CN107415285B - 一种低孔隙率的连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带的熔融浸渍制备方法 - Google Patents

一种低孔隙率的连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带的熔融浸渍制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107415285B
CN107415285B CN201710493309.2A CN201710493309A CN107415285B CN 107415285 B CN107415285 B CN 107415285B CN 201710493309 A CN201710493309 A CN 201710493309A CN 107415285 B CN107415285 B CN 107415285B
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吴苗
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YANGZHOU ZHIXIANG PETROLEUM ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明涉及预浸带制备领域,公开了一种低孔隙率的连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带的熔融浸渍制备方法,包括:(1)连续纤维预处理:在连续纤维表面喷洒预处理液,将连续纤维在50‑60℃、65‑75%相对湿度的环境下闷制处理24‑48h;(2)浸渍处理:对预处理后的连续纤维进行清洗、干燥,再经过导丝后,在减压条件下,在热塑性树脂熔融液中进行浸渍处理;(3)热压成型:对步骤(2)得到的中间产品依次进行干燥、热压处理;(4)收卷:经过切割、收卷后制得成品。本发明方法对熔融浸渍工艺进行了改良,使得热塑性树脂对纤维的浸润性好,两者之间结合度好,且热塑性树脂固化后基体中的孔隙率低,制得的预浸带孔隙率低。

Description

一种低孔隙率的连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带的熔融浸渍 制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及预浸带制备领域,尤其涉及一种低孔隙率的连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带的熔融浸渍制备方法。
背景技术
连续纤维增强热塑性树脂复合材料因为纤维在基体内连续分布,表现出很高的机械性能。同时又因为其成型速度快,可以循环使用等优点,成为目前关注的焦点。一般常用的热塑性树脂有聚丙烯,聚乙烯、PET、尼龙等几种;常用的增强纤维有玻璃纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维等几种。
目前预浸带的制备方法有熔融浸渍法、溶液浸渍法、粉末浸渍法和淋膜法等几种。如申请号为201110419234.6的中国专利公开了一种连续碳纤维增强热塑性预浸带的制备方法,其包含以下步骤:将连续碳纤维安放在纱架单元的纱架轴上,经过纱架前段的小导丝排,使碳纤维引出,再经过牵引单元的大导丝排使碳纤维分布均匀,经过张力调节辊调节使碳纤维受力均匀,经牵引辊牵引,进入展丝单元;在展丝单元,烘箱加热,碳纤维经过展丝辊和烘箱加热,使碳纤维充分展开,进入复合定型单元,在浸渍槽中加热,使热塑性树脂熔融,碳纤维经过浸渍辊使树脂充分浸渍碳纤维,再经过树脂调节辊调节树脂含量,由定型辊定型,确定预浸带的厚度;再经切割、收卷,制成连续碳纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带。该发明具有树脂浸渍碳纤维充分,碳纤维含量高等特点。
虽然上述预浸带具有其一定优势,但是其也存在不足之处:一方面,熔融浸渍工艺在纤维浸渍过程中,热塑性树脂熔融液中含有空气,其固化后在基体上会形成较多孔隙;另一方面,由于热塑性树脂具有很高的粘性,对纤维的浸润性较差,导致纤维与热塑性树脂无法充分结合。综上两方面的因素,导致制得的预浸带成品的孔隙率较高,影响产品的机械强度等性能。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种低孔隙率的连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带的熔融浸渍制备方法。本发明方法对熔融浸渍工艺进行了改良,使得热塑性树脂对纤维的浸润性好,两者之间结合度好,且热塑性树脂固化后基体中的孔隙率低,制得的预浸带孔隙率低。
