CN107425237B - Rectangular waveguide TE10Mode-to-circular waveguide TE21Mode exciter for a mode - Google Patents

Rectangular waveguide TE10Mode-to-circular waveguide TE21Mode exciter for a mode Download PDF

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CN107425237B
CN107425237B CN201710540344.5A CN201710540344A CN107425237B CN 107425237 B CN107425237 B CN 107425237B CN 201710540344 A CN201710540344 A CN 201710540344A CN 107425237 B CN107425237 B CN 107425237B
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waveguide
mode
circular waveguide
rectangular waveguide
circular
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CN107425237A (en
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徐勇
王兆栋
李洋
孙淼
彭延会
宗帅
罗勇
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/16—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion
    • H01P1/163—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion specifically adapted for selection or promotion of the TE01 circular-electric mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing waveguides or resonators, lines, or other devices of the waveguide type

Abstract

The invention relates to a rectangular waveguide TE10Mode-to-circular waveguide TE21Mode exciter for a modeThe design method is characterized in that the working wavelength of the mode exciter is lambda and comprises a rectangular waveguide and a circular waveguide; the rectangular waveguide comprises an input port and an output port; the circular waveguide comprises a short-circuit surface and an output port, the end of the output port of the rectangular waveguide is obliquely embedded into the circular waveguide and is far away from the working wavelength of the short-circuit surface 1/4, so that electromagnetic waves are transmitted from the input port of the rectangular waveguide to the output port of the circular waveguide, and mode excitation of the circular waveguide is realized; the narrow side of the rectangular waveguide is vertical to the axis of the circular waveguide, and the included angle between the central line of the rectangular waveguide and the axis of the circular waveguide is theta; the length of the rectangular waveguide is 1-2 times of the working wavelength, and the length of the circular waveguide is 5-7 times of the working wavelength. The mode exciter has simple structure, and the working frequency band and the mode conversion efficiency can meet the requirement of TE in a gyrotron traveling wave tube high-frequency system21The requirement for measurement of the propagation properties of the mode.

