reduce,
Feed conversion rate reduces, is slow-growing, and the generation of the intestines problem such as diarrhoea, indigestion, intestinal villus atrophy.Therefore, this
The nutrition supply of one stage piglet is particularly important.
Newest U.S.'s National Research Council (NRC) databases (2012) are to each rank of growing
The daily ration glycine requirement of section piglet is not advised.This may be not only due to lack correlation test data, Ye Shiyin
For to caused by nutrition of the glycine in piglet body, physiology and metabolic importance understanding deficiency.It is total that glycine accounts for body protein
The 11.5% of amino acid content, and there is important nutrition and physiological action in vivo.Glycine has a plurality of metabolism way in vivo
Footpath, wherein, 80% glycine is used for synthesizing body protein in animal body.In addition, it can also be used to synthesize various active thing
Matter, such as glutathione, creatine, cholic acid, purine, ferroheme and serine.And have scholar's proposition recently, for weanling pig,
The glycine that normal corn soybean diet provides can not meet that it grows, needed for metabolism.Powell etc. has found, feeds low egg
The glycine of the weanling pig synthesis of daytime grain can not meet that needed for its maximum growth, 0.52% glycine is added in diet can
To improve its daily gain and feed efficiency.However, glycine is added into conventional weanling pig daily ration to weanling pig
Effect there is no report.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of feed addictive containing glycine and its application.
It is claimed a kind of to add by the feed addictive and glycine of active ingredient or the feed of glycine
Add agent following using 1) to the application in any one in 5):
1) growth performance of weanling pig is improved;
2) content of free glycine in weanling pig blood plasma is improved;
3) content of reduced glutathione in weanling pig blood plasma is improved;
4) content of weanling pig blood plasma GLN, ammonia, urea and oxidized form of glutathione is reduced;
5) ratio of oxidized form and reduced glutathione in weanling pig blood plasma is reduced.
Specifically, the application comprises the following steps:
The glycine is added in the daily ration of the weanling pig.
In above-mentioned application, the amount ratio of the glycine and daily ration is 0.75g-1.5g:1kg, preferably 1.5g:1kg.
The average weight of the weanling pig is 8-15kg;Age in days is 28-42 days.
It is described to apply 1) as follows using a, using vb or using c:
The application a is:Improve the feed intake of weanling pig;
The application b is:Improve the daily gain of weanling pig;
The application c is:Reduce the feedstuff-meat ratio of weanling pig.
Specifically, the composition of the daily ration is as shown in table 1:
Table 1, daily ration composition and trophic level
Note:1There is provided in every kilogram of full price batch:Vitamin A, 7709IU;Vitamin D3, 2200IU;Vitamin E,
60IU;Vitamin K3, 9mg;Vitamin B2, 7.7mg;Vitamin B12, 0.044mg;Pantothenic acid, 33mg;Nicotinic acid, 33mg;Choline,
287mg;Biotin:0.22mg.
2There is provided in every kilogram of full price batch:Manganese, 20mg;Iron, 100mg;Zinc, 100mg;Copper, 15mg;Iodine, 0.60mg;
Selenium, 0.10mg.
3It is expressed as measured value;Dry matter content 89.6%.
4Do not include the crystal glycine and alanine being added into daily ration.Amino acid composition (the g/kg of basal diet;Raise
Feed basis) it is as follows:Alanine, 12.8;Arginine, 13.0;Asparagine, 9.47;Aspartic acid, 13.4;Cysteine,
3.70;Glutamic acid, 17.9;Glutamine, 18.8;Glycine, 9.96;Histidine, 5.43;Isoleucine, 9.06;Leucine,
18.1;Lysine, 12.8;Methionine, 3.40;Phenylalanine, 10.1;Proline, 16.0;Serine, 9.48;Threonine,
8.10;Tryptophan, 2.55;Tyrosine, 8.19 and valine, 9.94.
The composition of the substitute breast milk is as shown in table 2:
The addition (g/kg dries) of glycine, ALANINE and cornstarch in the substitute breast milk of table 21
Note:1Dry matter content is 96.7%;Glycine molecule amount:75.1;ALANINE molecular weight:89.1.