本发明的具体技术方案为:一种低孔隙率的连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带的熔融浸渍制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)连续纤维预处理:在连续纤维表面喷洒预处理液,将连续纤维在50-60℃、65-75%相对湿度的环境下闷制处理24-48h。
(2)浸渍处理:对预处理后的连续纤维进行清洗、干燥,再经过导丝后,在减压条件下,在热塑性树脂熔融液中进行浸渍处理。
(3)热压成型:对步骤(2)得到的中间产品依次进行干燥、热压处理。
(4)收卷:经过切割、收卷后制得成品。
步骤(1)中,本发明预先对连续纤维进行预处理,喷洒预处理液后,在特定温度和湿度环境下对纤维闷制处理,闷制后纤维的膨松度提高,使得在后续浸渍工艺中热塑性树脂熔融液对纤维的浸润性大幅提高,热塑性树脂能够充分渗透进入纤维内部并与之结合。与现有技术中对纤维进行开纤的方法相比,开纤过程会损伤纤维,使得纤维表面变得毛糙,而本发明预处理方法不会对纤维造成负面影响。
步骤(2)中,本发明选用浸渍的工艺进行热塑性树脂的添加,由于在浸渍工艺中熔融液容易混入空气气泡,导致在定型后预浸带基体上含有大量孔隙。为此本发明在减压条件下进行浸渍处理,此时熔融液中的空气由于内外压差而脱离熔融液,因此能够大幅降低熔融液中的空气含量,预浸带定型后基体上的孔隙率也就能够保持在较低水平。
步骤(3)和步骤(4)中,按常规工艺即可。
进一步地,所述热塑性树脂为聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚碳酸酯、尼龙66中的一种。
进一步地,步骤(2)中,连续纤维在浸渍过程中的移动速度为5-10m/min。
进一步地,所述预处理液由以下质量百分比的组分配制而成:亲水性氨基硅油2-4%、十二烷基苯磺酸钠1-3%、吐温-801-3%、氯化钠0.5-1.5%和余量的水。
对纤维喷洒上述预处理液后,在闷制过程中,十二烷基苯磺酸钠和吐温-80能够降低纤维表面能,使得预处理液能够渗透进入纤维内部,使得纤维变得膨松,易于浸润;氯化钠起到保水作用,亲水性氨基硅油能够在纤维表面成膜,在闷制过程中使纤维与空气隔离,在闷制的特定温湿度外部环境下,纤维内部由于内外部渗透压差的存在而变得膨松,易于后续热塑性树脂熔融液的浸润。
进一步地,预处理液的喷洒量为连续纤维质量的4-8%。
进一步地,步骤(3)中,所述热压处理的温度为200-300℃,辊压速度为15-25m/min。
进一步地,连续纤维为芳纶纤维和超高密度聚乙烯纤维的复捻纤维,其制备方法如下:将芳纶纤维和超高密度聚乙烯纤维按2-4:1的股数进行复捻,复捻后在张紧条件下对纤维表面喷洒粘合剂,干燥后得到复捻纤维。
与现有技术不同的是,本发明的连续纤维可采用复捻纤维,复捻纤维与单纤维相比,复捻纤维采用两种纤维,在性能上能够互取所长,并且复捻后的机械性能更高。且本发明的复捻过程较为特殊:先将芳纶纤维和超高密度聚乙烯纤维按一定股数复捻,然后在纤维张紧的条件下喷洒粘合剂。纤维在张紧条件下,其取向性较好,在轴向上的保持较高的预张力,纤维机械性能更好。而在此条件下喷洒粘合剂进行快速固化,相当于将复捻纤维的此状态进行了“封存”,固化后的复捻纤维能够保持较好的机械性能。
进一步地,所述芳纶纤维为改性芳纶纤维,其制备方法如下:将纳米埃洛石管在300-400℃下热活化处理2-4h;将热活化后的纳米埃洛石管、二氧化硅气凝胶粉分别与十八碳烷酸质量比100:4-8混合均匀,在50-60℃下球磨0.5-1.5h,得到改性纳米埃洛石管和改性二氧化硅气凝胶粉;然后将芳纶颗粒与改性纳米埃洛石管、改性二氧化硅气凝胶粉末按质量比95:2-4:1-3混合后,添加至硫酸中分散均匀,得到纺丝溶液,最后按常规工艺纺丝后制得改性芳纶纤维。
在现有技术中,由于热塑性树脂对纤维浸润性差,因此两者的结合力较弱,结合处容易产生孔隙。而本发明用纳米埃洛石管和二氧化硅气凝胶粉对芳纶纤维进行预改性,纳米埃洛石管具有中空的管道结构,其经过热活化后,其内部结晶水得到去除,管道空间得到增大,二氧化硅气凝胶粉具有超高的比表面积;此后,在对纳米埃洛石管、二氧化硅气凝胶粉用十八碳烷酸进行改性,改性后纳米埃洛石管、二氧化硅气凝胶粉呈现为较强的疏水性质,因此能够对热塑性树脂具有较强的亲和性,促进吸收。将纳米埃洛石管和二氧化硅气凝胶粉复合到芳纶纤维中后,使得芳纶纤维对熔融液具有较好的吸收能力,在浸渍时,热塑性树脂能够充分被吸收而渗透进入纤维内部。因此两者间的结合较好,热压成型后的预浸带基体密实度较高,孔隙率较低。此外,纳米埃洛石管和二氧化硅气凝胶粉还能够进一步提高纤维的耐高温、耐候性等性能。
