CN107402383B - A kind of bi-phase modulated plate and method for implementing radar frequency spectrum shift - Google Patents
A kind of bi-phase modulated plate and method for implementing radar frequency spectrum shift Download PDFInfo
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- CN107402383B CN107402383B CN201710813771.6A CN201710813771A CN107402383B CN 107402383 B CN107402383 B CN 107402383B CN 201710813771 A CN201710813771 A CN 201710813771A CN 107402383 B CN107402383 B CN 107402383B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
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Abstract
The present invention relates to wireless communication fields, and in particular to a kind of bi-phase modulated plate and method for implementing radar frequency spectrum shift, the bi-phase modulated plate include frequency-selective surfaces FSS, dielectric distance layer and metal ground plane composition；Bi-phase modulated plate is constructed by the way that three layers of adjustable frequency reflection modulation plate are arranged based on FSS；The FSS is configured to adjustable resistance, capacitor and inductance；Utilize dynamic transmission line equivalent circuit founding mathematical models；According to the frequency spectrum shift in Study on Mathematic Model bi-phase modulated face；When bi-phase modulated face is in high impedance and low impedance state, the average reflection coefficient in cycle time is 0, and the energy of radar reflection echo is shifted on sideband；In the case of other, multiple reflections will be present in modulation panel, it will change the frequency response characteristic of system；The bi-phase modulated plate that the present invention designs, the energy that can will reflect back into wave is moved on sideband, while reducing reflection coefficient, has good wave-sucking performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to radar invisible fields, and in particular to it is a kind of implement radar frequency spectrum shift bi-phase modulated plate and side
Method.
Background technique
With the development of Radar Technology, the frequency range of radar is from 8-12GHz (X frequency range), 12-18GHz (Ku frequency range)
It is extended to 2-18GHz, it is therefore desirable to propose the material and then design radar-wave absorbing device that can be worked in low-frequency range high bandwidth.UHF
(300MHz~3000MHz) radar emits a branch of electromagnetic energy using the electric wave and directional aerial of modulation, utilizes its electric wave wavelength
Relatively long feature can detect the features such as speed, the angle of the mobile target of overlength distance, be widely used in strategic early-warning
All kinds of detection systems in land, sea, air in.The radar signal propagated in the frequency range is flexible with arrival bearing, bandwidth is larger (>
20%), very likely using multifrequency point or frequency modulation, waveform using linear frequency modulation (Linear Frequency Modulation,
Abbreviation LFM) the features such as.The chief threat of uhf band derives from remote radar system, their flexible working mode, bandwidth
Larger (> 20%), and when the electromagnetic wave of the frequency range is propagated in common electromagnetic material, electric field, magnetic field and wave vector side
To meeting right-hand rule between three, and dielectric constant and magnetic conductivity are fixed, relevant parameter is positive, with positive refractive index, thus
The electromagnetic property of system can not neatly be changed, this is to engineer in design radar cross section (Radar Cross-
Section, abbreviation RCS) material when propose quite high challenge.
In recent years, various artificial composite materials be used to manufacture ultrathin wideband radar absorption device, wherein electromagnetism Meta Materials at
For the hot spot that industry and academia are studied, it is a kind of dielectric constant and magnetic conductivity can be controlled artificially, each parameter can just be born
Novel artificial composite electromagnetic material, can be used to design radar absorbing (Radar absorbing materials, referred to as
RAM), and the frequency spectrum shift based on electromagnetism Meta Materials be realize radar-wave absorbing device structure design key technology.It is super using electromagnetism
The controllability of material electromagnetic property can be designed that a kind of frequency spectrum reflection modulation plate, make the electricity for the electromagnetic wave being radiated in plate face
Magnetic characteristic changes.