The present inventor is found by experiment that, 0.75% or 1.5% glycine is added in daily ration compared with other groups, can be with
Significantly improve 8-15kg weanling pigs average daily gain and average daily gain;And add 0.75% and 1.5% glycine
The feed efficiency of 8-15kg weanling pigs can also be improved.In addition, the addition of glycine makes in weanling pig blood plasma in daily ration
Free glycine content and the increase of reduced glutathione content, and glutamine, ammonia, urea and oxidized form of glutathione content
And the ratio of oxidized form and reduced glutathione reduces, and 1.5% glycine addition group best results.As a result table
It is bright, into the corn soybean diet of 8-15kg weanling pigs add 1.5% glycine be more beneficial for its optimum growh performance and
The performance of anti-ablactation stress function.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated, but the present invention is not limited to following examples.Institute
It is conventional method unless otherwise instructed to state method.The raw material can obtain from open commercial sources unless otherwise instructed.
Embodiment 1
Experimental animal and daily ration
From hybridization (Du × length × big) castration boar of 72 28d wean, average weight is 8.23 ± 0.34kg for experiment.
Piglet is randomly divided into 3 processing by body weight phase approximately principle, 8 repetitions is each handled, each repeats 3 pigs.Experimental period 14d.
The glycine for adding 0,0.75% and 1.5% respectively in basal diet (corn soybean diet) is used as experiment daily ration, i.e., sweet
The amount ratio of propylhomoserin and basal diet is 0,0.75g:1kg、1.5g:1kg, while appropriate alanine is added respectively the nitrogen such as to ensure
Feeding, add the energy feedings such as appropriate cornstarch guarantee.Diet Formula and trophic level are shown in Table 1, the alanine and jade of each group
Rice starch addition is shown in Table 2.
Table 1, daily ration composition and trophic level (feeding basis)
Note:1There is provided in every kilogram of full price batch:Vitamin A, 7709IU;Vitamin D3, 2200IU;Vitamin E,
60IU;Vitamin K3, 9mg;Vitamin B2, 7.7mg;Vitamin B12, 0.044mg;Pantothenic acid, 33mg;Nicotinic acid, 33mg;Choline,
287mg;Biotin:0.22mg.
2There is provided in every kilogram of full price batch:Manganese, 20mg;Iron, 100mg;Zinc, 100mg;Copper, 15mg;Iodine, 0.60mg;
Selenium, 0.10mg.
3It is expressed as measured value;Dry matter content 89.6%.
4Do not include the crystal glycine and alanine being added into daily ration.Amino acid composition (the g/kg of basal diet;Raise
Feed basis) it is as follows:Alanine, 12.8;Arginine, 13.0;Asparagine, 9.47;Aspartic acid, 13.4;Cysteine,
3.70;Glutamic acid, 17.9;Glutamine, 18.8;Glycine, 9.96;Histidine, 5.43;Isoleucine, 9.06;Leucine,
18.1;Lysine, 12.8;Methionine, 3.40;Phenylalanine, 10.1;Proline, 16.0;Serine, 9.48;Threonine,
8.10;Tryptophan, 2.55;Tyrosine, 8.19 and valine, 9.94.
The addition (g/kg dries) of glycine, ALANINE and cornstarch in table 2, daily ration1
Note:1Dry matter content is 96.7%;Glycine molecule amount:75.1;ALANINE molecular weight:89.1.
Experimental design and sample collection
Using random packet, 3 processing piglets feed 3 groups of experiment daily rations respectively, and all piglets are weighed weekly, ramming material 1 time,
Calculate average daily gain (Average daily gain, ADG), average daily gain (Average daily feed
Intake, ADFI) and feed efficiency.Experimental period is 14d.In testing the 7th and 14d (being respectively 35 and 42 ages in days), search for food
After 1h, all piglets liquaemin anti-freezing vacuum blood collection tube (Serum Clot Activator, Greiner Bio-one) ante-chamber
Venous blood collection 5mL, 2,000 × g centrifugation 15min, separated plasma, -20 DEG C freeze it is standby.
Feeding management
Experiment is carried out in Texas A&M University pigs experimental center.Pig house is designed using totally enclosed type, laterally row
Gas fans ventilative, indoor temperature, humidity, air flux, CO2And NH3Concentration is all controlled by computer automation, experimental period colony house
First week mean temperature is 30 ± 1 DEG C, and second week mean temperature is 27 ± 1 DEG C.Colony house is 0.6 × 1.22m sizes, full crack
Plate.The interior Routine Management programs according to pig farm of 2d carry out disconnected navel, dock, cut tooth and overbit piercing after piglet birth, routinely manage
Program carries out expelling parasite and is immunized.Nursing period is 28d, and creep feed is not supplied before wean.Experimental period powder is fed, and institute in experimental period
There are piglet free choice feeding, free water.