Description

Rectangular waveguide TE10Mode-to-circular waveguide TE21Mode exciter for a mode
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-power microwave and millimeter wave, and particularly relates to a circular waveguide TE applied to high-frequency system measurement of a high-power millimeter wave gyrotron traveling wave tube21A mode exciter.
Background
Rectangular waveguide TE10To circular waveguide TE21The mode exciter is widely applied to microwave measurement (such as TE in a gyrotron traveling wave tube high-frequency system)21Mode propagation characteristic measurement, etc.), satellite communications, satellite-borne radar, microwave power synthesis, etcAnd (4) passive devices. Conventional rectangular waveguide TE10To circular waveguide TE21The mode exciter mainly adopts a structure of coaxial waveguide coupling and porous waveguide coupling.
The structure of coaxial waveguide coupling is that TE of rectangular waveguide is firstly coupled10Mode conversion to coaxial cavity TE411Mode (wherein the relative position of the rectangular waveguide and the coaxial resonant cavity is that the axial direction of the rectangular waveguide is perpendicular to the axial direction of the coaxial resonant cavity), and then TE of the coaxial resonant cavity is connected through four rectangular coupling slits411TE in mode-switched circular waveguide21A mode (wherein, the relative position of the coaxial resonant cavity and the circular waveguide is that the axial direction of the coaxial resonant cavity is parallel to the axial direction of the circular waveguide, the circular waveguide is arranged in the coaxial resonant cavity, and four coupling slits are arranged on the common plane of the circular waveguide and the coaxial resonant cavity).
The porous waveguide coupling structure is that the rectangular waveguide and the circular waveguide are axially arranged in parallel, one narrow side of the rectangular waveguide is coplanar with the outer side of the circular waveguide, a row of small holes in specific distribution are formed on the central line of the narrow side of the rectangular waveguide, which is coplanar with the outer side of the circular waveguide, and TE in the rectangular waveguide can be coupled by controlling the hole radius, the thickness and the hole-to-hole distance of the small holes10Most of the energy of the mode is coupled into the circular waveguide to form TE21And (5) molding.
But the above-mentioned conventional structure of TE10Mode-to-circular waveguide TE21The mode exciter of the die has the defects of complex structure and high processing and assembling difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a rectangular waveguide TE10Mode-to-circular waveguide TE21The mode exciter has simple structure, and the working frequency band and mode conversion efficiency can satisfy the requirement of TE in a gyrotron traveling wave tube high-frequency system21The requirement for measurement of the propagation properties of the mode.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
rectangular waveguide TE10Mode-to-circular waveguide TE21Mode exciters of mode, including rectangular and circular waveguides(ii) a The mode exciter has an operating wavelength of lambda, and the rectangular waveguide comprises an input port and an output port; the circular waveguide comprises a short-circuit surface and an output port, the output port end of the rectangular waveguide is obliquely embedded into the circular waveguide and is away from the short-circuit surface 1/4 for operating wavelength, so that electromagnetic waves are transmitted from the input port of the rectangular waveguide to the output port of the circular waveguide, and mode excitation of the circular waveguide is realized; the narrow edge of the rectangular waveguide is perpendicular to the axis of the circular waveguide, and the included angle between the central line of the rectangular waveguide and the axis of the circular waveguide is theta; the length of the rectangular waveguide is 1-2 times of the working wavelength, and the length of the circular waveguide is 5-7 times of the working wavelength.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the working frequency band is wide, the mode conversion efficiency is high, and the relative bandwidth of the mode conversion efficiency which is more than 90% is more than 15%;
2. the structure is simple, the processing and the assembly are easy, the waveguide is directly formed by a standard rectangular waveguide and a regular circular waveguide, and the processing and the manufacturing can be finished by adopting simple lathing and milling processes.
The invention also provides an oblique incidence type rectangular waveguide TE10Mode-to-circular waveguide TE21A method of designing a mode exciter comprising the steps of:
(1) determining the wide edge and the narrow edge of the rectangular waveguide according to the working frequency band; determining the cutoff radius of the circular waveguide low-end frequency point working mode according to the working wavelength at the low-end frequency point in the working frequency band:
(2) determining the radius and the length of the circular waveguide according to the cutoff radius of the low-end frequency point working mode:
(3) and determining the position of the rectangular waveguide obliquely embedded into the circular waveguide and the included angle between the central line of the rectangular waveguide and the axis of the circular waveguide according to the working wavelength, the wide edge of the rectangular waveguide and the radius of the circular waveguide.
The method has the beneficial effects that: the structure and the design method are simple, the size of the rectangular waveguide and the circular waveguide is determined simply, and complex calculation is not needed.
Further, an included angle between the center line of the rectangular waveguide and the axis of the circular waveguide is calculated by the following formula:
Figure RE-BDA0001341675780000031
wherein R is the radius of the circular waveguide mu'21And a is the root of the derivative of the Bessel function, a is the wide side of the rectangular waveguide, k is the wave number k of the electromagnetic wave, namely 2 pi/lambda, and lambda is the working wavelength of the electromagnetic wave at the central frequency point.
The method has the beneficial effects that: the calculation is simple, the result is accurate, and good effect can be obtained without optimization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional block diagram of a mode exciter;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the mode exciter;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the mode exciter;
FIG. 4 is a left side view of the mode exciter;
FIG. 5 is a right side view of the mode exciter;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the transmission parameter S21 of the mode exciter versus the operating frequency Ka band;
FIG. 7 is a plot of reflection parameter S11 versus operating frequency Ka band for a mode exciter;
in the figure: 1-an input port of a rectangular waveguide; 2-a rectangular waveguide; 3-short circuit surface of circular waveguide; 4-circular waveguide; 5-output port of circular waveguide.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to FIGS. 1 to 5, the present invention provides a rectangular waveguide TE10Mode-to-circular waveguide TE21A mode exciter of a mode, comprising a rectangular waveguide 2 and a circular waveguide 4; the mode exciter has an operating wavelength λ, and the rectangular waveguide 2 includes an input port 1 and an output port (not shown because it is not visible); the circular waveguide 4 comprises a short-circuit surface 3 and an output port 5, and the output of the rectangular waveguide 2The outlet port end is obliquely embedded into the circular waveguide 4 and is away from the 1/4 working wavelength of the short-circuit surface 3, so that electromagnetic waves are transmitted from the input port 1 of the rectangular waveguide 2 to the output port 5 of the circular waveguide 4, and mode excitation of the circular waveguide 4 is realized; the narrow side of the rectangular waveguide 2 is perpendicular to the axis of the circular waveguide 4, and the included angle between the central line of the rectangular waveguide 2 and the axis of the circular waveguide 4 is theta; the length of the rectangular waveguide 2 is 1-2 times of the working wavelength, and the length of the circular waveguide 4 is 5-7 times of the working wavelength.