Frequency-selective surfaces (Frequency selective surface, abbreviation FSS) are a kind of periodic array in two dimensions knots
Structure, can be regarded as a kind of spatial filter, frequency response characteristic by unit size size, arrangement mode, dielectric substrate, enter
The factors such as firing angle degree influence.A variety of radar-wave absorbing device structures based on FSS are proposed in document, such as wave is inhaled in the reflection of single layer resistance
Device, multiple layer metal Meta Materials wave absorbing device, non-magnetic wideband radar wave absorbing device etc..These structures respectively have superiority and inferiority, and show difference
Wave-sucking performance, be suitable for specific working frequency and bandwidth of operation.Catoptric arrangement based on FSS can be classified as damage FSSs and
Metal FSSs, the former minimizes scattering energy by resistance and dielectric, and the latter is for improving bandwidth of operation.Based on FSS's
Radar-wave absorbing surface is once designed and manufactured, and electromagnetic property will immobilize, thus cannot be used for complicated variable environment, more
Cannot to big bandwidth, multi-direction, like-polarized complex radar signal does not carry out frequency spectrum shift.In order at resonance frequency to incidence
Electromagnetic wave carries out total reflection or full transmission, needs to be realized the bi-phase modulated of radar incidence incoming wave with simple equivalent circuit, into
And the dynamic change between high Low ESR dynamic.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, proposes a kind of implementation radar frequency spectrum and remove
The bi-phase modulated plate and method of shifting, comprising:
A kind of bi-phase modulated plate for implementing radar frequency spectrum shift, including bi-phase modulated plate, the bi-phase modulated plate include frequency
Rate selects surface FSS, dielectric distance layer and metal ground plane.
Further, FSS is active impedance layer, the dielectric distance layer is dielectric layer, the metallic ground with a thickness of d
Layer is metal backing, and the impedance of active impedance layer can be converted between various impedance states with extraneous control signal.It is ideal
In the case of, Controllable Active layer is converted between fully transparent (R=∞) and fully reflective (R=0) two states.
Further, as d=λ/4, the reflection signal phase difference under both states is 180 °, and composite signal is suitable
In binary phase modulated signal, also referred to as bi-phase modulated plate.
Further, the active impedance layer of impedance adjustable includes the reflection layered transducer elements of variable semiconductor, wherein adjustable half
The reflection layered transducer elements of conductor are a kind of periodic structures, then the characteristic impedance of the transient state of FSS according to equivalent resistance, capacitor and
Inductance and obtain.
Further, bi-phase modulated plate is configured to FSS dynamic transmission line equivalent circuit, design adjustable FSS impedance and/or
FSS admittance obtains the impedance relationship in bi-phase modulated face.
Further, FSS dynamic transmission line equivalent circuit further includes that the transmission line of phase-modulation surface wave-absorbing material is equivalent
Circuit, including length are d, and characteristic admittance Y, propagation constant is the shorted end transmission line of β.
The invention proposes a kind of methods for carrying out radar frequency spectrum shift using bi-phase modulated plate, comprising:
Three layers of adjustable frequency reflection modulation plate are set based on FSS and construct bi-phase modulated plate；
The FSS is configured to resistance capacitance and inductance；
Utilize dynamic transmission line equivalent circuit founding mathematical models；
According to the frequency spectrum shift in Study on Mathematic Model bi-phase modulated face.
Further, the frequency hop modulation panel is equivalent to resistance, capacitor and inductance, comprising: the bi-phase modulated
Plate is made of the reflection layered transducer elements for being loaded with variable semiconductor, is a kind of periodic structure, the spy of the transient state of bi-phase modulated plate
Sign impedance can be indicated with one group of effective resistance, capacitor and inductance；
It further, include: phase-modulation surface wave-absorbing material using dynamic transmission line equivalent circuit founding mathematical models
Transmission-line equivalent circuit include length be d, characteristic admittance Y, propagation constant be β shorted end transmission line and input terminal
Variable admittance Y (t):
Wherein, τ is to can be changed admittance Y (t) in a cycle to be in state Y1Duration, that is to say t moment Y (t) by
State Y1It is transferred to state Y2；T is the signal period for controlling Y (t) state；
The effective impedance of the transmission-line equivalent circuit are as follows:
Wherein,For FSS surface characteristics impedance, j indicates imaginary unit, and ω is angular frequency；
RsFor the surface FSS equivalent resistance, LsFor the surface FSS equivalent inductance, CsFor the surface FSS equivalent capacity, Z0Indicate free space resistance
It is anti-；The medium that the propagation constant is β is free space, and β=2 π/λ, λ are to carry out the corresponding wavelength of signal basic frequency；
Reciprocal is asked to the effective impedance of the equivalent circuit, obtains state Y1With state Y2The input on phase-modulation surface is led
It receives, indicates are as follows:
Yin1=Y1-jY0cotβd
Yin2=Y2-jY0cotβd
Wherein, Y0It is the admittance of free space, state Y1With state Y2Under incidence end reflection coefficient be respectively as follows:
ρ1With ρ2For plural number, when bi-phase modulated surface shows frequency spectrum shift performance at specific frequency point, in cycle time
Interior average reflection coefficient is 0, it may be assumed that
Wherein, ρ (t) is reflection coefficient, if modulated signal is an ideal square wave, average reflection coefficient can be indicated are as follows:
Thus haveAs τ=0.5T, then have:
D=0.25 λ is enabled, λ is the corresponding wavelength of incoming wave basic frequency of signal rate, at this point, β d=0.5 π, cot β d=0, Ke Yijin
One step obtains:
The impedance of FSS is divided into Z1=1/Y1, Z2=1/Y2, corresponding impedance relationship are as follows:
Further, the frequency spectrum shift in Study on Mathematic Model bi-phase modulated face includes: equivalent according to the dynamic transmission line
Two states of high and low impedance that circuit obtains carry out the modulation of two-phase perseverance mould to incidence wave, realize the frequency spectrum shift to back wave.
