CN107402405A - Quiet phase virtual source trace gather construction method - Google Patents
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Abstract
A kind of quiet phase virtual source trace gather construction method, comprises the following steps：Step 1：Selecting a receiver, parametric receiver is as virtual source as parametric receiver；Step 2：One receiver of selection receives the virtual source receiving point that receiver excites as the virtual source as receiver is received；Step 3：Parametric receiver and the record for receiving receiver are subjected to cross-correlation, be restored back wave；Step 4：The positive decay part that judgement recovery back wave is located at cross-correlation still bears decay part；Step 5：Judged result based on step 4, obtain the seismic channel data that virtual source excites virtual source receiving point；Step 6：Repeat step 2 obtains the seismic channel set of virtual source to step 5.This method can build the virtual source trace gather compared with high s/n ratio, so as to improve the quality of the recovery of the seismic response between receiving point.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seismic prospecting and development field, more particularly to one kind is recovered anti-from ground micro-seismic monitoring materials
The quiet phase virtual source trace gather construction method of ejected wave.
Background technology
At present, the cross-correlation of two receiver record wave fields is frequently utilized that in seismic prospecting, recovers to connect with one with this
Seismic response between two receivers that sink is focus (virtual source), another receiving point is virtual source receiving point, this method
It is referred to as seismic interference method.
The Green's function reconstruction that equation is exchanged based on relationship type that Wapenaar (2008) is proposed is represented by below equation
(1)：
Wherein, G (xB,xA, t) represent excited at the A of position (virtual source), position B place reception Green's function, G (xB,xA,-
T) represent excited at the A of position (virtual source), position B place receive inverse time Green's function, s (t) expression virtual source wavelet, ui(xA,t)
And ui(xB, t) and the passive focus earthquake record received at landscape position A and position B is illustrated respectively in, i represents that some receives the time
Section, N represent the number of earthquake record.
Fig. 1 shows the mathematical physics meaning of formula (1), i.e., the two receiving point time-domain record cross-correlation positioned at earth's surface
Computing, equivalent to the earth's surface multiple arrival time in position B records, the direct wave arrival time in receiving point A is subtracted, just
Obtain seeming the back wave for exciting (virtual source) position B to receive in position A.
Because wave equation is second order, formula (2) is set up in theory：
G(xB,xA, t) and=G (xB,xA,-t) (2)
Therefore, in the document that numerous seismic interference methods include virtual source method, the seismic response after recovery generally only takes forward direction
Green's function and cast out inverse time fruit Green's function, the precondition that can so handle is that " focus is regularly distributed on around reception
On one sealing surface of point, and it is incoherent.”
It is noise based on focus and the theory hypothesis that are evenly distributed that the derivation of formula (1), which is,.Monitored for ground micro-seismic
For the seismic data of collection, rock rupture is often concentrated near fractured well caused by hydraulic fracturing, i.e., passive source leads to
One end of ground survey line is often in, therefore this seismic data has seriously run counter to the above-mentioned assumed condition of formula (1), it is impossible to be applicable
In formula (1).
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the quiet phase virtual source road for recovering back wave in a kind of monitoring materials from ground micro-seismic
Collect construction method, it can build the virtual source trace gather compared with high s/n ratio, so as to improve the quality of the recovery of the seismic response between receiving point.
The present invention uses solution below：
A kind of quiet phase virtual source trace gather construction method, comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Selecting a receiver, the parametric receiver is as virtual source A as parametric receiver；
Step 2：One receiver of selection is as reception receiver, the void for receiving receiver and being excited as the virtual source
Source receiving point B；
Step 3：The parametric receiver and the record for receiving receiver are subjected to cross-correlation, be restored back wave；
Step 4：Judge that the positive decay part that the recovery back wave is located at the cross-correlation still bears decay part；
Step 5：Judged result based on step 4, obtain the earthquake that the virtual source A excites the virtual source receiving point B
Track data；
Step 6：Repeat step 2 obtains the seismic channel set of the virtual source A to step 5.
