CN107417267B - 铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷及其制备方法 - Google Patents

铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107417267B
CN107417267B CN201710676344.8A CN201710676344A CN107417267B CN 107417267 B CN107417267 B CN 107417267B CN 201710676344 A CN201710676344 A CN 201710676344A CN 107417267 B CN107417267 B CN 107417267B
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张子会
张法亮
张丹阳
俞胜平
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Goertek Microelectronics Inc
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷及其制备方法。该陶瓷以下列化学式I表示:mMnO2‑(1‑x‑y)Bi(1‑a)GaFe(1‑b)QbO3‑xBi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3‑yBaTiO3(I)其中,G为碱金属元素Ba、Ca、Sr中的一种,或者稀土金属元素La、Ce、Nb、Gd中的一种;其中,Q为Ti、Co、Cr、Ni元素中的一种;其中,m为MnO2所占铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷材料Bi(1‑a)GaFe(1‑b)QbO3‑Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3‑BaTiO3的质量百分比的数值;其中,0.01≤x≤0.05,0.2≤y≤0.4,0<a≤0.30,0<b≤0.10,0≤m≤0.26。该陶瓷具有电阻率高、介电损耗小的特点。

Description

铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷制备技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷及其制备方法。
背景技术
多铁性材料指的是材料的同一相中包含有两种以上(含两种)铁的基本性能的材料。这些铁的基本性能包括铁电性能、铁磁性能和铁弹性能。
单相多铁性材料指的是同时具有铁电有序和铁磁有序性能的材料。这类材料的特点是可以通过其具有的铁电性和铁磁性的相互耦合作用产生一种特殊性质—磁电效应。磁电效应是指材料在外加磁场作用下产生自发极化或者在外加电场作用下产生感应磁化强度的效应。
目前,单相多铁性材料的研究主要集中在钙钛矿型化合物、六角结构化合物、方硼石型化合物、BaMF4型化合物、辉石类化合物、硫族化合物TIMX2等。鉴于实际应用中多铁性材料需要在居里温度以下具有磁电效应,因而铁电相变温度和磁相变温度都在室温之上的BiFeO3(铁酸铋)材料成为研究最多的多铁性陶瓷材料。
然而,BiFeO3多铁性材料的氧空位缺陷导致材料存在漏电、矫顽场较大、低电阻率等问题。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷的新技术方案。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷。该陶瓷以下列化学式I表示:
mMnO2-(1-x-y)Bi(1-a)GaFe(1-b)QbO3-xBi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3-yBaTiO3 (I)
其中,G为碱金属元素Ba、Ca、Sr中的一种,或者稀土金属元素La、Ce、Nb、Gd中的一种;
其中,Q为Ti、Co、Cr、Ni元素中的一种;
其中,m为MnO2所占铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷材料Bi(1-a)GaFe(1-b)QbO3-Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3-BaTiO3的质量百分比的数值;
其中,0.01≤x≤0.05,0.2≤y≤0.4,0<a≤0.30,0<b≤0.10,0≤m≤0.26。
可选地,0.01≤x≤0.05,0.25≤y≤0.33,0.02≤a≤0.20,0.01≤b≤0.08,0.10≤m≤0.20。
可选地,所述铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷为钙钛矿结构。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供了一种铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷的制备方法。该方法包括以下步骤:
S1、配料:
以MnO2、Bi2O3、G的氧化物或碳化物、Fe2O3、Q的氧化物、ZnO、TiO2、和BaCO3为原料,各种原料根据化学式mMnO2-(1-x-y)Bi(1-a)GaFe(1-b)QbO3-xBi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3-yBaTiO3中的a、b、x、y、m的设定值进行称量配料,
其中,G为碱金属元素Ba、Ca、Sr中的一种,或者稀土金属元素La、Ce、Nb、Gd中的一种;
其中,Q为Ti、Co、Cr、Ni元素中的一种;
其中,m为MnO2所占铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷材料Bi(1-a)GaFe(1-b)QbO3-Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3-BaTiO3的质量百分比的数值;
