CN107400385A - A kind of thicker fire-resistant coating for steel structure - Google Patents
A kind of thicker fire-resistant coating for steel structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN107400385A CN107400385A CN201610331601.XA CN201610331601A CN107400385A CN 107400385 A CN107400385 A CN 107400385A CN 201610331601 A CN201610331601 A CN 201610331601A CN 107400385 A CN107400385 A CN 107400385A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/16—Preparation of silica xerogels
- C01B33/163—Preparation of silica xerogels by hydrolysis of organosilicon compounds, e.g. ethyl orthosilicate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/18—Fireproof paints including high temperature resistant paints
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of thicker fire-resistant coating for steel structure, the coating has used aerosil, especially by the aerosil of hydrophobic modification as thermal insulating filling, it has water-fast, impervious, impact resistance, high temperature resistant, dry density low, the advantages that service life is long, the fire endurance of steel construction can be greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fireproof coating technical field, more particularly to a kind of thicker fire-resistant coating for steel structure, a kind of dioxy is further related to
SiClx aeroge.
Background technology
Steel structure system has from heavy and light, using space is big, installation is easy, short construction period, anti-seismic performance are good, investment
The advantages that gain quick return, low in the pollution of the environment, it is widely used in the heavy constructions such as gymnasium, exhibition center, industrial premises.But its
There is the deadly defect of fire resistance difference again.In the case of normal load, steel construction can lose carrying effect at 540 DEG C or so,
Especially under hydro carbons fire field environment, temperature generally rose to 1000 DEG C within 10 minutes, under such circumstances, steel knot
Deformation occurs in structure quickly, produces local failure, and lose bearing capacity.To improve the fire resistance of steel construction, generally in steel
Structure peripheral improves the fire endurance of building with fireproof coating cladding.
Fire-resistant coating for steel structure is broadly divided into thin section steel structure fire-resisting paint and thicker fire-resistant coating for steel structure, and they have following
It is different：
1st, thickness is different：Slim 3-7mm；Thicker 8-45mm.
2nd, fire prevention principle makes a big difference：Slim to expand heat-insulated, generation inert gas fire-fighting by meeting fire, thicker is not swollen
It is swollen to be prevented fires by itself mechanism of heat insulation.
3rd, thin section steel structure fire-resisting paint can produce fire-suppressant gas, while certain harm is had to people, and thicker steel construction is prevented
Fiery coating does not produce flue gas, green.
4th, fire endurance：Thin section steel structure fire-resisting paint national regulation highest 2.5 hours, thicker fire-resistant coating for steel structure energy
Reach more than 3.0 fire endurance.
Due to thin section steel structure fire-resisting paint less stable, weatherability is also shorter with service life, and thicker steel structure fireproofing
Paint stability is strong.Therefore, in the case where fire resistance period also has thickness to meet, thicker fire-resistant coating for steel structure is more excellent
Selection.
At present, in commercially available thicker fire-resistant coating for steel structure, the thermal conductivity of most of product is close or larger than 0.1
W/(m*K).Also, the density of its product is also larger, the load of steel construction is added, reduces the pay(useful) load of steel construction.
Therefore, it is necessary to be improved to thicker fire-resistant coating for steel structure, obtain that a kind of thermal conductivity is lower, the lower production of density
Product.
The content of the invention
To solve the above problems, the invention provides a kind of thicker fire-resistant coating for steel structure, the weight proportion of its component are as follows：
Powder：100 parts；
Water：70~130 parts；
Wherein, the weight proportion of powder component is as follows：
Bentonite：0~10 part；
Precipitated calcium carbonate：0~15 part；
Expanded vermiculite：0~20 part；
Mica：0~5 part；
Expanded perlite：10~15 parts；
Aerosil：10~20 parts；
PP chopped strands：0~1 part；
Sodium metasilicate：0~1 part；
Bonding agent：5~15 parts.
Further, the weight proportion of the powder component is as follows：
5 parts of bentonite；
12 parts of precipitated calcium carbonate；
14 parts of expanded vermiculite；
1 part of mica；
10 parts of expanded perlite；
Aerosil：12-20 parts；
0.06 part of sodium metasilicate；
PP chopped strands：0.03 part,
Bonding agent：10 parts.
Further, the parts by weight of the aerosil are 20 parts.
Further, the number of the water is 70 parts.
Further, the binding agent is any of portland cement, aluminate cement or two kinds.
Further, the aerosil is at least to be modified by a kind of silane coupler surface.
