CN107419435A - A kind of blanket and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of blanket and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107419435A CN107419435A CN201710720873.3A CN201710720873A CN107419435A CN 107419435 A CN107419435 A CN 107419435A CN 201710720873 A CN201710720873 A CN 201710720873A CN 107419435 A CN107419435 A CN 107419435A
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- Prior art keywords
- blanket
- polyester resin
- low
- mixture
- recovery
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4266—Natural fibres not provided for in group D04H1/425
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
- D04H1/435—Polyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/541—Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2201/00—Cellulose-based fibres, e.g. vegetable fibres
- D10B2201/01—Natural vegetable fibres
- D10B2201/02—Cotton
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2505/00—Industrial
- D10B2505/12—Vehicles
Abstract
This application discloses a kind of blanket and preparation method thereof.The blanket includes the polyester resin of 20 30% recovery cottons, 20 40% low-melting fibers and 30 50% certain fiber dimensious.The preparation method includes recovery cotton, low-melting fiber and polyester resin being sufficiently mixed, and obtains mixture;The mixture is placed in hot briquetting in baking oven;Mixture section after shaping is become a useful person, obtains blanket.The embodiment of the present application on the basis of existing blanket by adding polyester resin, so that the blanket smell and VOC index of the application are better than traditional recovery blanket, improve in-car air quality, its NVH (acoustics) performance has also obtained a certain degree of lifting simultaneously, internal car noise is reduced, meets the market demand.
Description
Technical field
The application is related to technical field of automotive trim, more particularly to a kind of blanket and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
In-vehicle air pollution refers to automotive interior due to the feelings of air quality difference caused by reason such as stuffy, car body finishing
Condition.In-vehicle air pollution source essentially from car body in itself, decorative material etc., the wherein noxious material such as formaldehyde, dimethylbenzene, benzene pollutes
Consequence is the most serious.With the reinforcement of people's environmental consciousness, in-vehicle air pollution problem increasingly attracts attention.
Blanket has quite as the main interior material with damping, noise reduction and the function such as heat-insulated in interior material
Use accounting.The use of cotton fiber used in blanket is mostly that clothing factory's leftover pieces are smashed and formed again in conventional automobile.One
As reclaim leftover pieces wide material sources, complexity, it is difficult to control.Cloth is made up of various natural and artificial chemical fibres in itself, and it was produced
Dyestuff and various inorganic agents etc., VOC (the volatile organic of common blanket are needed to use in journey
Compounds, VOC) and bad smell etc. come from this.Wherein, the mainly harmful substance such as aldehydes, benzene class.Automobile airtight
In-vehicle exposure thing is caused to be easier to gather.
Blanket sheet material generally use is mixed using recovery cotton and low-melting fiber at present, recovery cotton accounting 60%-
85%, low-melting fiber accounting 15%-40%, oder levels >=3 grade of such a sheet material, VOC performances are extremely unstable, often super
Mark.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the application is to provide a kind of blanket and preparation method thereof, to solve existing blanket VOC performances extremely not
Stably, the problem of often exceeded.
On the one hand, embodiments herein provides a kind of blanket, including:20-30% recovery cotton, 20-40% low melting points
Fiber and 30-50% polyester resins.
Alternatively, the blanket includes:30% recovery cotton, 30% low-melting fiber and 40% polyester resin.
Alternatively, the fiber dimensious of the polyester resin are 2.5-6D, 30-50mm.
On the other hand, embodiments herein provides a kind of blanket preparation method, comprises the following steps:
Recovery cotton, low-melting fiber and polyester resin are sufficiently mixed, obtain mixture;
The mixture is placed in hot briquetting in baking oven;
Mixture section after shaping is become a useful person, obtains blanket.
Alternatively, heating-up temperature is 140-160 DEG C in the baking oven, and the heat time is 2min in the baking oven.
Alternatively, the blanket preparation method also includes:
The blanket is heated with heater, obtains heating blanket;
By the heating blanket by press-molding, obtain being molded blanket;
The side mould of the shaping blanket is cut off, obtains finished product blanket.
Alternatively, the temperature of the heater heating is 170 DEG C.
Alternatively, the mode of the side mould of the excision shaping blanket is that water is cut.
From above technical scheme, the embodiment of the present application provides a kind of blanket and preparation method thereof.The blanket bag
Include 20-30% recovery cotton, 20-40% low-melting fibers and 30-50% polyester resins.The preparation method include will recovery cotton,
Low-melting fiber and polyester resin are sufficiently mixed, and obtain mixture;The mixture is placed in hot briquetting in baking oven;Will shaping
Mixture section afterwards is become a useful person, and obtains blanket.The embodiment of the present application on the basis of existing blanket by adding polyester resin so that
The blanket smell and VOC index of the application is better than traditional recovery blanket, improves in-car air quality, together
When its NVH performance also obtained a certain degree of lifting, reduce internal car noise, meet the market demand.
