CN107421644A - The air remote sensing evaluation method of the complete surface temperature in city - Google Patents
The air remote sensing evaluation method of the complete surface temperature in city Download PDFInfo
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- CN107421644A CN107421644A CN201710748440.9A CN201710748440A CN107421644A CN 107421644 A CN107421644 A CN 107421644A CN 201710748440 A CN201710748440 A CN 201710748440A CN 107421644 A CN107421644 A CN 107421644A
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- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000000697 sensory organ Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003331 infrared imaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/007—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry for earth observation
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of air remote sensing evaluation method of the complete surface temperature in city, belong to the research field of urban surface temperature remote sensing appraising.Its step is：The line of flight is determined according to destination；Made a flight test according to prebriefed pattern, obtain urban surface thermal infrared images；Thermal infrared images is pre-processed；Carry out complete surface temperature estimation.The present invention considers that city three-dimensional structure is complicated, underlying surface component temperature difference is greatly and traditional remote sensing caused by sensor limited viewing angle can not directly obtain the difficulty of complete surface temperature, provides simple and effective air remote sensing in the complete surface temperature evaluation method in city.The inventive method strong adaptability, the complete surface temperature in city can be accurately estimated, disclosure satisfy that the needs of actual production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of air remote sensing evaluation method of the complete surface temperature in city, belongs to urban surface temperature remote sensing
The research field of estimation.
Background technology
Urban surface temperature is to reflect city underlying surface radiation and the key parameter of energy budget, in urban climate and environment
Played an important role in research.Thermal infrared remote sensing is the important means for obtaining a wide range of urban surface temperature.However, thermal infrared
Remote sensing is generally only capable of obtaining thermal radiation information (i.e. direction radiation temperature of the underlying surface in some or certain several specific directionsθ withRespectively view zenith angle and azimuth), and larger difference be present in the different angle thermal radiation information obtained
It is different, it is difficult to which that obtaining has the representational complete city underlying surface true temperature of all directions.
In order to obtain more representative underlying surface surface temperature, academia surrounds urban surface thermal emission directionality rule
Observation and simulation etc. have achieved fruitful progress, build and demonstrate a series of city underlying surface heat radiation directions
Property forward direction simulation model.Experimental observation shows with theoretical modeling result, city underlying surface compared to natural terrain (using vegetation as
It is main) show significantly more " hot spot-effect ", its thermal emission directionality intensity clear sky the meridian hour may be up to 10K even with
On, but directionality intensity reduces rapidly in post sunset.In view of the complexity of Urban surface structure, then gradually emerge in large numbers in recent years
The kernel-driven model of the reverse inverting of city underlying surface thermal emission directionality or reconstruction, this class model can be in known a few directionsScene under realize the full simulation of episphere space radiation temperature, present and temperature radiated to city underlying surface direction
DegreeCarry out the potentiality of angle correction.
The studies above is intended to the positive simulation of thermal emission directionality or will mostlyIt is corrected to zenith direction.In fact,
It is the optimum parameter for reflecting radiation and energy exchange between city underlying surface and air that the Remote Sensing temperature of zenith direction, which is not,.Have
In consideration of it, Voogt＆Oke proposes the complete surface temperature in city (Complete urban surface temperature, Tc)
Concept (weighted sum for being defined as component surface temperature and its component ratio under three-dimensional view angle).Its result of study shows, TcPhase
Than inCan preferably serve the acceptance branch estimation of city underlying surface-atmospheric energy, the simulation of underlying surface surface flux and
Urban heat land effect strength assessment and.Binding experiment is observed, and the standard of Voogt and Oke once complete surface temperatures of direct basis is determined
Justice positively calculates Tc.These researchs confirm TcLarger difference between zenith direction radiation temperature be present, and tentatively show to pass
The directionality observation comprising more shades may be with T in sensor visual fieldcIt is closer to.The further tables of Roberts and Adderley
Bright hemispherical radiation meter surveys hemispherical radiation temperature and can be used for approaching Tc。
Although TcRemote sensing appraising achieved preliminary progress, but may is that because using remote sensing be difficult to obtain three-dimensional regard