Testing index and method
(1) measure of Free Amino Acid in Plasma, ammonia and urea
The μ L of plasma sample 40 are taken in 1.5mL centrifuge tubes, add 40 μ L 1.5mol/L HClO4Isolating protein is removed, and is added
Enter 20 μ L K2CO3To neutralize pH value of solution, and 25 times are diluted with 900 μ L hplc grade waters, 10,000 × g centrifugations 10min is heavy to remove
Form sediment.Supernatant after neutralization is used to analyzing amino acid content therein, assay method as described in Wu and Meininger (Wu G,
Meininger CJ.Analysis of citrulline,arginine,and methylarginines using high-
performance liquid chromatography.Methods Enzymol.2008;440:177-189).
Take the content of 1mL supernatant Waters liquid chromatographic systems measure amino acid derivativges.Chromatographic column is amino acid
Chromatographic column specially (Waters Novapak C18 posts), UV-detector wavelength is set as 254nm.The concentration of amino acid in sample
It is calculated by the comparison with amino acid standard items.Ammonia and Plasma Urea are according to enzymatic assays (Mateo RD, Wu in blood plasma
G,Bazer FW,et al.Dietary L-arginine supplementation enhances the reproductive
performance of gilts.J Nutr.2007;137:652-656.).
(2) measure of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized form of glutathione (GSSG) in blood plasma
The μ L of plasma sample 200 are taken in 1.5mL centrifuge tubes, add 100 μ L homogenate buffers (1.5mol/L HClO4,w/
v;0.2mol/L boric acid) mix, then with 50 μ L 2mol/L K2CO3Neutralize.10,000 × g centrifuges 1min, takes supernatant, utilizes
HPLC measure reduced form (GSH) and oxidized form (GSSG) glutathione, assay method Rezaei etc. methods described measure (Rezaei
R,Wang W,Wu Z,et al.Biochemical and physiological bases for utilization of
dietary amino acids by young Pigs.J Anim Sci Biotechnol.2013;4:7).
(3) measure of piglet body composition
After testing d 14 (42 age in days) blood sampling end 2h, every group randomly selects 6 piglets, the free from worries 10mg/kg of intramuscular injection
Body weight is anaesthetized, and jugular vein bloodletting is lethal, measure piglet body composition.After piglet removes intestinal contents, whole body is used certainly
Dynamic cutmixer Seydelmann Cutter K64 (Strasser companies, Germany) homogenate.Dry, thick protein, carbon water
Compound and crude ash content determine (Kim SW, Wu G.Dietary arginine supplementation with standard method
enhances the growth of milk-fed young pigs.J Nutr.2004;134:625-630.).
Statistical analysis
Using single pig individual as statistical unit, feed intake is counted daily gain data with enclosing as statistical unit using SAS 9.1
One-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) carries out statistical analysis, P in software<0.05 represents significant difference.It is if poor between each group
It is different notable, then group difference is examined using Student-Newman-Keuls Multiple range tests method.
As a result
1 daily ration adds influence of the glycine to Growth Performance of Weaning Piglets
As shown in Table 3, glycine is added into corn soybean diet compared with control group, can dose-dependently be carried
High weanling pig d 7 and d 14 body weight (P<0.05).In daily ration addition 0.75 or 1.5% glycine compared with control group,
It is remarkably improved weanling pig d 0-7 and d 0-14 piglet average daily gain (P<0.05);The glycine of daily ration addition 1.5%
Compared with control group, weanling pig d 7-14 piglet average daily gain (P is remarkably improved<0.05).In addition, added in daily ration
1.5% glycine, compared with control group, it is remarkably improved (P<0.05) piglet of d 0-7, d 7-14 and experiment full period is put down
Equal daily ingestion amount (g/d).And the average daily gain represented with g/kg body weight/d also there were significant differences between each group (P<0.05),
As shown in table 4.Also, glycine is added in daily ration compared with control group, d 0-7 and d 0-14 baby pig feedstuff weight can be significantly reduced
Than improving the feed efficiency (P of piglet<0.05), but between different glycine addition groups (0.75% and 1.5%), feed
Transformation efficiency is without significant difference (P>0.05).