Preferably, using focus, virtual source A and virtual source receiving point B position relationship, judge that the recovery back wave is located at institute
The positive decay part for stating cross-correlation still bears decay part.
Preferably, in the step 4, when the focus and the virtual source receiving point B are located at the homonymy of the virtual source A
When, judge that the recovery back wave is located at the negative decay part of the cross-correlation.
Preferably, in the step 4, when the focus and the virtual source receiving point B are located at the opposite side of the virtual source A
When, judge that the recovery back wave is located at the positive decay part of the cross-correlation.
Preferably, in the step 4, the reference is subtracted when the multiple arrival time of the reception receiver record
When the direct wave arrival time of receiver record is more than zero, judge that the recovery back wave is located at the positive delay portion of the cross-correlation
Point.
Preferably, in the step 4, when the direct wave arrival time of the reception receiver record subtracts the reference
When the multiple arrival time of receiver record is less than zero, judge that the recovery back wave is located at the negative delay portion of the cross-correlation
Point.
Preferably, in the step 5, when judging that the recovery back wave is located at the positive decay part of the cross-correlation
When, the virtual source A excites a seismic channel data of the virtual source receiving point B as the Green's function of the recovery shown in formula (4)
G′(xB,xA, t) represent：
G′(xB,xA, t) and=G (xB,xA,t) (4)
Wherein, G (xB,xA, t) represent cross-correlation positive decay part.
Preferably, in the step 5, when judging that the recovery back wave is located at the negative decay part of the cross-correlation
When, the virtual source A excites a seismic channel data of the virtual source receiving point B as the Green's function of the recovery shown in formula (5)
G′(xC,xA, t) represent：
G'(xB,xA, t) and=G (xB,xA,-t) (5)
Wherein, G (xB,xA,-t) represent cross-correlation negative decay part.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are being monitored for ground micro-seismic the characteristics of, quiet phase is utilized
Method of bit analysis, propose to recover the quiet phase virtual source trace gather construction method of back wave in a kind of monitoring materials from ground micro-seismic, its
The virtual source trace gather compared with high s/n ratio can be built.Compared with the existing method for casting out inverse time Green's function, it can significantly increase
Recover the precision and resolution ratio of wave field, laid the foundation for the practical application of blind focus earthquake technology, there is very big potential application valency
Value.
Brief description of the drawings
Disclosure exemplary embodiment is described in more detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the disclosure it is above-mentioned and other
Purpose, feature and advantage will be apparent.
Fig. 1 shows that Wapenaar back waves recover principle schematic；
Fig. 2 shows the microseism positioning result in ground micro-seismic detection；
Fig. 3 shows quiet phase analysis schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 shows the flow chart of the quiet phase virtual source trace gather construction method according to exemplary embodiment；
Fig. 5 shows the work area earth's surface monitoring survey line schematic diagram in exemplary embodiment；
Fig. 6 (a) to (c) is shown respectively at the firsthand information of survey line in Fig. 5, bandpass filtering treatment result and amplitude regularization
Manage result；
The ground that virtual source in exemplary embodiment is located at the 1st, the 30th and the 60th respectively is shown respectively in Fig. 7 (a) to (c)
Ring and answer restoration result；
Surface-seismic data time migration result and the superposition of dynamic school in exemplary embodiment is shown respectively in Fig. 8 (a) and (b)
Result.
Embodiment
Preferred embodiment of the present disclosure is more fully described below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although the disclosure is shown in accompanying drawing
Preferred embodiment, however, it is to be appreciated that may be realized in various forms the disclosure without should be limited by embodiments set forth here
System.On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure is more thorough and complete, and can be complete by the scope of the present disclosure
Ground is communicated to those skilled in the art.
The principle and step of the quiet phase virtual source trace gather construction method of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with exemplary embodiment
Suddenly.
It is mentioned in the Background, in ground micro-seismic monitoring, the rock rupture caused by hydraulic fracturing, often
Concentrate merely near fractured well, i.e. one end of ground survey line, as shown in Fig. 2 this seriously violates the assumed condition of equation (1).