The bi-phase modulated plate that the present invention designs, the energy that can will reflect back into wave are moved on sideband, while reducing reflection system
Number has good wave-sucking performance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is tri- layers of reflection modulation plate schematic diagram of FSS of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is reflected phase modulation panel status diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the method flow diagram that the present invention carries out radar frequency spectrum shift using bi-phase modulated plate；
Fig. 4 is the transmission-line equivalent circuit of bi-phase modulated plate of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the reflected phase and reflection coefficient of the ideal bi-phase modulated plate of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing to of the invention real
The technical solution applied in example is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is only that present invention a part is implemented
Example, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making creativeness
Every other embodiment obtained, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention under the premise of labour.
The invention will be further described with specific embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing:
The invention proposes a kind of bi-phase modulated plates and method for implementing radar frequency spectrum shift, comprising:
A kind of device of the radar frequency spectrum shift of bi-phase modulated plate, including bi-phase modulated plate, the bi-phase modulated plate include
FSS, dielectric distance layer and metal ground plane, as shown in Figure 1.
Further, FSS be active impedance layer, dielectric distance layer be with a thickness of dielectric layer, the metal ground plane of d be metal
Backboard, as shown in Fig. 2, the impedance of active impedance layer can be converted between various impedance states with extraneous control signal.Reason
In the case of thinking, Controllable Active layer is converted between fully transparent (R=∞) and fully reflective (R=0) two states.
Further, as d=λ/4, the reflection signal phase difference under both states is 180 °, and composite signal is suitable
In binary phase modulated signal, also referred to as bi-phase modulated plate.
Further, when centre frequency is fcUnit strength plane wave vertical irradiation surface when, this reflection signal point
It is not represented by cos (2 π fcAnd cos (2 π f t)cT+ β d), wherein β=2 π/λ is the propagation constant of electromagnetic wave in the dielectric layer.
Further, the active impedance layer of impedance adjustable includes the reflection layered transducer elements of variable semiconductor, wherein adjustable half
The reflection layered transducer elements of conductor are a kind of periodic structures, then the characteristic impedance of the transient state of FSS according to equivalent resistance, capacitor and
Inductance and obtain.
Further, bi-phase modulated plate is configured to FSS dynamic transmission line equivalent circuit, design adjustable FSS impedance and/or
FSS admittance obtains the impedance relationship in bi-phase modulated face.
A method of radar frequency spectrum shift being carried out using bi-phase modulated plate, as shown in Figure 3, comprising:
Three layers of adjustable frequency reflection modulation plate are set based on FSS and construct bi-phase modulated plate；
The FSS is equivalent to resistance capacitance and inductance；
Utilize dynamic transmission line equivalent circuit founding mathematical models；
According to the frequency spectrum shift in Study on Mathematic Model bi-phase modulated face.