Influence of the 2 daily ration glycine to weanling pig Free Amino
Influence of the glycine to experiment 7d and 14d weanling pig Plasma Concentrations of Free Amino Acids is added in daily ration to distinguish
As shown in table 5 and table 6.Glycine is added in daily ration, compared with control group, can dose-dependently significantly improve experiment 7d and
Content (the P of free glycine in 14d weanling pig blood plasma<0.05).Compared with control group (0% glycine), add in daily ration
Add 0.75% and 1.5% glycine, the content (P for the serine that dissociates in blood plasma can be dramatically increased<0.05).In addition, in daily ration
0.75% and 1.5% glycine of addition can significantly reduce the content (P of weanling pig blood plasma GLN<0.05), and
Significant difference (P be present in the glutamine content between 0.75% and 1% addition group>0.05).Add 0.75% and 1.5% sweet ammonia
Acid does not make significant difference (P to the contents of other amino acid in weanling pig blood plasma>0.05).
The daily ration of table 3 adds influence of the glycine to Growth Performance of Weaning Piglets1
Note:1a-d:Colleague's average has different shoulder marks, significant difference (P<0.05).
2Data presentation technique is that average is missed with merging average, body weight and daily gain n=24, feed intake n=8.
3D 0 represents 28 ages in days.
The daily ration of table 4 adds influence of the glycine to weanling pig average daily gain (g/kg BW/d)1
Note:1a-d:Colleague's average has different shoulder marks, significant difference (P<0.05).
2Data presentation technique is that average is missed with merging average, feed intake n=8.
The daily ration of table 5 adds influence (μm ol/L) of the glycine to 35 age in days weanling pig Free Aminos1
Note:1Piglet is weaned in 28 ages in days;a-d:Colleague's average has different shoulder marks, significant difference (P<0.05).
2Data presentation technique is that average is missed with merging average, n=16.
3Free cysteine content+1/2 is dissociated cystine.
The daily ration of table 6 adds influence (μm ol/L) of the glycine to 42 age in days weanling pig Free Aminos1
Note:1a-d:Colleague's average has different shoulder marks, significant difference (P<0.05).
2Data presentation technique is that average is missed with merging average, n=16.
3Free cysteine content+1/2 is dissociated cystine.
Influence of the 3 daily ration glycine to weanling pig plasma ammonia, urea and glutathione concentrations
Glycine is added in daily ration to experiment 7d and 14d weanling pigs plasma ammonia, urea and glutathione content
Influence as shown in table 7.Glycine is added in daily ration can dose-dependently reduce urea in 35 and 42 age in days weanling pig blood plasma
With the content (P of blood ammonia<0.05) GSH contents are improved, and dose-dependently, reduce GSSG and GSH ratio (P<0.05).Separately
Outside, glycine is added in daily ration compared with control group, GSSG contents (P can be significantly reduced<0.05).
Shadow of the glycine to 35 and 42 age in days weanling pig plasma ammonias, urea and glutathione concentrations is added in the daily ration of table 7
Ring (μm ol/L)1
Note:1Piglet is weaned in 28 ages in days;a-d:Colleague's average has different shoulder marks, significant difference (P<0.05).
2Data presentation technique is that average is missed with merging average, n=16.
3Data are expressed as a μm ol/ μm of ol.
The influence that 4 daily ration glycine form to weanling pig body
As shown in table 2-26, moisture accounts for the 69.0% of 42 age in days piglet bodies composition, and thick protein is piglet body dry
The most abundant nutritional ingredient of content in matter composition.But glycine is added in daily ration and has no effect on piglet body composition (P>0.05).
The influence that glycine forms to 42 age in days piglet bodies is added in the corn soybean diet of table 81
Note:1Data are represented (%) with the percentage of percentage of liveweight.
2Data presentation technique is that average is missed with merging average, n=6.
3CH2O:Carbohydrate.
4 discuss
The inventors discovered that 0.75% He is added into 28-42 ages in days (body weight 8.5-14.5kg) weanling pig substitute breast milk
1.5% glycine can significantly improve weanling pig in experiment d compared with other two groups while body composition is not influenceed
Body weight during 7 and d 14, and the average daily gain of d 0-7 and d 0-14 piglets;And the glycine of daily ration addition 1.5% is notable
Improve the average daily gain of d 7-14 piglets.But glycine is added in daily ration can not improve 2wk and test the disconnected of full period
Milk pig starter feed transformation efficiency.And because the addition of glycine, piglet feed intake dramatically increase.It is worth noting that, in daily ration
Glycine is added, compared with control group, significantly reduces the feed-weight ratio of piglet, after showing that daily ration addition glycine improves wean
Piglet is used to grow and proteins deposited efficiency of feed utilization.