其中,0.01≤x≤0.05,0.2≤y≤0.4,0<a≤0.30,0<b≤0.10,0≤m≤0.26;
S2、制备
S21、向配好的原料中加入混磨剂并进行混磨,以得到浆料;并将所述浆料烘干,以得到混合料,
S22、将所述混合料进行预烧,以得到预烧粉料,
S23、向所述预烧粉料中加入造粒剂,以进行造粒,并将造粒后的所述预烧粉料制备成设定形状的粗坯,
S24、将所述粗坯进行排胶处理,
S25、将排胶处理后的所述粗坯进行烧结,以得到陶瓷元件;
S3、极化
将所述陶瓷元件进行极化,以得到铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷器件。
可选地,在S21步骤中,所述混磨剂为无水乙醇。
可选地,在S22步骤中,预烧温度为700-800℃,预烧时间为3-8小时。
可选地,在S23步骤中,所述造粒剂为聚乙烯醇的水溶液,所述聚乙烯醇的水溶液的质量浓度为4%-12%。
可选地,在S24步骤中,排胶处理采用高温排胶,排胶温度为500-600℃,排胶时间为2-3小时。
可选地,在S25步骤中,将排胶处理后的所述粗坯在大气烧结炉中进行烧结,烧结温度为850-950℃,烧结时间为5-10小时。
可选地,在S3步骤中,包括:在所述陶瓷元件上镀上电极,并将所述陶瓷元件放入硅油中施加8-12kV/mm的直流电,以进行极化,极化时间为15-30分钟。
可选地,0.01≤x≤0.05,0.25≤y≤0.33,0.02≤a≤0.20,0.01≤b≤0.08,0.10≤m≤0.20。
本发明的发明人发现,在现有技术中,BiFeO3多铁性材料的氧空位缺陷导致材料存在漏电、矫顽场较大、低电阻率等问题。然而,该材料的烧结温度高,并且碱金属原料在高温烧结下容易挥发,导致陶瓷的致密性及压电性能降低。因此,本发明所要实现的技术任务或者所要解决的技术问题是本领域技术人员从未想到的或者没有预期到的,故本发明是一种新的技术方案。
本发明实施例提供的铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷,采用A、B位共掺杂的方式。其中,A位掺杂可减少因Bi元素挥发而引起的晶格缺陷,从而提升铁酸铋材料的热稳定性;B位掺杂可减少铁酸铋材料的氧空位缺陷,从而降低Fe离子的浓度,以达到降低漏电流、提高电阻率、得到饱和的电滞回线的目的。
本发明实施例提供的铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷具有电阻率高、介电损耗小等优异性能。
具体实施方式
以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的,决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论,但在适当情况下,所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中,任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的,而不是作为限制。因此,示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的值。
根据本发明的一个实施例,提供了一种铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷。该铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷以下列化学式I表示:
mMnO2-(1-x-y)Bi(1-a)GaFe(1-b)QbO3-xBi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3-yBaTiO3 (I)
其中,G为碱金属元素Ba、Ca、Sr中的一种,或者稀土金属元素La、Ce、Nb、Gd中的一种;
其中,Q为Ti、Co、Cr、Ni元素中的一种;
其中,m为MnO2所占铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷材料Bi(1-a)GaFe(1-b)QbO3-Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3-BaTiO3的质量百分比的数值;
其中,0.01≤x≤0.05,0.2≤y≤0.4,0<a≤0.30,0<b≤0.10,0≤m≤0.26。
需要说明的是,在烧结过程中,G元素对铁酸铋BiFeO3(铁酸铋)材料进行A位掺杂,A位即Bi元素在晶格结构中的位置;Q元素元素对铁酸铋BiFeO3(铁酸铋)材料进行B位掺杂,B位即Fe元素在晶格结构中的位置。
m的取值范围为0≤m≤0.26,即MnO2所占化合物(KaNabBicLidNb1-e-f- gSbeTifTagO3)(1-x)(Ba1-jCajZrO3)x的摩尔百分比为0-0.26%。
本发明实施例提供的铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷具有电阻率高、介电损耗小等优异性能。该陶瓷的电阻率高于1011Ω·m,介电损耗低于0.03,且居里温度高于560℃。
本发明实施例提供的铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷,采用A、B位共掺杂的方式。其中,A位掺杂可减少因Bi元素挥发而引起的晶格缺陷,从而提升铁酸铋材料的热稳定性;B位掺杂可减少铁酸铋材料的氧空位缺陷,从而降低Fe离子的浓度,以达到降低漏电流、提高电阻率、得到饱和的电滞回线的目的。
此外,通过引入可与BiFeO3无限固溶,且介电常数和压电常数均较高的BaTiO3,能够提升铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷的介电和压电性能。
此外,Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3能够提高Bi(1-a)GaFe(1-b)QbO3-BaTiO3的电阻率,并降低介电损耗。
此外,通过Mn的掺杂可以降低铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷的介电损耗,以提高铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷的介电性能。