Brief description of the drawings
, below will be to institute in embodiment in order to illustrate more clearly of the embodiment of the present application or technical scheme of the prior art
The accompanying drawing needed to use is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some implementations of the application
Example, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings
Obtain other accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the sound-absorption coefficient result of different blankets at different frequencies;
Fig. 2 is a kind of flow chart of blanket preparation method according to the embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of the finished product blanket preparation method according to the embodiment of the present application.
Illustrate:
Wherein, the sound-absorption coefficient result of the existing blankets of 1- at different frequencies, the blanket that 2- the application provides is in different frequencies
Sound-absorption coefficient result under rate.
Embodiment
Embodiments herein provides a kind of blanket, including:20-30% recovery cotton, 20-40% low-melting fibers and
30-50% polyester resins.
It is that the cotton being previously used is purchased to return to re-use to reclaim cotton.The utilization of recovery cotton can save a large amount of cottons
Flower resource, while ensureing blanket quality, reach the purpose of energy-conserving and environment-protective.
Low-melting fiber has outstanding Thermoadhesive energy, easily mixed with other fibers, has washability, stable adds
Work and good elastic force., can be one compared with the low-melting fiber produced with general polyester and modified poly ester composite spinning
As melting and the bonding of other fibers under polyester lower temperature.
Polyethylene terephthalate is most important kind in thermoplastic polyester, the entitled Polyethylene of English
Terephthalate, abbreviation PET, is commonly called as polyester resin.It is the condensation polymer of terephthalic acid (TPA) and ethylene glycol, with poly- to benzene two
Formic acid butanediol ester (polybutylene terephthalate, PBT) is referred to as thermoplastic polyester or saturated polyester together.
PET is the polymer of milky or light yellow highly crystalline, smooth surface and it is glossy.PET is nontoxic, tasteless,
Wholesomeness is good, can be directly used for packaging for foodstuff.There is excellent physical and mechanical properties within the scope of wider temperature, for a long time
Temperature in use is up to 120 DEG C, and electrical insulating property is excellent, creep resistance, fatigue durability, and rub resistance, dimensional stability are all fine.Mill
Consume small and hardness is high, there is maximum toughness in thermoplastic:It is affected by temperature small, but corona resistance is poor.Against weather,
Chemical proof stability is good, and water absorption rate is low, weak acid resistant and organic solvent
Existing blanket sheet material is mixed using using recovery cotton and low-melting fiber, recovery cotton accounting 60%-85%, low
Melting-point fibers accounting 15%-40%, oder levels >=3 grade of such a sheet material, VOC performances are extremely unstable, often exceeded.
The blanket that the embodiment of the present application provides is surveyed smell and is obviously improved than common blanket smell.In tripartite (SGS, day
It is auspicious) test result is≤2.5 grades, and it is more obvious than the blanket smell lifting of prior art production.
The data comparison from table 1, the blanket VOC numerical value of prior art production are substantially higher and extremely unstable.It is individual
Other index is beyond limit value.And the blanket formolite number that the embodiment of the present application provides is far below limit value, and other aldehydes, benzene class etc. have
Evil material does not detect.Not only VOC numerical value substantially reduces, and is greatly improved its stability.The data of table 1 can show this
Apply for that the VOC numerical value for the blanket that embodiment provides is far below the blanket of prior art production, can significantly improve automotive interior sky
Makings amount.
Table 1
From above technical scheme, the embodiment of the present application provides a kind of blanket.The blanket reclaims including 20-30%
Cotton, 20-40% low-melting fibers and 30-50% polyester resins.The embodiment of the present application on the basis of existing blanket by adding
Polyester resin so that the blanket smell and VOC index that the application provides are better than traditional recovery blanket, change
Kind in-car air quality, while its NVH (acoustics) performance has also obtained a certain degree of lifting, reduces internal car noise, meets
The market demand.
Alternatively, the blanket includes:30% recovery cotton, 30% low-melting fiber and 40% polyester resin.Through a large amount of real
Trample proof, the smell and VOC of the blanket of 30% recovery cotton, 30% low-melting fiber and 40% polyester resin
Content is less.
Alternatively, the fiber dimensious of the polyester resin are 2.5-6D, 30-50mm.
Thickness and length due to increasing PET etc. are controllable, therefore its noise, vibration and sound vibration roughness (acoustics
Can) and its stability can also have a certain degree of improvement.Noise, vibration and sound vibration roughness (Noise, Vibration,
Harshness, NVH) be weigh automobile making quality a comprehensive standard, it to user vehicle be experienced as most directly and
Most surface.By repeatedly screening and checking, to meet production technology and NVH performance requirements simultaneously, PET specification is:
2.5-6D, 30-50mm.If PET is relatively thicker, production equipment is easily blocked during sheet material is made, it is uncomfortable
Answer production requirement.The PET of such a specification is applicable not only to produce, and NVH better performances.