Influence of the glycine to plasma free glycine and serine in weanling pig is added in daily ration by studying, is obtained
Such as draw a conclusion:The glycine of addition 0.75% and 1.5% linearly improves in daily ration, tests sweet in 14d weanling pig blood plasma
Histidine content amplification is up to 1.9 and 2.7 times;But plasma serine content then amplification it is relatively slow (<1.5 times), and not with daily ration
The increase of glycine addition linearly changes.The glycine dose dependent of 0.75%, 1.5% sum of addition reduces lactation son
Glycine is added in the content daily ration of Swine plasma GLN and also make it that the content of ammonia and urea reduces in weanling pig blood plasma.
Therefore, the present inventor also demonstrates on weanling pig:The de novo formation of Animal muscles and its hetero-organization glutamine is with day
The addition of glycine in grain and reduce.On the other hand, when estimating the amino acid requirement of animal, Plasma Urea content is also usually
It is used as reflecting one of index.With the addition of certain amino acid in daily ration, the plasma urea concentrations of piglet decline, and illustrate piglet
The utilization ratio increase of nitrogen, urea synthesizing amount in daily ration are reduced.I.e. when Plasma Urea touches the bottom, illustrate piglet to this
The requirement of kind amino acid is met.The present inventor, which tests, to be found, daily ration addition glycine causes in weanling pig blood plasma
Urea content reduces, and when glycine addition is 1.5% in daily ration, Plasma Urea content is minimum, i.e., 1.5% glycine adds
Add the dietary protein utilization ratio highest of group piglet.
The inventors discovered that 0.75% and 1.5% glycine is added into weanling pig daily ration, compared with control group,
Make the GSH contents in piglet blood that 15% and 27% be respectively increased.It can be seen that into typical corn-dregs of beans daily ration of weanling pig
Addition glycine can effectively alleviate the piglet vivo oxidation stress situation as caused by wean, and in daily ration addition 1.5% it is sweet
Propylhomoserin best results.
5 conclusions
It is young can to significantly improve 8-15kg wean compared with other groups for the glycine of addition 0.75% or 1.5% in daily ration
Pig average daily gain and average daily gain;And 8-15kg wean sons can also be improved by adding 0.75% and 1.5% glycine
The feed efficiency of pig.
In addition, the addition of glycine makes dissociate in weanling pig blood plasma Glycine Levels and reduced glutathione in daily ration
Content increase, and the ratio of glutamine, ammonia, urea and oxidized form of glutathione content and oxidized form and reduced glutathione
Value reduces, and 1.5% glycine addition group best results.
As a result show, the glycine that 1.5% is added into the corn soybean diet of 8-15kg weanling pigs is more beneficial for it
The performance of optimum growh performance and anti-ablactation stress function.Therefore, glycine is also the trophism of piglet after the wean of 28-42 ages in days
Essential amino acid.
Claims (6)
1. using glycine as the feed addictive of active ingredient.
2. feed addictive described in glycine or claim 1 is following using 1) to the application in any one in 6):
1) growth performance of weanling pig is improved;
2) content of free glycine in weanling pig blood plasma is improved;
3) content of reduced glutathione in weanling pig blood plasma is improved;
4) content of weanling pig blood plasma GLN, ammonia, urea and oxidized form of glutathione is reduced;
5) ratio of oxidized form and reduced glutathione in weanling pig blood plasma is reduced.
3. application according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:The application comprises the following steps:
The glycine is added in the daily ration of the weanling pig.
4. the application according to Claims 2 or 3, it is characterised in that:The amount ratio of the glycine and daily ration is 0.75g-
1.5g:1kg.
5. according to any described application in claim 2-4, it is characterised in that:The average weight of the weanling pig is 8-
15kg;Age in days is 28-42 days.
6. according to any described application in claim 2-5, it is characterised in that:It is described to apply 1) as follows using a, using b
Or using c:
The application a is:Improve the feed intake of weanling pig;
The application b is:Improve the daily gain of weanling pig;
The application c is:Reduce the feedstuff-meat ratio of weanling pig.
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CN108029863B (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2021-07-27 | 广州英赛特生物技术有限公司 | Application of butyrylglycine and derivative thereof in preparation of animal feed additive |
CN110506853A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2019-11-29 | 广州英赛特生物技术有限公司 | Application of the N- glycyl glutamine in animal feed additive |
CN109043148A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2018-12-21 | 建德市维丰饲料有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of feed stripped premix and products thereof and application |
CN110225706A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2019-09-10 | 黄华成 | Aspartic acid derivate is preparing the application in animal feed additive |
CN111700179A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-25 | 湖南师范大学 | Feed additive for improving antioxidant stress capability of piglets and application thereof |
CN112369518A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-19 | 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所 | Piglet feed and application thereof |
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