The surface is modified the hydrophilic radical referred to certain hydrophobic surface modifier substitution Silica hydrogel surface.Therefore it is selected
Modifying agent should be the reagent that its hydrophilic radical can react with-the OH on silicon based aerogel, general according to reaction
Esterification reaction method, surface graft modification method, modification by coupling etc. can be divided into.
Wherein, the present invention is using modification by coupling.In numerous coupling agents, what the present invention selected is silane coupler,
This kind of compound includes the compound that following formulas represent：RSiX3, in formula：R is organic group, and X is easy to water to be some
The group of solution, such as chlorine, methoxy or ethoxy.Also include trim,ethylchlorosilane, hexamethyl dioxy silane, triethyl group chlorine
Silane, bromotrimethylsilane etc..
Further, the aerosil by trim,ethylchlorosilane, hexamethyl dioxy silane, chlorotriethyl silane,
Any of bromotrimethylsilane or two or more aggregate surfaces are modified.
Further, the aerosil is modified by the aggregate surface of trim,ethylchlorosilane and hexamethyl dioxy silane,
The mol ratio of wherein trim,ethylchlorosilane and hexamethyl dioxy silane is 2：5~1：9.
Further, the aerosil is prepared by the following method：
(1) silicon dioxide gel is prepared：
By the mixing of tetraethyl orthosilicate, water and ethanol, hydrolyzed under sour environment, obtain silicon dioxide gel；
(2) silica wet gel is prepared：
The silicon dioxide gel for taking step (1) to obtain, the cross-linked gel under alkaline environment, obtains silica wet gel；
(3) silica wet gel that surface is modified is prepared：
The silica wet gel for taking step (2) to obtain, solvent displacement, is placed in the hexane solution of silane coupler
Row surface modification, obtain the silica wet gel of surface modification；
(4) aerosil that surface is modified is prepared：
The silica wet gel that the surface for taking step (3) to obtain is modified, is drying to obtain.
In the preparation of aerosil, main two steps of drying process including sol-gel process and wet gel.
Drying process is to prepare the committed step of aeroge, by reasonable drying means, can make in gel structure hole solution gradually quilt
Air substitutes discharge, while avoids caving in and destroying for gel network structure, assigns aeroge good heat-proof quality.Through
Interfacial tension in drying process between silica and solvent can be reduced by crossing surface hydrophobicity modification gel skeleton, protect gel
Frame structure, while avoid aeroge its loose structure in aqueous environments from being destroyed.
Further, in step (1), the mol ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, water and ethanol is 1：(7~9)：2.
Further, in step (1), the pH value of the sour environment is 4.7.
Further, in step (2), the pH value of the alkaline environment is 8.6.
Further, it is characterised in that：In step (2), the temperature of the gelation is 25 DEG C.
Further, in the hexane solution of the silane coupler of the step (3), the weight fraction of silane coupler is
40~60%.
Further, in the hexane solution of the silane coupler of the step (3), the weight fraction of silane coupler is
60%.
Further, in step (4), the method for the drying is as follows：
The silica wet gel that surface is modified is separately dried 8 hours, 4 hours and 2 at 60 DEG C, 90 DEG C, 120 DEG C
Hour.
Further, the aerosil is spheric granules, a diameter of 50~150nm.
Further, the length of the PP chopped strands is 3~6mm.
Further, the thicker fire-resistant coating for steel structure is the thicker fire-resistant coating for steel structure for protecting hydrocarbon fire.
Thicker fire-resistant coating for steel structure provided by the invention, the coating has used aerosil, especially by hydrophobic
The aerosil of modification is as thermal insulating filling, and it has, and water-fast, impervious, impact resistance, high temperature resistant, dry density are low,
The advantages that service life is long, the fire endurance of steel construction can be greatly improved.
It the experiment proved that, compared with the fireproof coating comparative example for not adding aerosil, the present invention has beneficial below
Effect：
1) thermal conductivity is low, can as little as 0.06W/ (m*K), compared with comparative example, 46.4% is reduced, far below GB14907
In requirement to coating thermal conductivity；
2) dry density of coating is low, can as little as 340kg/m3, compared with comparative example, reduce 22.7%, it is possible to reduce apply
The incrementss to steel construction deadweight are expected, so as to improve the pay(useful) load of steel construction.
3) present invention is used as response type couplant by sodium metasilicate, improves interface interaction power of the aerogel particle in coating,
Coating has good mechanical property, service life length.
Obviously, according to the above of the present invention, according to the ordinary technical knowledge and customary means of this area, this is not being departed from
Under the premise of inventing above-mentioned basic fundamental thought, the modification, replacement or change of other diversified forms can also be made.
The embodiment of form by the following examples, the above of the present invention is described in further detail again.