Each component surface temperature and its component ratio under angle, still lack more ripe method at this stage and be used for remote sensing appraising Tc.Specifically
For, there is following problem still unclear：(1) under the scene of single observation angle, if exist and general more accurately approach
TcOptimized remote sensing observation visual angle/ken.(2), can be by the case where possessing the scene of multiple angle direction radiation temperatures observation
In the hemisphere integral temperature that thermal infrared kernel-driven model is rebuild to approach Tc。
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to propose to a kind of only by air remote sensing temperature data, that is, ground is not needed to survey detailed earth's surface
Structure and surface component temperature, carry out the simple and effective method of the air remote sensing estimation of the complete surface temperature in city.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the side of the air remote sensing estimation of the complete surface temperature in city provided by the invention
Method, comprise the following steps：
The first step, the line of flight determined according to destination --- it is determined that research purpose position and on the basis of the flight moment
Planning boat flies route, specifically includes three course line strategies；Course line strategy 1：At the experiment moment, by prearranged altitude, aircraft hangs down
Directly flown in the direction of sun principal plane directly over research area, the view zenith angle of thermal infrared sensor is at 45~60 °, side
Parallactic angle is consistent with aircraft direction of advance；Course line strategy 2：Aircraft is in certain altitude, circular flight, sensor centered on studying area
All the time towards research area, and the view zenith angle of thermal infrared sensor is 60 ° under the state；Course line strategy 3：S-N is pressed respectively,
NW-SE, E-W, SW-NE fly in tetra- courses research area overhead, and study the center in area close to flight path, should during
The view zenith angle of thermal infrared sensor is in -60~60 ° of changes so that the direction radiation temperature of acquisition is uniformly distributed as far as possible
In upper half spherical space；
Second step, flight experiment is carried out, obtains earth's surface thermal infrared images --- carry out flight experiment, heat according to prebriefed pattern
Infrared sensor obtains earth's surface thermal infrared images, and the earth's surface thermal infrared images includes temperature information and positional information；
3rd step, thermal infrared images pretreatment --- specifically include：(1), believed by the position coordinates of thermal infrared images attribute
Breath and research district center position coordinates, calculate the instantaneous zenith angle of image taking and orientation angles；(2), obtained by course line strategy 1
The direction radiation temperature arrivedθ is the view zenith angle of thermal infrared sensor,For the observed bearing of thermal infrared sensor
Angle；(3), in all direction radiation temperatures that course line strategy 2 obtains, to observed azimuth from 0-360 °, view zenith angle is 60 °
Direction radiation temperature in the range of this carries out integration and tries to achieve the first solid angle integral temperature T1(Ω1), Ω1For observed azimuth
From 0-360 °, view zenith angle is 60 ° of scope；(4), in all direction radiation temperatures obtained from course line strategy 3 choose 3~
The value of 5 its observation positions spatially distribution uniform, episphere is rebuild by Vinnikov thermal infrared kernel-driven model
The angled direction radiation temperature of institute, to observed azimuth from 0-360 °, direction of 20-90 ° of the view zenith angle in the range of this
Radiation temperature carries out integration and tries to achieve the second solid angle integral temperature T2(Ω2), Ω2It is observed azimuth from 0-360 °, observes zenith
Angle is 20-90 ° of scope；
4th step, the complete surface temperature estimation in city --- it is specific as follows：(1), the zenith angle obtained by course line strategy 1 exists
45~60 °, direction radiation temperature of the azimuth perpendicular to sun principal planeExactly approach complete surface temperature TcMost
Temperature value T under excellent remote sensing observations visual angleova；(2), the first solid angle integral temperature T obtained by course line strategy 21(Ω1) replace
Complete surface temperature TcResearch for urban Heat Environment；(3), the second solid angle integral temperature T obtained by course line strategy 32
(Ω2) replace complete surface temperature TcResearch for urban Heat Environment；When carrying out urban Heat Environment research, consider to use first
First solid angle integral temperature T1(Ω1) substitute complete surface temperature Tc, in the first solid angle integral temperature T1(Ω1) can not obtain
When, consideration uses the second solid angle integral temperature T2(Ω2) replace complete surface temperature Tc, in first, second three-dimensional angular integral temperature
When degree can not obtain, the temperature value T under optimized remote sensing observation visual angleovaInstead of complete surface temperature Tc。
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention also has feature further below：
1st, in the first step, the direction radiation temperature quantity that course line strategy 3 obtains is not less than 10.