In this case, the seismic response recovered based on cross-correlation, its positive Green's function are not equal to inverse time Green's letter
Number.Computing cross-correlation mathematically subtracts each other equivalent to phase or arrival time subtracts each other, as shown in figure 3, passing through quiet phase analysis
(Snieder, 2006) is understood, when virtual source location is located at receiving point A, the record cross-correlation at receiving point A and B, at B
The multiple arrival time of record subtracts the through arrival time recorded at A, in the positive delay result of cross-correlation；Receiving point
Record cross-correlation at A and C, the multiple arrival time recorded at A, position are subtracted equivalent to the through arrival time recorded at C
In the negative delay result of cross-correlation.
Above-mentioned analytic explanation, because hypocenter distributing is located at earth's surface survey line one end, the back wave for causing to recover is likely located at just
Into Green's function, it is also possible in inverse time Green's function, therefore, when building virtual source trace gather, it should by positive Green's letter
Number is added with inverse time Green's function, the seismic channel data that virtual source excites is obtained, as shown in below equation (3)：
G′(xB,xA, t) and={ G (xB,xA,t)+G(xB,xA,-t)} (3)
Wherein, G ' (xB,xA, t) and represent Green's function new after recovering.
This method is referred to as " summation virtual source trace gather construction method ", and its advantage is after significantly improving and strengthening recovery
Seismic response in significant wave information, shortcoming is to also increase the noise of section to a certain extent.
The shortcomings that in order to overcome summation virtual source trace gather construction method, exemplary embodiment of the invention utilizes quiet phase point
Analysis, it is proposed that a kind of quiet phase virtual source construction method, it comprises the following steps (see Fig. 4)：
Step 1：Selecting a receiver, the parametric receiver is as virtual source A as parametric receiver；
Step 2：One receiver of selection receives as receiver, the reception receiver is received as the virtual source that virtual source excites
Point B；
Step 3：Parametric receiver and the record for receiving receiver are subjected to cross-correlation, be restored back wave；
Step 4：The positive decay part that judgement recovery back wave is located at cross-correlation still bears decay part；
Step 5：Based on judged result, the seismic channel data that virtual source A excites virtual source receiving point B is obtained；
Step 6：Repeat step 2 obtains virtual source A seismic channel set to step 5.
Wherein, in step 3, the record of parametric receiver and reception receiver is subjected to cross-correlation using formula (1),
Be restored back wave, and the positive delay of cross-correlation corresponds to positive Green's function G (xB,xA, t), the negative delay of cross-correlation corresponds to
Inverse time Green's function G (xB,xA,-t)。
In step 4, according to quiet phase potential theory (stationary phase theory), computing cross-correlation is mathematically
Subtract each other equivalent to phase or arrival time subtracts each other, therefore, quiet phase theoretical judgment recovery back wave can be based on and be located at cross-correlation
Positive decay part still bear decay part.Specifically, reference is subtracted when the multiple arrival time for receiving receiver record
When the direct wave arrival time of receiver record is more than zero, recover the positive decay part that back wave is located at cross-correlation；When reception connects
When the multiple arrival time that the direct wave arrival time of receipts device record subtracts parametric receiver record is less than zero, recover back wave
Positioned at the negative decay part of cross-correlation.
It can also judge to recover anti-simplifiedly using the position relationship of the focus in microseism, virtual source and virtual source receiving point
Ejected wave is the positive decay part or negative decay part positioned at cross-correlation.
Specifically, when focus and virtual source receiving point are located at the homonymy of virtual source, judge that recovering back wave is located at cross-correlation
Negative decay part；Conversely, when focus and virtual source receiving point are located at the opposite side of virtual source, judge to recover back wave positioned at mutual
The positive decay part closed.