But the scope that this should not be interpreted as to the above-mentioned theme of the present invention is only limitted to following example.It is all real based on the above of the present invention institute
Existing technology belongs to the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment
Portland cement is that Lafarge Cement Co., Ltd produces Lafarge board P.O 42.5R Portland cements；Its
Its reagent is Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Sinopharm Group's production.
Thermal conductivity is tested at 25 DEG C by EKO companies production HC-074 type thermal conductivity instrument and obtained.
Embodiment 1
Using the silicon source that tetraethyl orthosilicate tetraethyl orthosilicate is aeroge, tetraethyl orthosilicate tetraethyl orthosilicate is placed in
The in the mixed solvent of water and ethanol, wherein three's molar ratio are tetraethyl orthosilicate tetraethyl orthosilicate：Ethanol：Water=1：
7：2.Using hydrogen chloride as acid catalyst, pH to 4.7 is adjusted, 12h is hydrolyzed at 25 DEG C, obtains organic silicon sol；To
The organic silicon sol of acquisition adds ammonium hydroxide and cooks base catalyst, adjusts pH to 8.6, under ultrasonic wave added, 25 DEG C of progress
Cross-linked gel, then through 24h agings, obtain Silica hydrogel；Replaced by solvent, use trim,ethylchlorosilane and hexamethyl dioxy
Silane molar ratio is 1：5.5 60wt% hexane solutions are replaced once for every eight hours, 3 times altogether, stand 24 hours,
Surface modification 24h is carried out, obtains the Silica hydrogel of hydrophobic modification；By the Silica hydrogel of hydrophobic modification after Ultrasonic Pulverization, through 60 DEG C,
It is separately dried at 90 DEG C, 120 DEG C 8 hours, 4 hours and 2 hours, obtains aerosil thermal insulating filling.
By 5 parts of bentonite, 12 parts of precipitated calcium carbonate, 14 parts of expanded vermiculite, 1 part of mica, 10 parts of expanded perlite,
2 parts of silica 1,0.06 part of sodium metasilicate, 0.03 part of PP chopped strands, 10 parts of portland cement are carried out by weight proportion
Agravic mixing 10min, measuring seal take on material.It is 1 according to the ratio between powder and water：0.7 ratio stirs, by weight
Amount is than meter, you can uses.Gained coating sample dry density is 387kg/m3, thermal conductivity is 0.072W/ (m*K), and stretching is strong
Spend for 0.45MPa.
Embodiment 2
Using the silicon source that tetraethyl orthosilicate tetraethyl orthosilicate is aeroge, tetraethyl orthosilicate tetraethyl orthosilicate is placed in
The in the mixed solvent of water and ethanol, wherein three's molar ratio are tetraethyl orthosilicate tetraethyl orthosilicate：Ethanol：Water=1：
7：2.Using hydrogen chloride as acid catalyst, pH to 4.7 is adjusted, 12h is hydrolyzed at 25 DEG C, obtains organic silicon sol；To
The organic silicon sol of acquisition adds ammonium hydroxide and cooks base catalyst, adjusts pH to 8.6, under ultrasonic wave added, 25 DEG C of progress
Cross-linked gel, then through 24h agings, obtain Silica hydrogel；Replaced by solvent, be placed in trim,ethylchlorosilane and hexamethyl dioxy
Silane molar ratio is 1：Surface modification 24h is carried out in 5.5 60wt% hexane solutions, the silicon for obtaining hydrophobic modification coagulates
Glue；By the Silica hydrogel of hydrophobic modification after Ultrasonic Pulverization, through be separately dried at 60 DEG C, 90 DEG C, 120 DEG C 8 hours, it is 4 small
When and 2 hours, obtain aerosil thermal insulating filling.
By 5 parts of bentonite, 12 parts of precipitated calcium carbonate, 14 parts of expanded vermiculite, 1 part of mica, 10 parts of expanded perlite,
6 parts of silica 1,0.06 part of sodium metasilicate, 0.03 part of PP chopped strands, 10 parts of portland cement are carried out by weight proportion
Agravic mixing 10min, measuring seal take on material.It is 1 according to the ratio between powder and water：0.7 ratio stirs, by weight
Amount is than meter, you can uses.Gained coating sample dry density is 354kg/m3, thermal conductivity is 0.068W/ (m*K), and stretching is strong
Spend for 0.40MPa..