2nd, the air remote sensing evaluation method of the complete surface temperature in city according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
State in the 3rd step, the first solid angle integral temperature asks calculation formula as follows：
Wherein, N1It is Ω1In the range of direction radiation temperature quantity.
3rd, in the 3rd step, the angled direction of episphere institute is obtained by Vinnikov thermal infrared kernel-driven model
Radiation temperature, formula are as follows：
Φ (θ)=1-cos (θ)
Wherein, θ is view zenith angle, θiRepresent solar zenith angle,The relative bearing of representative sensor and the sun, T0
It is zenith direction radiation temperature, Φ () and Ψ () are respectively to scatter kernel function and sun kernel function, and A and D are scattering respectively
The coefficient of kernel function and sun kernel function.
4th, in the 3rd step, the second solid angle integral temperature asks calculation formula as follows：
Wherein, N2It is Ω2In the range of direction radiation temperature quantity.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
1) the characteristics of, present invention is directed to city direction radiation temperature and complete surface temperature, different directions radiation is analyzed
The relation of temperature, different solid angle integral temperatures and complete surface temperature, it is proposed that air remote sensing city underlying surface temperature survey
Method, effectively simply estimate the complete surface temperature in city.
2), the present invention, which obtains the complete surface temperature in city, can serve city underlying surface-atmospheric energy acceptance branch estimation, use
In improving Heat Island estimated accuracy, sensible heat flux estimated accuracy and city air themperature estimated accuracy etc., promote and support
The lifting of the quantitative level of urban Heat Environment remote sensing.
3), the inventive method strong adaptability, it is proven, can accurately estimates that city is complete using the inventive method
Surface temperature, the needs of actual production are disclosure satisfy that, there is stronger practicality compared to traditional complete surface temperature measurement method.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the inventive method flow chart.
Fig. 2 is solid angle direction radiation temperature and integral domain relation schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the air-mapping aircraft line of flight of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is research object thermal infrared images exemplary plot (zenith direction).
Embodiment
The present invention is elaborated below according to accompanying drawing, the technology path and operating procedure for making the present invention become apparent from.
Think of XT (its parameter is as shown in table 1) is abdicated using airborne thermal infrared imaging camera FLIR to enter research area by prebriefed pattern
Row is taken photo by plane, and obtains thermal infrared images (example such as Fig. 4), thermal infrared images information includes position and temperature information.
XT parameters are thought in the thermal infrared imaging camera FLIR of table 1 buddhists
With reference to flow chart (Fig. 1), implementation process of the present invention is illustrated, technical scheme comprises the following steps：
The first step, the line of flight determined according to destination --- it is determined that research purpose position and on the basis of the flight moment
Planning boat flies route, specifically includes three course line strategies (as shown in Figure 3)；Course line strategy 1：At the experiment moment, by predetermined flight
Highly, aircraft vertical is flown over directly over research area in the direction of sun principal plane, the view zenith angle of thermal infrared sensor
At 45~60 °, azimuth is consistent with aircraft direction of advance；Course line strategy 2：Aircraft is in certain altitude, the ring centered on studying area
Around flight, sensor is all the time towards research area, and the view zenith angle of thermal infrared sensor is 60 ° under the state；Course line strategy
3：S-N, NW-SE, E-W are pressed respectively, and SW-NE flies in tetra- courses research area overhead, and studies the center in area close to flight
Route, the view zenith angle of thermal infrared sensor is in -60~60 ° of changes during being somebody's turn to do so that the direction radiation temperature of acquisition is use up
Upper half spherical space may be evenly distributed in.
Second step, flight experiment being carried out according to prebriefed pattern, thermal infrared sensor obtains earth's surface thermal infrared images, described,
Earth's surface thermal infrared images includes temperature information and positional information.