进一步地,所述预浸带的厚度为0.2-0.4mm,宽度为1-500mm。
进一步地,所述预浸带中连续纤维的质量含量为35-45%。
与现有技术对比,本发明的有益效果是:本发明方法对熔融浸渍工艺进行了改良,使得热塑性树脂对纤维的浸润性好,两者之间结合度好,且热塑性树脂固化后基体中的孔隙率低,制得的预浸带孔隙率低。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的描述。
实施例1
一种低孔隙率的连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带的熔融浸渍制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)连续纤维预处理:在连续芳纶纤维表面喷洒预处理液(亲水性氨基硅油3%、十二烷基苯磺酸钠2%、吐温-802%、氯化钠1%和余量的水),预处理液的喷洒量为连续纤维质量的6%。然后将连续芳纶纤维在55℃、70%相对湿度的环境下闷制处理36h。
(2)浸渍处理:对预处理后的连续纤维进行清洗、干燥,再经过导丝后,在减压条件下,在热塑性树脂(聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯)熔融液中进行浸渍处理,其中连续芳纶纤维在浸渍过程中的移动速度为8m/min。
(3)热压成型:对步骤(2)得到的中间产品依次进行干燥、热压处理,其中热压处理的温度为300℃,辊压速度为20m/min。
(4)收卷:经过切割、收卷后制得成品。预浸带成品的厚度为0.3mm,宽度为300mm。预浸带中连续芳纶纤维的质量含量为40%。
实施例2
一种低孔隙率的连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带的熔融浸渍制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)连续纤维预处理:在连续纤维表面喷洒预处理液(亲水性氨基硅油3%、十二烷基苯磺酸钠2%、吐温-802%、氯化钠1%和余量的水),预处理液的喷洒量为连续纤维质量的6%。然后将连续纤维在55℃、70%相对湿度的环境下闷制处理36h。
(2)浸渍处理:对预处理后的连续纤维进行清洗、干燥,再经过导丝后,在减压条件下,在热塑性树脂(聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯)熔融液中进行浸渍处理,其中连续纤维在浸渍过程中的移动速度为8m/min。
(3)热压成型:对步骤(2)得到的中间产品依次进行干燥、热压处理,其中热压处理的温度为300℃,辊压速度为20m/min。
(4)收卷:经过切割、收卷后制得成品。预浸带成品的厚度为0.3mm,宽度为300mm。预浸带中连续纤维的质量含量为40%。
其中本实施例中的连续纤维为芳纶纤维和超高密度聚乙烯纤维的复捻纤维,其制备方法如下:将芳纶纤维和超高密度聚乙烯纤维按3:1的股数进行复捻,复捻后在张紧条件下对纤维表面喷洒粘合剂,干燥后得到复捻纤维。
所述芳纶纤维为改性芳纶纤维,其制备方法如下:将纳米埃洛石管在350℃下热活化处理3h;将热活化后的纳米埃洛石管、二氧化硅气凝胶粉分别与十八碳烷酸质量比100:6混合均匀,在55℃下球磨1h,得到改性纳米埃洛石管和改性二氧化硅气凝胶粉;然后将芳纶颗粒与改性纳米埃洛石管、改性二氧化硅气凝胶粉末按质量比95:3:2混合后,添加至硫酸中分散均匀,得到纺丝溶液,最后按常规工艺纺丝后制得改性芳纶纤维。
实施例3
一种低孔隙率的连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带的熔融浸渍制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)连续纤维预处理:在连续纤维表面喷洒预处理液(亲水性氨基硅油2%、十二烷基苯磺酸钠3%、吐温-801%、氯化钠1.5%和余量的水),预处理液的喷洒量为连续纤维质量的4%。然后将连续纤维在50℃、65%相对湿度的环境下闷制处理24h。
(2)浸渍处理:对预处理后的连续纤维进行清洗、干燥,再经过导丝后,在减压条件下,在热塑性树脂(聚碳酸酯)熔融液中进行浸渍处理,其中连续纤维在浸渍过程中的移动速度为5m/min。