Further, the frequency hop modulation panel is equivalent to resistance capacitance and inductance includes: the bi-phase modulated plate
Reflection layered transducer elements by being loaded with variable semiconductor form, and are a kind of periodic structure, the feature resistance of bi-phase modulated plate transient state
It is anti-to be indicated with one group of effective resistance, capacitor and inductance；
It further, include: phase-modulation surface wave-absorbing material using dynamic transmission line equivalent circuit founding mathematical models
Transmission-line equivalent circuit include length be d, characteristic admittance Y, propagation constant be β shorted end transmission line and input terminal
Variable admittance Y (t), the medium that propagation constant is β, which is FSS, provides phase difference between perfect electric conductor PEC, wherein PEC can
To be a kind of metal backing, as shown in Figure 4:
Wherein, τ is to can be changed admittance Y (t) in a cycle to be in state Y1Duration, that is to say t moment Y (t) by
State Y1It is transferred to state Y2；T is the signal period for controlling Y (t) state；
The effective impedance of the transmission-line equivalent circuit are as follows:
Wherein,For FSS surface characteristics impedance, j indicates imaginary unit, and ω is angular frequency；
RsFor the surface FSS equivalent resistance, LsFor the surface FSS equivalent inductance, CsFor the surface FSS equivalent capacity, Z0Indicate free space resistance
It is anti-；The medium that the propagation constant is β is free space, and β=2 π/λ, λ are to carry out the corresponding wavelength of signal basic frequency；
Further, reciprocal is asked to the effective impedance of the equivalent circuit, obtains state Y1With state Y2Phase-modulation surface
Input admittance, indicate are as follows:
Yin1=Y1-jY0cotβd
Yin2=Y2-jY0cotβd
Wherein, Y0It is the admittance of free space, state Y1With state Y2Under incidence end reflection coefficient be respectively as follows:
Wherein, state Y1With state Y2Under incidence end reflectance magnitude be respectively as follows:
ρ1With ρ2For plural number, when bi-phase modulated surface shows frequency spectrum shift performance at specific frequency point, in cycle time
Interior average reflection coefficient is 0, it may be assumed that
Wherein, ρ (t) is reflection coefficient, if modulated signal is an ideal square wave, average reflection coefficient can be indicated are as follows:
According to above formula, can be obtained
Further, as τ=0.5T, then have:
According to above formula, can be obtainedAt this point, β d=0.5 π, cot
β d=0 can be obtained further:
D=0.25 λ is enabled, then is had:
The impedance of FSS is divided into Z1=1/Y1, Z2=1/Y2, corresponding impedance relationship are as follows:
Further, in practical applications, the electricity that the active impedance layer on bi-phase modulated surface is usually controlled by PIN diode
FSS is adjusted to be formed.
Bi-phase modulated plate based on design, the reflection characteristic in the case where different equivalent circuit length are as shown in table 1.
Reflection characteristic under 1 different equivalent circuit length of table
| D=0.25 λc | d≠0.25λc | |
| Average reflection coefficient | 0 | It is directly proportional to cos (β d) |
| Reflection characteristic | Leading portion and metal backing reflection | Multiple internal reflection |
Further, the frequency spectrum shift in Study on Mathematic Model bi-phase modulated face includes: equivalent according to the dynamic transmission line
Two states of high and low impedance that circuit obtains carry out the modulation of two-phase perseverance mould to incidence wave, realize the frequency spectrum shift to back wave.
The bi-phase modulated plate that the present invention designs, the energy that can will reflect back into wave are moved on sideband, while reducing reflection system
Number has good wave-sucking performance.
As a kind of arbitrary way, general single layer modulation surface only has one layer of active impedance layer and a metal backing.
In the case where some special applications, such as the empennage of guided missile, this structure is very thin, and needs to shield and come from both direction
Incident electromagnetic wave, at this point, replacing metal backing will be more effective with other one layer of active impedance layer.At work, two layers it is active
The impedance of impedance layer can change, if control is whithin a period of time, repeating this process can be real in two directions
Existing good absorbing property.
Further, ideally, the reflected phase of modulation panel and its reflection coefficient be as shown in figure 5, ideally,
The impedance Z of modulation panel1At 0 ohm of ≈, ρ1→ -1, phase is then opposite；Z2At ∞ ohm of ≈, ρ1→+1, phase then same phase.At this point,
Radar incidence wave is only reflected on the front end on frequency modulation(PFM) surface and metal backing, and multiple reflections will not occur for inside, thus
In cycle time T, average reflection coefficient ρaverage=0, the ability of radar reflection echo has been shifted on the secondary lobe of signal.
As d ≠ 0.25 λ, ρaverageDirectly proportional to cos (β d), the incidence wave of part front end will enter the inside of modulation plate face, cause
Multiple reflections change the frequency response characteristic of system.
Further, traditional reflection modulation plate only has one layer of FSS, and the FSS single layer catoptric arrangement is by a large amount of passive
The cyclic array of resonant element composition, impedance are fixed, and cannot change impedance state with extraneous control signal dynamics.It passes
Although one layer of FSS of system can carry out total reflection or full transmission to incident electromagnetic wave at resonance frequency, letter can not be used
Single equivalent circuit realization, can not dynamic mapping reflective condition.