优选地,化学式I中各个参数的范围,其中,0.01≤x≤0.05,0.25≤y≤0.33,0.02≤a≤0.20,0.01≤b≤0.08,0.10≤m≤0.20。
在该取值范围内,铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷的介电和压电等综合性能更加优良。
优选地,该铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷为钙钛矿结构。该结构的陶瓷材料,压电效果良好。
根据本发明的另一个实施例,提供了一种铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷的制备方法,其中,包括以下步骤:
S1、配料
以MnO2、Bi2O3、G的氧化物或碳化物、Fe2O3、Q的氧化物、ZnO、TiO2、和BaCO3为原料,各种原料根据化学式mMnO2-(1-x-y)Bi(1-a)GaFe(1-b)QbO3-xBi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3-yBaTiO3中的a、b、x、y、m的设定值进行称量配料,
其中,G为碱金属元素Ba、Ca、Sr中的一种,或者稀土金属元素La、Ce、Nb、Gd中的一种;
其中,Q为Ti、Co、Cr、Ni元素中的一种;
其中,m为MnO2所占铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷材料Bi(1-a)GaFe(1-b)QbO3-Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3-BaTiO3的质量百分比的数值;
其中,0.01≤x≤0.05,0.2≤y≤0.4,0<a≤0.30,0<b≤0.10,0≤m≤0.26。
具体地,上述各种原料为粉料。根据化学式I中各个元素的比例关系进行称量配料。MnO2还能起到助烧剂的作用。MnO2能够降低铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷的烧结温度,从而大大减少了碱金属在高温烧结下的挥发,提高了铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷的致密性及压电性能。
本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要设置各种原料的用量。
优选地,化学式中的各个参数的取值范围0.01≤x≤0.05,0.25≤y≤0.33,0.02≤a≤0.20,0.01≤b≤0.08,0.10≤m≤0.20。该范围制得的铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷的综合性能更好。
S2、制备
S21、向配好的原料中加入混磨剂并进行混磨,以得到浆料;并将所述浆料烘干,以得到混合料。
混磨剂为液态。加入混磨剂能使原料形成浆料。优选地,混磨剂为无水乙醇。例如,在该步骤中,首先,向MnO2、Bi2O3、G的氧化物或碳化物、Fe2O3、Q的氧化物、ZnO、TiO2、和BaCO3的混合物中加入无水乙醇,并进行混磨。无水乙醇的加入能够增加原料的粘度,从而使混磨更充分,得到的粉料更精细、更均匀。
优选地,混磨时间为10-30小时。在混磨过程中,原料变得更精细、更均匀。
然后,将混磨后的混合物进行烘干,以排除无水乙醇。
本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要选择本领域常用的其他混磨剂。
S22、将混合料进行预烧,以得到预烧粉料。
例如,在该步骤中,将烘干后的混合物进行预烧,以得到预烧粉料。预烧的目的是:使各个原料的固相化学反应充分、均匀,生成组成成分固定的固溶体,形成主晶相;并且排除原料中的二氧化碳和水分等,减小粗坯的烧成收缩、变形,以便于控制陶瓷器件的外形尺寸。
优选地,预烧温度为700-800℃。预烧时间为3-8小时。在该预烧条件下,各个原料的固相化学反应更充分、更均匀。进一步地,预烧时间为5小时。
S23、向预烧粉料中加入造粒剂,以进行造粒,并将造粒后的预烧粉料制备成设定形状的粗坯。例如,造粒后的预烧粉料采用模具压制的方法成形。得到的粗坯的尺寸为Ф10*2mm。
可选地,造粒剂为聚乙烯醇的水溶液。聚乙烯醇的水溶液的质量浓度为4%-12%。该造粒剂具有粘度高,用量少的特点。
优选地,聚乙烯醇的水溶液的质量浓度为8%。在该浓度下,造粒效果良好,并且得到的粗坯保型性良好。
本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要选择本领域常用的其他造粒剂。
S24、将粗坯进行排胶处理。排胶的目的是去除粗坯中的聚乙烯醇等高分子化合物,以避免对烧结造成不利影响。高分子化合物的含碳量多,在氧气不足时,燃烧产生还原性很强的一氧化碳。一氧化碳能将原料中氧化物还原为金属或者低价氧化物。金属或者低价氧化物影响陶瓷的颜色、成瓷性、可电镀性和极化等性能。
在一个例子中,首先采用有机溶剂进行预排胶。即将坯料浸入有机溶剂中进行预排胶。可选地,用于预排胶的有机溶剂为三氯乙烯、四氯化碳、氯仿、丙酮中的一种。
然后,将预排胶后的粗坯在高温下进行排胶处理,以将聚乙烯醇等有机物彻底排除。排胶处理的温度为500-600℃。
在另一个例子中,将粗坯直接在高温下进行排胶处理。通过这种方式,同样能排除聚乙烯醇等高分子化合物。优选地,排胶处理的温度为500-600℃,排胶温度为2-3小时。
S25、将排胶处理后的粗坯进行烧结,以得到陶瓷元件。优选地,烧结在大气烧结炉中进行。烧结温度为850-950℃,烧结时间为5-10小时。粗坯在该条件下进行烧结,最终形成钙钛矿结构的陶瓷元件。该陶瓷元件以化合物I表示。陶瓷元件的晶体中存在各个方向自发极化,从宏观上对外不呈现极性。自发极化方向相同的区域称为电畴。
S3、极化
将陶瓷元件进行极化,以得到铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷器件。通过极化使陶瓷元件的电畴发生转向,即极化迫使电畴的自发极化做定向排列,从而使陶瓷元件呈现极性。