For example, as shown in figure 3, when focus is located at the lower left of earth's surface survey line, it is assumed that selection parametric receiver A is as empty
Source, when receiving receiver B (i.e. virtual source receiving point) and being located at parametric receiver A right side, (focus is located at virtual source receiving point
The opposite side of virtual source), parametric receiver A and the cross-correlation for receiving receiver B records, according to quiet phase potential theory, equivalent to reception
The arrival time of the first multiple of receiver B records subtracts the arrival time of the direct wave of parametric receiver A records, is greater than
Zero, therefore, recover the positive decay part that back wave is located at cross-correlation.When reception receiver C is located at parametric receiver A left side
When (focus and virtual source receiving point be located at the homonymy of virtual source), parametric receiver A and receive the cross-correlation that receiver C is recorded, root
According to quiet phase potential theory, the arrival time equivalent to the direct wave for receiving receiver C records subtracts the whole process of parametric receiver A records
The arrival time of more subwaves, zero is less than, therefore, recovers the negative decay part that back wave is located at the cross-correlation.
In steps of 5, when judging that recovering back wave is located at the positive decay part of cross-correlation, virtual source A excites virtual source to receive
A point B seismic channel data can be as the Green's function G ' (x of the recovery shown in formula (4)B,xA, t) represent：
G′(xB,xA, t) and=G (xB,xA,t) (4)
Wherein, G (xB,xA, t) represent cross-correlation positive decay part.
When judging that recovering back wave is located at the negative decay part of cross-correlation, virtual source A excites a virtual source receiving point B ground
Shaking track data can be as the Green's function G ' (x of the recovery shown in formula (5)B,xA, t) represent：
G'(xB,xA, t) and=G (xB,xA,-t) (5)
Wherein, G (xB,xA,-t) represent cross-correlation negative decay part.
In step 6, repeat step 2-5, other set receivers is selected successively as virtual source receiving point, according to step
Rapid 3-5 method obtains the seismic channel data that virtual source excites virtual source receiving point, and all seismic channel datas form the earthquake of the virtual source
Trace gather.
This method can significantly improve and strengthen the reflected wave information recovered in seismic response, while also overcome summation
The shortcomings that virtual source trace gather construction method, that is, avoid the false letter caused by positive Green's function is added with inverse time Green's function
Breath.
Using example
In order to illustrate the effect of the present invention, the well hydraulic fracturing work area of somewhere 29 is selected in this example, and Fig. 5 shows the work area
Earth's surface monitoring survey line schematic diagram, wherein survey line density is 123/line, and road spacing is 25m, and receiver is arranged to 12/road,
Smallest offset is away from for 300m, maximum offset 3400m.Continuous Observation 48 hours, each data file length 30s, is adopted
The sample cycle is 2ms.
Fig. 6 a to Fig. 6 c respectively illustrate the firsthand information of survey line, bandpass filtering treatment result and amplitude regularization processing knot
Fruit.On this basis, the seismic response carried out using formula (1) between receiving point is recovered, mutual using only calculating conventional in document
Related positive decay part, but fail to obtain effective back wave, and the earthquake between receiving point is carried out using formula (4) and (5)
Response recovers, and its seismic response restoration result is as shown in fig. 7, wherein Fig. 7 (a) recovers for virtual source positioned at the 1st seismic response
As a result, Fig. 7 (b) is the seismic response restoration result that virtual source is located at the 30th, and Fig. 7 (c) is that virtual source is rung positioned at the 60th ground
Answer restoration result.As can see from Figure 7：Distinguishable reflection is contained in the seismic response recovered according to formula (4) and (5)
Ripple lineups, and it is all preferable in continuity and resolution ratio.
According to the back wave result of recovery, simply dynamic school overlap-add procedure is carried out, shown in its result such as Fig. 8 (b).With the survey
Line position identical surface-seismic data time migration result (Fig. 8 (a)) compares, both in 0.6s, 0.9s, 1.3s, 1.6s and
2.7s reflection line-ups energy quite well.In addition, 0.3s superficial reflex ripple is also recovered simultaneously.