3rd step, thermal infrared images pretreatment, by location coordinate information and the research district center position of thermal infrared images attribute
Coordinate is put, calculates the instantaneous zenith angle of image taking and orientation angles, the thermal infrared images pixel for selecting survey region calculates
Direction radiation temperature under the observation position.By direction radiation temperature data set, corresponding three kinds of course line strategies respectively obtain optimal
Temperature value T under remote sensing observations visual angleova, the first solid angle integral temperature T1(Ω1) and the second solid angle integral temperature T2
(Ω2).Wherein, TovaThe zenith angle that course line strategy 1 obtains is taken at 45~60 °, direction spoke of the azimuth perpendicular to sun principal plane
Penetrate temperatureT1(Ω1) be in all direction radiation temperatures that course line strategy 2 obtains, to observed azimuth from 0-360 °,
View zenith angle is that 60 ° of direction radiation temperatures in the range of this carry out what integration was tried to achieve；T2(Ω2) it is to be obtained from course line strategy 3
All direction radiation temperatures in choose the value of 3~5 its observation positions spatially distribution uniform, by Vinnikov's
Thermal infrared kernel-driven model rebuilds the angled direction radiation temperature of episphere institute, to observed azimuth from 0-360 °, observes day
Direction radiation temperature of 20-90 ° of the drift angle in the range of this carries out what integration was tried to achieve.As shown in Fig. 2 θ is view zenith angle,For
Observed azimuth, Ω are integral domain,For direction radiation temperature, the solid angle integral temperature in Ω regions is exactly in figure
The sum average value of all direction radiation temperatures in the range of this.
4th step, the T obtained by the step of technical scheme the 3rdova, T1(Ω1) and T2(Ω2) be remote sensing appraising city it is complete
Full surface temperature value, for urban heat island etc. urban Heat Environment research.Consider to use the first solid angle integral temperature first
T1(Ω1) substitute complete surface temperature Tc, in the first solid angle integral temperature T1(Ω1) when can not obtain, consider vertical using second
Body angular integral temperature T2(Ω2) replace complete surface temperature Tc, when first, second solid angle integral temperature can not obtain, most
Temperature value T under excellent remote sensing observations visual angleovaInstead of complete surface temperature Tc。
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiment.It is all to use equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation shape
Into technical scheme, all fall within the protection domains of application claims.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of air remote sensing evaluation method of the complete surface temperature in city, comprises the following steps：
The first step, the line of flight determined according to destination --- it is determined that research purpose position and being planned on the basis of the flight moment
Boat flies route, specifically includes three course line strategies；Course line strategy 1：At the experiment moment, by prearranged altitude, aircraft vertical in
The direction of sun principal plane is flown over directly over research area, and the view zenith angle of thermal infrared sensor is at 45~60 °, azimuth
It is consistent with aircraft direction of advance；Course line strategy 2：Aircraft is in certain altitude, and around flight centered on studying area, sensor is all the time
Towards research area, and the view zenith angle of thermal infrared sensor is 60 ° under the state；Course line strategy 3：S-N, NW-SE are pressed respectively,
E-W, SW-NE fly in tetra- courses research area overhead, and study the center in area close to flight path, should during thermal infrared
The view zenith angle of sensor is in -60~60 ° of changes so that the direction radiation temperature of acquisition is evenly distributed in upper half as far as possible
Spherical space；
Second step, flight experiment is carried out, obtains earth's surface thermal infrared images --- carry out flight experiment, thermal infrared according to prebriefed pattern
Sensor obtains earth's surface thermal infrared images, and the earth's surface thermal infrared images includes temperature information and positional information；
3rd step, thermal infrared images pretreatment --- specifically include：(1), by thermal infrared images attribute location coordinate information with
District center position coordinates is studied, calculates the instantaneous zenith angle of image taking and orientation angles；(2), obtained by course line strategy 1
Direction radiation temperatureθ is the view zenith angle of thermal infrared sensor,For the observed azimuth of thermal infrared sensor；
(3), in all direction radiation temperatures that course line strategy 2 obtains, to observed azimuth from 0-360 °, view zenith angle be 60 ° this
Direction radiation temperature in individual scope carries out integration and tries to achieve the first solid angle integral temperature T1(Ω1), Ω1For observed azimuth from
0-360 °, view zenith angle is 60 ° of scope；(4) 3~5, are chosen in all direction radiation temperatures obtained from course line strategy 3
The value of its individual observation position spatially distribution uniform, episphere institute is rebuild by Vinnikov thermal infrared kernel-driven model
Angled direction radiation temperature, to observed azimuth from 0-360 °, direction spoke of 20-90 ° of the view zenith angle in the range of this
Penetrate temperature and carry out integration and try to achieve the second solid angle integral temperature T2(Ω2), Ω2It is observed azimuth from 0-360 °, view zenith angle
For 20-90 ° of scope；
4th step, the complete surface temperature estimation in city --- it is specific as follows：(1), by the zenith angle that course line strategy 1 obtains 45~
60 °, direction radiation temperature of the azimuth perpendicular to sun principal planeExactly approach complete surface temperature TcIt is optimal distant
The temperature value T that sense organ is surveyed under visual angleova；(2), the first solid angle integral temperature T obtained by course line strategy 21(Ω1) replace completely
Surface temperature TcResearch for urban Heat Environment；(3), the second solid angle integral temperature T obtained by course line strategy 32(Ω2)
Instead of complete surface temperature TcResearch for urban Heat Environment；When carrying out urban Heat Environment research, consider to use first first
Solid angle integral temperature T1(Ω1) substitute complete surface temperature Tc, in the first solid angle integral temperature T1(Ω1) when can not obtain,
Consideration uses the second solid angle integral temperature T2(Ω2) replace complete surface temperature Tc, in first, second solid angle integral temperature
When can not obtain, the temperature value T under optimized remote sensing observation visual angleovaInstead of complete surface temperature Tc。
2. the air remote sensing evaluation method of the complete surface temperature in city according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described
In one step, the direction radiation temperature quantity that course line strategy 3 obtains is not less than 10.