Frequency hop modulation panel of the invention is designed to three-decker, by the reflection oscillator battle array for being loaded with variable semiconductor
Column composition, is a kind of periodic structure, the characteristic impedance of transient state can be indicated with one group of effective resistance, capacitor and inductance；
No matter any polarization mode is presented in radar incoming signal, and being irradiated to the modulation panel all is the equal of applying voltage drive, it will is produced
Raw resonance current, this electric current are controlled by the variable semiconductor on reflection modulation plate；If polarization condition is suitable, high and low resistance will be formed
Resist two states, and then the modulation of two-phase perseverance mould is carried out to incidence wave；The bi-phase modulated plate that the present invention designs, can will reflect back into wave
Energy is moved on sideband, while reducing reflection coefficient, has good wave-sucking performance.
It should be understood that being above different implementations of the invention, the non-description section of Installation practice can join
The description of test method embodiment corresponding portion, vice versa.
Above embodiments of the present invention have been further described the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, institute
It should be understood that embodiment provided above or embodiment are only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, not to limit
System is of the invention, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. made for the present invention,
It should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of method for carrying out radar frequency spectrum shift using bi-phase modulated plate characterized by comprising
Three layers of adjustable frequency reflection modulation plate are set based on frequency-selective surfaces FSS and construct bi-phase modulated plate；
The FSS is configured to resistance, capacitor and inductance；
Utilize dynamic transmission line equivalent circuit founding mathematical models；
The frequency spectrum shift in bi-phase modulated face is carried out according to the mathematical model；
Wherein, it is described using dynamic transmission line equivalent circuit founding mathematical models include: phase-modulation surface wave-absorbing material biography
Defeated line equivalent circuit includes that length is d, and characteristic admittance Y, propagation constant is the shorted end transmission line of β；Input terminal can be changed
Admittance Y (t):
Wherein, τ is to can be changed admittance Y (t) in a cycle to be in state Y1Duration, that is to say t moment Y (t) by state Y1
It is transferred to state Y2；T is the signal period for controlling Y (t) state；
The effective impedance of the transmission-line equivalent circuit are as follows:
Wherein,For FSS surface characteristics impedance, j indicates imaginary unit, and ω is angular frequency, RsFor
The surface FSS equivalent resistance, LsFor the surface FSS equivalent inductance, CsFor the surface FSS equivalent capacity, Z0Indicate free space impedance；Institute
Stating the medium that propagation constant is β is free space, and β=2 π/λ, λ are to carry out the corresponding wavelength of signal basic frequency；
Reciprocal is asked to the effective impedance of the equivalent circuit, obtains state Y1With state Y2The input admittance on phase-modulation surface, table
It is shown as:
Yin1=Y1-jY0cotβd
Yin2=Y2-jY0cotβd
Wherein, Y0It is the admittance of free space, state Y1With state Y2Under incidence end reflection coefficient be respectively as follows:
ρ1With ρ2For plural number, when bi-phase modulated surface shows frequency spectrum shift performance at specific frequency point, within cycle time
Average reflection coefficient ρaverageIt is 0, it may be assumed that
Wherein, ρ (t) is reflection coefficient, if modulated signal is an ideal square wave, average reflection coefficient ρaverageIt can indicate are as follows:
As τ=0.5T, then have:
D=0.25 λ is enabled, then is had:
The impedance of FSS is divided into Z1=1/Y1, Z2=1/Y2, corresponding impedance relationship are as follows:
2. a kind of method for carrying out radar frequency spectrum shift using bi-phase modulated plate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
It is described to be based on FSS three layers of adjustable frequency reflection modulation plate are arranged to construct bi-phase modulated plates including: that the bi-phase modulated plate is configured to
Adjustable FSS, dielectric distance layer and metal ground plane three-decker.
3. a kind of method for carrying out radar frequency spectrum shift using bi-phase modulated plate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
It is described that the FSS is equivalent to resistance, capacitor and inductance, comprising: frequency-selective surfaces FSS is a kind of periodic structure, wink
State characteristic impedance is indicated with one group of effective resistance, capacitor and inductance.
4. a kind of method for carrying out radar frequency spectrum shift using bi-phase modulated plate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The frequency spectrum shift that bi-phase modulated face is carried out according to the mathematical model includes: to be obtained according to the dynamic transmission line equivalent circuit
Two states of the high and low impedance arrived carry out the modulation of two-phase perseverance mould to radar incidence wave, realize the frequency spectrum shift to back wave.
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| CN108664746B (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2022-05-20 | 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 | Frequency selection surface approximate analysis method based on double-line transmission line model |
| CN108832304B (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2020-12-18 | 重庆邮电大学 | Ultrahigh frequency two-phase modulation board with dual-polarized frequency selection surface and use method thereof |
| CN109489485B (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2024-02-09 | 浙江大学 | Self-adaptive super-surface electromagnetic stealth clothing system and working method thereof |
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