To realize TE of the rectangular waveguide 210TE of mode-to-circular waveguide 421Efficient, broadband operation of mode exciters of the mode, the design of which requires determination of the optimum angle for the theta angle.
Since the dimensions of the wide side a and the narrow side b of the rectangular waveguide 2 are determined by the known operating band, and the radius R of the circular waveguide 4 can also be determined by the cutoff radius of the low-end frequency point operating mode, the TE of the rectangular waveguide 210Phase constant β of mode10And TE in the circular waveguide 421Phase constant β of mode21It can be determined from the size of the rectangular waveguide 2 and the size of the circular waveguide 4, respectively.
When the wide side a of the rectangular waveguide 2, the TE of the rectangular waveguide 210Phase constant β of mode10And TE in the circular waveguide 421Phase constant β of mode21And an angle θ between the center line of the rectangular waveguide 2 (the direction in which the electromagnetic wave propagates) and the axis of the circular waveguide 4 satisfies the following relationship:
β21(a/sin(θ))＝β10(a/tan(θ)) (1)
the optimum angle for the angle theta can be found.
By the electromagnetic wave propagation theory, when the propagation loss is ignored, the electromagnetic wave satisfies the following relationship when transmitting:
Figure RE-BDA0001341675780000041
k is the electromagnetic wave number, kcFor the cut-off wavenumber, β is the phase constant.
The wave number k of the electromagnetic wave is determined by
k＝2π/λ (3)
Wherein λ is the operating wavelength of the electromagnetic wave at the center frequency point.
For TE10Cut-off wavenumber and TE of mode21The cutoff wavenumber of the mode can be obtained by the following formula:
Figure RE-BDA0001341675780000051
Figure RE-BDA0001341675780000052
wherein a is the wide side of the rectangular waveguide 2, R is the radius of the circular waveguide 4, mu'21Is the root of the derivative of the bezier function.
The radius R of the circular waveguide 4 is equal to the cutoff radius R of the low-end frequency point working modecDetermining:
Figure RE-BDA0001341675780000053
wherein C is the speed of light in vacuum, f1The low end frequency point of operation.
Determining an operating central frequency point and an operating wavelength of an electromagnetic wave at the central frequency point according to the operating frequency band, wherein the operating central frequency point of the electromagnetic wave is determined by the following formula:
Figure RE-BDA0001341675780000054
in the formula (f)1Is the lower frequency point of the working wave band, f2Is the upper frequency point of the working wave band.
The operating wavelength of the electromagnetic wave at the center frequency point is determined by the following equation:
Figure RE-BDA0001341675780000055
TE can be finally obtained by the series of formulas01-TE21The corresponding relation between the radius R of the circular waveguide 4 at the output end of the mode exciter and the included angle theta between the rectangular waveguide 2 at the input end and the axis of the circular waveguide 4 is as follows:
Figure RE-BDA0001341675780000056
wherein R is the radius of the circular waveguide 4 mu'21The derivative root of the Bessel function is a broad side of the rectangular waveguide 2, k is the wave number k of the electromagnetic wave 2 pi/lambda, and lambda is the operating wavelength of the electromagnetic wave at the central frequency point.
In addition, the present invention provides a rectangular waveguide TE10Mode-to-circular waveguide TE21A method of designing a mode exciter comprising the steps of:
(1) determining the wide side and the narrow side of the rectangular waveguide 2 according to the working frequency band; determining the cut-off radius of the working mode of the low-end frequency point of the circular waveguide 4 according to the working wavelength of the low-end frequency point in the working frequency band:
a. the working frequency is in Ka wave band (from 26.5GHz to 40.0GHz), the central frequency is 33.25GHz, and the working wavelength of the electromagnetic wave at the central frequency point is about 9 mm; the cross-sectional dimensions of the rectangular band we chose are: BJ320 (national standard)/WR 28 (International) waveguide with 7.112 mm wide side and 3.556 mm narrow side; the length of the rectangular waveguide 2 is 1-2 times of the free space wavelength of the electromagnetic wave at the central frequency point, and is about 16 mm.
b: the low-end frequency point is 26.5GHz and the TE thereof21Cutoff radius R of diecIs 5.5 mm.
(2) Determining the radius and the length of the circular waveguide according to the cutoff radius of the low-end frequency point working mode:
a. the radius of the circular waveguide 4 is larger than the cutoff radius of the low-end frequency point operating mode, and since the cutoff radius of the TE21 mode at the low-end frequency point of 26.5GHz is 5.5 mm, the radius of the circular waveguide 4 in this example is selected to be 5.7 mm.
b. The length of the circular waveguide 4 is 5-7 times of the free space wavelength of the electromagnetic wave at the central frequency point, and is about 50 mm.
(3) And determining the position of the rectangular waveguide 2 obliquely embedded into the circular waveguide and the included angle between the central line of the rectangular waveguide 2 and the axis of the circular waveguide 4 according to the working wavelength, the wide edge of the rectangular waveguide 2 and the radius of the circular waveguide.
a. The input port 1 of the rectangular waveguide 2 is directly and obliquely inserted into the circular waveguide 4 at a wavelength of 1/4 from the short-circuited facet 3 of the circular waveguide 4, which is approximately 2 mm.
b. The angle between the center line of the rectangular waveguide 2 and the axis of the circular waveguide 4 is calculated by equation (9), and the angle θ between the center line of the rectangular waveguide 2 and the axis of the circular waveguide 4 is calculated to be about 53 degrees.
The TE of the rectangular waveguide 2 of the Ka wave band can be completed through the steps10Mode to TE21Designing a mode broadband mode exciter, and then establishing a 3-dimensional model on HFSS high-frequency simulation software for simulation verification.
As shown in FIG. 6, the TE of the mode exciter is in the frequency range of 27GHz-30.5GHz10To the TE21The transmission parameter of (a) is above-0.5 dB.
As shown in FIG. 7, the TE of the mode exciter is in the frequency range of 27GHz-30.5GHz10The reflection parameters of the modes are below-10 dB.
The invention can be suitable for rectangular waveguide TE of other frequency bands10Mode to TE21A mode exciter.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the working frequency band is wide, the mode conversion efficiency is high, and the relative bandwidth of the mode conversion efficiency which is more than 90% is more than 15%.
2. The structure is simple, the processing and the assembly are easy, the waveguide is directly formed by one rectangular waveguide and one regular circular waveguide, and the processing and the manufacturing can be finished by adopting simple lathing and milling processes.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (1)