优选地,在该步骤中,包括:首先,在陶瓷元件上镀上电极,以便于进行极化。
然后,将陶瓷元件放入硅油中施加8-12kV/mm的直流电,以进行极化,极化时间为15-30分钟。
通过极化,陶瓷元件成为具有压电性能的铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷器件。
在其他示例中,陶瓷元件直接在大气环境下进行极化,同样能使陶瓷元件具有压电性能。
本发明实施例提供的铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷的制备方法的制备工艺简单,制备条件要求低,适于大规模生产。
虽然已经通过例子对本发明的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明,但是本领域的技术人员应该理解,以上例子仅是为了进行说明,而不是为了限制本发明的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解,可在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下,对以上实施例进行修改。本发明的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (9)

1.一种铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷,以下列化学式I表示:
mMnO2-(1-x-y)Bi(1-a)GaFe(1-b)QbO3-xBi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3-yBaTiO3 (I)
其中,G为碱金属元素Ba、Ca、Sr中的一种,或者稀土金属元素La、Ce、Nb、Gd中的一种;
其中,Q为Ti、Co、Cr、Ni元素中的一种;
其中,m为MnO2所占铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷材料Bi(1-a)GaFe(1-b)QbO3-Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3-BaTiO3的质量百分比的数值;
其中,0.01≤x≤0.05,0.25≤y≤0.33,0.02≤a≤0.20,0.01≤b≤0.08,0.10≤m≤0.20。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷,其中,所述铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷为钙钛矿结构。
3.一种铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷的制备方法,其中,包括以下步骤:
S1、配料:
以MnO2、Bi2O3、G的氧化物或碳化物、Fe2O3、Q的氧化物、ZnO、TiO2、和BaCO3为原料,各种原料根据化学式mMnO2-(1-x-y)Bi(1-a)GaFe(1-b)QbO3-xBi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3-yBaTiO3中的a、b、x、y、m的设定值进行称量配料,
其中,G为碱金属元素Ba、Ca、Sr中的一种,或者稀土金属元素La、Ce、Nb、Gd中的一种;
其中,Q为Ti、Co、Cr、Ni元素中的一种;
其中,m为MnO2所占铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷材料Bi(1-a)GaFe(1-b)QbO3-Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3-BaTiO3的质量百分比的数值;
其中,0.01≤x≤0.05,0.25≤y≤0.33,0.02≤a≤0.20,0.01≤b≤0.08,0.10≤m≤0.20;
S2、制备
S21、向配好的原料中加入混磨剂并进行混磨,以得到浆料;并将所述浆料烘干,以得到混合料,
S22、将所述混合料进行预烧,以得到预烧粉料,
S23、向所述预烧粉料中加入造粒剂,以进行造粒,并将造粒后的所述预烧粉料制备成设定形状的粗坯,
S24、将所述粗坯进行排胶处理,
S25、将排胶处理后的所述粗坯进行烧结,以得到陶瓷元件;
S3、极化
将所述陶瓷元件进行极化,以得到铁酸铋多铁性陶瓷器件。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其中,在S21步骤中,所述混磨剂为无水乙醇。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其中,在S22步骤中,预烧温度为700-800℃,预烧时间为3-8小时。
6.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其中,在S23步骤中,所述造粒剂为聚乙烯醇的水溶液,所述聚乙烯醇的水溶液的质量浓度为4%-12%。
7.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其中,在S24步骤中,排胶处理采用高温排胶,排胶温度为500-600℃,排胶时间为2-3小时。
8.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其中,在S25步骤中,将排胶处理后的所述粗坯在大气烧结炉中进行烧结,烧结温度为850-950℃,烧结时间为5-10小时。
9.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其中,在S3步骤中,包括:在所述陶瓷元件上镀上电极,并将所述陶瓷元件放入硅油中施加8-12kV/mm的直流电,以进行极化,极化时间为15-30分钟。
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Patentee before: GoerTek Optical Technology Co.,Ltd.

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