3. the air remote sensing evaluation method of the complete surface temperature in city according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described
In three steps, the first solid angle integral temperature asks calculation formula as follows：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&Omega;</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<msub>
<mi>N</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
</mfrac>
<mo>&CenterDot;</mo>
<mo>&lsqb;</mo>
<munderover>
<mo>&Sigma;</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>&pi;</mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mfrac>
<mi>&pi;</mi>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>&rsqb;</mo>
</mrow>
Wherein, N1It is Ω1In the range of direction radiation temperature quantity.
4. the air remote sensing evaluation method of the complete surface temperature in city according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described
In three steps, the angled direction radiation temperature of episphere institute is obtained by Vinnikov thermal infrared kernel-driven model, formula is such as
Under：
Φ (θ)=1-cos (θ)
Wherein, θ is view zenith angle, θiRepresent solar zenith angle,The relative bearing of representative sensor and the sun, T0It is day
Direction radiation temperature is pushed up, Φ () and Ψ () are respectively to scatter kernel function and sun kernel function, and A and D are scattering nucleus letter respectively
Number and the coefficient of sun kernel function.
5. the air remote sensing evaluation method of the complete surface temperature in city according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Described
In three steps, the second solid angle integral temperature asks calculation formula as follows：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&Omega;</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
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<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
</mfrac>
<mo>&CenterDot;</mo>
<mo>&lsqb;</mo>
<munderover>
<mo>&Sigma;</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mi>&pi;</mi>
<mn>9</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
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<mi>&pi;</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</munderover>
<munderover>
<mo>&Sigma;</mo>
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<mi>j</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
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<mn>2</mn>
<mi>&pi;</mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>&rsqb;</mo>
</mrow>
Wherein, N2It is Ω2In the range of direction radiation temperature quantity.
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| CN112268622A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-26 | 东南大学 | Simultaneous reconstruction algorithm for flame three-dimensional temperature and soot volume fraction distribution |
| CN113588093A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-02 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Earth surface temperature estimation method in zenith observation direction |
| CN114323291A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-04-12 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Method for calculating angle effect of satellite observation urban surface temperature |
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| CN109086524B (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2023-05-16 | 南京大学 | Robust remote sensing earth surface temperature annual change simulation method |
| CN110705010A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2020-01-17 | 南京大学 | Remote sensing-based next-day night surface heat island simulation method |
| CN112199634A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-08 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Surface component temperature multi-algorithm integration algorithm based on Bayesian model averaging method |
| CN112268622A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-26 | 东南大学 | Simultaneous reconstruction algorithm for flame three-dimensional temperature and soot volume fraction distribution |
| CN112268622B (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-12-24 | 东南大学 | Simultaneous reconstruction algorithm for flame three-dimensional temperature and soot volume fraction distribution |
| CN113588093A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-02 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Earth surface temperature estimation method in zenith observation direction |
| CN113588093B (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2022-09-06 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Zenith observation direction earth surface temperature estimation method |
| CN114323291A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-04-12 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Method for calculating angle effect of satellite observation urban surface temperature |
| CN114323291B (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2023-06-13 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Calculation method for satellite observation city ground surface temperature angle effect |
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