Above-mentioned technical proposal is a kind of embodiment of the present invention, for those skilled in the art, in this hair
On the basis of bright principle disclosed, it is easy to make various types of improvement or deformation, it is above-mentioned specific to be not limited solely to the present invention
The description of embodiment, therefore description above is simply preferable, and not restrictive meaning.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of quiet phase virtual source trace gather construction method, comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Selecting a receiver, the parametric receiver is as virtual source A as parametric receiver；
Step 2：One receiver of selection connects as receiver, the reception receiver is received as the virtual source that the virtual source excites
Sink B；
Step 3：The parametric receiver and the record for receiving receiver are subjected to cross-correlation, be restored back wave；
Step 4：Judge that the positive decay part that the recovery back wave is located at the cross-correlation still bears decay part；
Step 5：Judged result based on step 4, obtain the seismic channel number that the virtual source A excites the virtual source receiving point B
According to；
Step 6：Repeat step 2 obtains the seismic channel set of the virtual source A to step 5.
2. quiet phase virtual source trace gather construction method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, utilizes focus, void
Source A and virtual source receiving point B position relationship, judge that the positive decay part that the recovery back wave is located at the cross-correlation is still born
Decay part.
3. quiet phase virtual source trace gather construction method according to claim 2, wherein in the step 4, when the focus
When being located at the homonymy of the virtual source A with the virtual source receiving point B, judge that the recovery back wave is located at the negative of the cross-correlation and prolonged
Slow part.
4. quiet phase virtual source trace gather construction method according to claim 2, wherein in the step 4, when the focus
When being located at the opposite side of the virtual source A with the virtual source receiving point B, judge that the recovery back wave is being located at the cross-correlation just
Decay part.
5. quiet phase virtual source trace gather construction method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, when the reception
When the direct wave arrival time that the multiple arrival time of receiver record subtracts the parametric receiver record is more than zero, judge
The positive decay part for recovering back wave and being located at the cross-correlation.
6. quiet phase virtual source trace gather construction method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, when the reception
When the multiple arrival time that the direct wave arrival time of receiver record subtracts the parametric receiver record is less than zero, judge
The negative decay part for recovering back wave and being located at the cross-correlation.
7. quiet phase virtual source trace gather construction method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, when described in judgement
When recovery back wave is located at the positive decay part of the cross-correlation, the virtual source A excites an earthquake of the virtual source receiving point B
Green's function G ' (x of the track data as the recovery shown in formula (4)B,xA, t) represent：
G′(xB,xA, t) and=G (xB,xA,t) (4)
Wherein, G (xB,xA, t) and represent the positive decay part of the cross-correlation.
8. quiet phase virtual source trace gather construction method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, when described in judgement
When recovery back wave is located at the negative decay part of the cross-correlation, the virtual source A excites an earthquake of the virtual source receiving point B
Green's function G ' (x of the track data as the recovery shown in formula (5)C,xA, t) represent：
G'(xB,xA, t) and=G (xB,xA,-t) (5)
Wherein, G (xB,xA,-t) and represent the negative decay part of the cross-correlation.
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| CN107843918A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-03-27 | 合肥国为电子有限公司 | A kind of seismic prospecting instrument and its collecting method with negative delay function |
| CN110858000A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2020-03-03 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Seismic data reconstruction method and device, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN110907989A (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2020-03-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method and system for reconstructing quasi-ground seismic reflection wave imaging |
| CN110967734A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Virtual source reconstruction method and system based on fast Fourier transform |
| CN111257938A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-06-09 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Time-lapse seismic virtual source wave field reconstruction method and system based on wavelet cross-correlation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107843918A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-03-27 | 合肥国为电子有限公司 | A kind of seismic prospecting instrument and its collecting method with negative delay function |
| CN107843918B (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2024-01-26 | 合肥国为电子有限公司 | Seismic prospecting instrument with negative delay function and data acquisition method thereof |
| CN110858000A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2020-03-03 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Seismic data reconstruction method and device, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN110858000B (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2021-07-02 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Seismic data reconstruction method and device, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN110907989A (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2020-03-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method and system for reconstructing quasi-ground seismic reflection wave imaging |
| CN110967734A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Virtual source reconstruction method and system based on fast Fourier transform |
| CN110967734B (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2022-03-08 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Virtual source reconstruction method and system based on fast Fourier transform |
| CN111257938A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-06-09 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Time-lapse seismic virtual source wave field reconstruction method and system based on wavelet cross-correlation |
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