PET specification 2.5-6D, 30-50mm are applied to actual production, its NVH the performance test results as shown in figure 1,
The sound-absorption coefficient of the contrast blanket that prior art produces at different frequencies and the blanket that the embodiment of the present application provides.Absorb sound curve
Higher, i.e., sound-absorption coefficient is bigger, and NVH performances are better.
As a result show, after the embodiment of the present application increases the PET of such a specification, in middle low frequency and high frequency region, sound-absorption coefficient, i.e.,
NVH performances, there are different degrees of lifting and improvement.Through analysis, the reason for this is that the PET of the specification is added, can be effective
Ground increases the air flow resistance of blanket on the original basis, makes more, the sound wave of sound wave energy loss during by blanket
Therefore decay more.
Refering to Fig. 2, embodiments herein provides a kind of blanket preparation method, comprises the following steps:
Step S1, recovery cotton, low-melting fiber and polyester resin are sufficiently mixed, obtain mixture;
Step S2, the mixture is placed in hot briquetting in baking oven;
Step S3, mixture section after shaping is become a useful person, obtains blanket.
After recovery cotton, low-melting fiber and polyester resin are sufficiently mixed uniformly, three kinds of raw materials melts are existed through high temperature melting
Together, its shape is fixed;Mixture after shaping is cut into suitable size, obtains blanket.
It should be noted that the size of blanket determines according to the species and purposes of specific automobile.For example, before blanket can be used as
Enclose, carpet and centre gangway sound insulating pad.According to mixture after specific purposes excision forming.Different types of automobile front wall or ground
The area of blanket is also different, it is necessary to according to mixture after the species excision forming of automobile.
From above technical scheme, the embodiment of the present application provides a kind of blanket preparation method.The preparation method bag
Include and be sufficiently mixed recovery cotton, low-melting fiber and polyester resin, obtain mixture;The mixture is placed in baking oven and heated
Shaping;Mixture section after shaping is become a useful person, obtains blanket.The embodiment of the present application is washed by being added on the basis of existing blanket
Synthetic fibre resin so that the blanket smell and VOC index of the application is better than traditional recovery blanket, improves in-car
Air quality, while its NVH (acoustics) performance has also obtained a certain degree of lifting, reduces internal car noise, meets market need
Ask.
Alternatively, heating-up temperature is 140-160 DEG C in the baking oven, and the heat time is 2min in the baking oven.Low melting point
The fusing point of fiber at 130 DEG C or so, in order to preferably three kinds of raw materials are mixed, it is necessary to baking oven temperature be higher than 130 DEG C,
Then when temperature is too high, mixture can not only produce and be charred taste, and the internal structure of three kinds of raw materials can be destroyed, so as to
It has impact on the VOC numerical value and NVH performances for finally obtaining blanket.Therefore, when heating-up temperature is 140-160 DEG C in baking oven, not only
Three kinds of raw materials can be sufficiently mixed, the VOC numerical value of blanket can also be reduced and improve NVH performances.The heat time is in baking oven
2min is most appropriate, and three kinds of raw materials are fully merged.
Preferably, heating-up temperature is 150 DEG C in the baking oven.The temperature of this baking oven not only can be fully mixed by three kinds of raw materials
Close, the VOC numerical value of blanket can also be reduced and improve NVH performances.
Alternatively, also include refering to Fig. 3, the blanket preparation method:
Step S4, the blanket is heated with heater, obtains heating blanket;
Step S5, the heating blanket is obtained being molded blanket by press-molding;
Step S6, the side mould of the shaping blanket is cut off, obtains finished product blanket.
Blanket can be in a kind of variable state of shape by heater heating blanket, can be according to tool after press extrudes
The species and purposes of body automobile fix the shape of blanket, obtain being molded blanket;Then the side mould of the shaping blanket is cut off, can
To obtain finished product blanket.
Alternatively, the temperature of the heater heating is 170 DEG C., can be by blanket when the temperature of heater heating is 170 DEG C
Fully softening, while will not produce and be charred taste.While can change blanket shape, avoid temperature too high and influence the property of blanket
Energy.
Alternatively, the mode of the side mould of the excision shaping blanket is that water is cut.
Water Cutting, also known as water knife, i.e. High Pressure Water Jet Cutting Technology, it is a kind of machine cut using High-Pressure Water.
Workpiece can be arbitrarily chiseled and carved under the control of computer, and is influenceed by texture material small.Because its cost is low, easy to operate, yields is again
Height, Water Cutting are just turning into the main flow cutting mode in terms of industrial cutting technique.Water Cutting category cold cut is cut, and does not produce thermal deformation or heat
Effect, the side mould of blanket is molded suitable for excision.