(3)热压成型:对步骤(2)得到的中间产品依次进行干燥、热压处理,其中热压处理的温度为230℃,辊压速度为25m/min。
(4)收卷:经过切割、收卷后制得成品。预浸带成品的厚度为0.2mm,宽度为1mm。预浸带中连续纤维的质量含量为35%。
其中本实施例中的连续纤维为芳纶纤维和超高密度聚乙烯纤维的复捻纤维,其制备方法如下:将芳纶纤维和超高密度聚乙烯纤维按2:1的股数进行复捻,复捻后在张紧条件下对纤维表面喷洒粘合剂,干燥后得到复捻纤维。
所述芳纶纤维为改性芳纶纤维,其制备方法如下:将纳米埃洛石管在300℃下热活化处理4h;将热活化后的纳米埃洛石管、二氧化硅气凝胶粉分别与十八碳烷酸质量比100:4混合均匀,在50℃下球磨1.5h,得到改性纳米埃洛石管和改性二氧化硅气凝胶粉;然后将芳纶颗粒与改性纳米埃洛石管、改性二氧化硅气凝胶粉末按质量比95:2:3混合后,添加至硫酸中分散均匀,得到纺丝溶液,最后按常规工艺纺丝后制得改性芳纶纤维。
实施例4
一种低孔隙率的连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带的熔融浸渍制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)连续纤维预处理:在连续纤维表面喷洒预处理液(亲水性氨基硅油4%、十二烷基苯磺酸钠1%、吐温-803%、氯化钠0.5%和余量的水),预处理液的喷洒量为连续纤维质量的8%。然后将连续纤维在60℃、75%相对湿度的环境下闷制处理48h。
(2)浸渍处理:对预处理后的连续纤维进行清洗、干燥,再经过导丝后,在减压条件下,在热塑性树脂(尼龙66)熔融液中进行浸渍处理,其中连续纤维在浸渍过程中的移动速度为10m/min。
(3)热压成型:对步骤(2)得到的中间产品依次进行干燥、热压处理,其中热压处理的温度为280℃,辊压速度为25m/min。
(4)收卷:经过切割、收卷后制得成品。预浸带成品的厚度为0.4mm,宽度为500mm。预浸带中连续纤维的质量含量为45%。
其中本实施例中的连续纤维为芳纶纤维和超高密度聚乙烯纤维的复捻纤维,其制备方法如下:将芳纶纤维和超高密度聚乙烯纤维按4:1的股数进行复捻,复捻后在张紧条件下对纤维表面喷洒粘合剂,干燥后得到复捻纤维。
所述芳纶纤维为改性芳纶纤维,其制备方法如下:将纳米埃洛石管在400℃下热活化处理2h;将热活化后的纳米埃洛石管、二氧化硅气凝胶粉分别与十八碳烷酸质量比100:8混合均匀,在50-60℃下球磨1.5h,得到改性纳米埃洛石管和改性二氧化硅气凝胶粉;然后将芳纶颗粒与改性纳米埃洛石管、改性二氧化硅气凝胶粉末按质量比95:4:1混合后,添加至硫酸中分散均匀,得到纺丝溶液,最后按常规工艺纺丝后制得改性芳纶纤维。
对比例1
一种低孔隙率的连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带的熔融浸渍制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)浸渍处理:对连续芳纶纤维进行清洗、干燥,再经过导丝后,在常压条件下,在热塑性树脂(聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯)熔融液中进行浸渍处理,其中连续芳纶纤维在浸渍过程中的移动速度为8m/min。
(2)热压成型:对步骤(1)得到的中间产品依次进行干燥、热压处理,其中热压处理的温度为300℃,辊压速度为20m/min。
(3)收卷:经过切割、收卷后制得成品。预浸带成品的厚度为0.3mm,宽度为300mm。预浸带中连续芳纶纤维的质量含量为40%。
对实施例1-4的预浸带的孔隙率进行检测,具体结果如下:
组号 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4 对比例1
孔隙率,% 0.16 0.09 0.11 0.12 0.25
由上可知,本发明方法制备的预浸带热塑性树脂对纤维的浸润性较好,能够与纤维较好的结合,产生的孔隙较少。