1. Rectangular waveguide TE10Mode-to-circular waveguide TE21The mode exciter of the mode comprises a rectangular waveguide and a circular waveguide, and the working wavelength of the mode exciter is lambda; the circular waveguide comprises a short-circuit surface and an output port, the output port end of the rectangular waveguide is obliquely embedded into the circular waveguide and is away from the 1/4 working wavelength of the short-circuit surface of the circular waveguide, so that electromagnetic waves are transmitted from the input port of the rectangular waveguide to the output port of the circular waveguide, and mode excitation of the circular waveguide is realized; the narrow edge of the rectangular waveguide is perpendicular to the axis of the circular waveguide, and the included angle between the central line of the rectangular waveguide and the axis of the circular waveguide is theta; the length of the rectangular waveguide is 1-2 times of the working wavelength, and the length of the circular waveguide is 5-7 times of the working wavelength;
the included angle between the central line of the rectangular waveguide and the axis of the circular waveguide is calculated by the following formula:
Figure FDA0002285544880000011
wherein R is the radius of the circular waveguide,
Figure FDA0002285544880000012
and a is the root of the derivative of the Bessel function, a is the dimension of the wide side of the rectangular waveguide, k is the wave number k of the electromagnetic wave, namely 2 pi/lambda, and lambda is the working wavelength of the electromagnetic wave at the central frequency point.
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CN111969288A (en) * 2020-07-09 2020-11-20 电子科技大学 Oblique multipath synthesis gyrotron traveling wave tube TE02Mode input coupler
CN112420470B (en) * 2020-11-16 2022-03-15 电子科技大学 Four-section type medium loading cyclotron traveling wave tube high-frequency interaction structure
CN112531312B (en) * 2020-11-30 2022-04-12 华中科技大学 Microwave synthesis device for improving power output
CN112615123B (en) * 2020-12-16 2021-12-03 电子科技大学 Angular power division waveguide structure applied to medium-loaded gyrotron traveling wave tube
CN112886159B (en) * 2021-01-13 2021-12-03 上海科技大学 Broadband silicon-based metal waveguide rectangular-circular mode converter
CN113161216B (en) * 2021-02-28 2022-07-29 电子科技大学 Compact double-confocal waveguide cyclotron traveling wave tube input coupler
CN114512387B (en) * 2021-12-31 2023-08-01 电子科技大学 Distributed radiation coupling loss circuit applied to rotary traveling wave tube
CN115458890B (en) * 2022-08-31 2023-08-08 电子科技大学 Ridge loading oblique-in type multipath synthesized TE03 mode input coupler

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CN105914117A (en) * 2016-04-20 2016-08-31 电子科技大学 Confocal waveguide broadband input coupling device

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105914117A (en) * 2016-04-20 2016-08-31 电子科技大学 Confocal waveguide broadband input coupling device

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