From above technical scheme, the embodiment of the present application provides a kind of blanket and preparation method thereof.The blanket bag
Include 20-30% recovery cotton, 20-40% low-melting fibers and 30-50% polyester resins.The preparation method include will recovery cotton,
Low-melting fiber and polyester resin are sufficiently mixed, and obtain mixture;The mixture is placed in hot briquetting in baking oven;Will shaping
Mixture section afterwards is become a useful person, and obtains blanket.The embodiment of the present application on the basis of existing blanket by adding polyester resin so that
The blanket smell and VOC index of the application is better than traditional recovery blanket, improves in-car air quality, together
When its NVH performance also obtained a certain degree of lifting, reduce internal car noise, meet the market demand.The embodiment of the present application carries
The performance boosts such as blanket smell, VOC and the NVH of confession are obvious, and more environmentally friendly interior trim part is provided for passenger, it is felt in the car
It is more comfortable.
Those skilled in the art will readily occur to the application its after considering specification and putting into practice application disclosed herein
Its embodiment.The application is intended to any modification, purposes or the adaptations of the application, these modifications, purposes or
Person's adaptations follow the general principle of the application and including the undocumented common knowledges in the art of the application
Or conventional techniques.Description and embodiments are considered only as exemplary, and the true scope of the application and spirit are by following
Claim is pointed out.
It should be appreciated that the precision architecture that the application is not limited to be described above and is shown in the drawings, and
And various modifications and changes can be being carried out without departing from the scope.Scope of the present application is only limited by appended claim.
Claims (8)
- A kind of 1. blanket, it is characterised in that including:20-30% recovery cotton, 20-40% low-melting fibers and 30-50% terylene trees Fat.
- 2. blanket according to claim 1, it is characterised in that including:30% recovery cotton, 30% low-melting fiber and 40% Polyester resin.
- 3. blanket according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the fiber dimensious of the polyester resin are 2.5-6D, 30- 50mm。
- 4. the blanket preparation method described in a kind of any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:Recovery cotton, low-melting fiber and polyester resin are sufficiently mixed, obtain mixture;The mixture is placed in hot briquetting in baking oven;Mixture section after shaping is become a useful person, obtains blanket.
- 5. according to the method for claim 4, it is characterised in that heating-up temperature is 140-160 DEG C in the baking oven, the baking The heat time is 2min in case.
- 6. according to the method for claim 4, it is characterised in that also include:The blanket is heated with heater, obtains heating blanket;By the heating blanket by press-molding, obtain being molded blanket;The side mould of the shaping blanket is cut off, obtains finished product blanket.
- 7. according to the method for claim 6, it is characterised in that the heater heating-up temperature is 170 DEG C.
- 8. according to the method for claim 6, it is characterised in that the mode of the side mould of the excision shaping blanket is that water is cut.
Priority Applications (1)
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CN201710720873.3A CN107419435A (en) | 2017-08-22 | 2017-08-22 | A kind of blanket and preparation method thereof |
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CN201710720873.3A CN107419435A (en) | 2017-08-22 | 2017-08-22 | A kind of blanket and preparation method thereof |
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CN109453492A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-03-12 | 重庆佩尔哲汽车内饰系统有限公司 | A kind of aldehyde remover, felt and preparation method |
CN109778427A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-05-21 | 上海佳声毡业有限责任公司 | The production method of the low smell non-woven material of automobile |
CN109797489A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-05-24 | 无锡吉兴汽车声学部件科技有限公司 | A kind of noise elimination felt and its application |
CN111038039A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-21 | 上海市纺织科学研究院有限公司 | High-performance polyester profiled fiber sound-absorbing cotton for automobile |
CN111519340A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-08-11 | 吉利汽车研究院(宁波)有限公司 | Low-odor cotton felt material, cotton felt sheet, vehicle interior and vehicle |
CN113529268A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2021-10-22 | 合肥佩尔哲汽车内饰系统有限公司 | Production method of novel sound insulation felt sheet |
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CN109797489B (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2022-06-03 | 无锡吉兴汽车声学部件科技有限公司 | Silencing felt and application thereof |
CN111038039A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-21 | 上海市纺织科学研究院有限公司 | High-performance polyester profiled fiber sound-absorbing cotton for automobile |
CN111519340A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-08-11 | 吉利汽车研究院(宁波)有限公司 | Low-odor cotton felt material, cotton felt sheet, vehicle interior and vehicle |
CN113529268A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2021-10-22 | 合肥佩尔哲汽车内饰系统有限公司 | Production method of novel sound insulation felt sheet |
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Application publication date: 20171201 |