本发明中所用原料、设备,若无特别说明,均为本领域的常用原料、设备;本发明中所用方法,若无特别说明,均为本领域的常规方法。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明作任何限制,凡是根据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、变更以及等效变换,均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种低孔隙率的连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带的熔融浸渍制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)连续纤维预处理:在连续纤维表面喷洒预处理液,将连续纤维在50-60℃、65-75%相对湿度的环境下闷制处理24-48h;
(2)浸渍处理:对预处理后的连续纤维进行清洗、干燥,再经过导丝后,在减压条件下,在热塑性树脂熔融液中进行浸渍处理;
(3)热压成型:对步骤(2)得到的中间产品依次进行干燥、热压处理;
(4)收卷:经过切割、收卷后制得成品;
所述连续纤维为芳纶纤维和超高密度聚乙烯纤维的复捻纤维,其制备方法如下:将芳纶纤维和超高密度聚乙烯纤维按2-4:1的股数进行复捻,复捻后在张紧条件下对纤维表面喷洒粘合剂,干燥后得到复捻纤维;
所述芳纶纤维为改性芳纶纤维,其制备方法如下:将纳米埃洛石管在300-400℃下热活化处理2-4h;将热活化后的纳米埃洛石管、二氧化硅气凝胶粉分别与十八碳烷酸质量比100:4-8混合均匀,在50-60℃下球磨0.5-1.5h,得到改性纳米埃洛石管和改性二氧化硅气凝胶粉;然后将芳纶颗粒与改性纳米埃洛石管、改性二氧化硅气凝胶粉末按质量比95:2-4:1-3混合后,添加至硫酸中分散均匀,得到纺丝溶液,最后按常规工艺纺丝后制得改性芳纶纤维。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种低孔隙率的连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带的熔融浸渍制备方法,其特征在于,所述热塑性树脂为聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚碳酸酯、尼龙66中的一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种低孔隙率的连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带的熔融浸渍制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,连续纤维在浸渍过程中的移动速度为5-10m/min。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种低孔隙率的连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带的熔融浸渍制备方法,其特征在于,所述预处理液由以下质量百分比的组分配制而成:亲水性氨基硅油2-4%、十二烷基苯磺酸钠1-3%、吐温-801-3%、氯化钠0.5-1.5%和余量的水。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种低孔隙率的连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带的熔融浸渍制备方法,其特征在于,预处理液的喷洒量为连续纤维质量的4-8%。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种低孔隙率的连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带的熔融浸渍制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述热压处理的温度为200-300℃,辊压速度为15-25m/min。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种低孔隙率的连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带的熔融浸渍制备方法,其特征在于,所述预浸带的厚度为0.2-0.4mm,宽度为1-500mm。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种低孔隙率的连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带的熔融浸渍制备方法,其特征在于,所述预浸带中连续纤维的质量含量为35-45%。
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