Embodiment 3
Using the silicon source that tetraethyl orthosilicate tetraethyl orthosilicate is aeroge, tetraethyl orthosilicate tetraethyl orthosilicate is placed in
The in the mixed solvent of water and ethanol, wherein three's molar ratio are tetraethyl orthosilicate tetraethyl orthosilicate：Ethanol：Water=1：
9：2.Using hydrogen chloride as acid catalyst, pH to 4.7 is adjusted, 12h is hydrolyzed at 25 DEG C, obtains organic silicon sol；To
The organic silicon sol of acquisition adds ammonium hydroxide and cooks base catalyst, adjusts pH to 8.6, under ultrasonic wave added, 25 DEG C of progress
Cross-linked gel, then through 24h agings, obtain Silica hydrogel；Replaced by solvent, be placed in trim,ethylchlorosilane and hexamethyl dioxy
Silane molar ratio is 1：Surface modification 24h is carried out in 5.5 60wt% hexane solutions, the silicon for obtaining hydrophobic modification coagulates
Glue；By the Silica hydrogel of hydrophobic modification after Ultrasonic Pulverization, through be separately dried at 60 DEG C, 90 DEG C, 120 DEG C 8 hours, it is 4 small
When and 2 hours, obtain aerosil thermal insulating filling.
By 5 parts of bentonite, 12 parts of precipitated calcium carbonate, 14 parts of expanded vermiculite, 1 part of mica, 10 parts of expanded perlite,
20 parts of silica, 0.06 part of sodium metasilicate, 0.03 part of PP chopped strands, 10 parts of portland cement are carried out by weight proportion
Agravic mixing 10min, measuring seal take on material.It is 1 according to the ratio between powder and water：0.7 ratio stirs, by weight
Amount is than meter, you can uses.Gained coating sample dry density is 340kg/m3, thermal conductivity is that 0.060W/ (m*K) stretchings are strong
Spend for 0.44MPa.
Embodiment 4
Using the silicon source that tetraethyl orthosilicate tetraethyl orthosilicate is aeroge, tetraethyl orthosilicate tetraethyl orthosilicate is placed in
The in the mixed solvent of water and ethanol, wherein three's molar ratio are tetraethyl orthosilicate tetraethyl orthosilicate：Ethanol：Water=1：
7：2.Using hydrogen chloride as acid catalyst, pH to 4.7 is adjusted, 12h is hydrolyzed at 25 DEG C, obtains organic silicon sol；To
The organic silicon sol of acquisition adds ammonium hydroxide and cooks base catalyst, adjusts pH to 8.6, under ultrasonic wave added, 25 DEG C of progress
Cross-linked gel, then through 24h agings, obtain Silica hydrogel；Replaced by solvent, use trim,ethylchlorosilane and hexamethyl dioxy
Silane molar ratio is 1：5.5 60wt% hexane solutions are replaced once for every eight hours, 3 times altogether, stand 24 hours
Surface modification 24h is carried out, obtains the Silica hydrogel of hydrophobic modification；By the Silica hydrogel of hydrophobic modification after Ultrasonic Pulverization, through 60 DEG C,
It is separately dried at 90 DEG C, 120 DEG C 8 hours, 4 hours and 2 hours, obtains aerosil thermal insulating filling.
By 5 parts of bentonite, 12 parts of precipitated calcium carbonate, 14 parts of expanded vermiculite, 1 part of mica, 10 parts of expanded perlite,
2 parts of silica 1,0.03 part of PP chopped strands, 10 parts of portland cement carry out agravic mixing 10min by weight proportion,
Measuring seal takes on material.It is 1 according to the ratio between powder and water：0.7 ratio stirs, by weight, you can uses.
Gained coating sample dry density is 387kg/m3, thermal conductivity is 0.078W/ (m*K), tensile strength 0.18MPa.
Comparative example 1
By 5 parts of bentonite, 12 parts of precipitated calcium carbonate, 14 parts of expanded vermiculite, 1 part of mica, 10 parts of expanded perlite,
0.1 part of PP chopped strands, 10 parts of portland cement carry out agravic mixing 10min by weight proportion, and measuring seal takes on material；
It is 1 according to the ratio between powder and water:0.8 ratio stirs, by weight, you can uses.Gained coating sample is done
Density is 440kg/m3, thermal conductivity is 0.112W/ (m*K).
In summary, thicker fire-resistant coating for steel structure provided by the invention, the coating have used aerosil, especially
Be the aerosil by hydrophobic modification as thermal insulating filling, its have water-fast, impervious, impact resistance, high temperature resistant,
The advantages that dry density is low, and service life is long, the fire endurance of steel construction can be greatly improved.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. thicker fire-resistant coating for steel structure, it is characterised in that：The weight proportion of its component is as follows：Powder：100 parts；Water：70~130 parts；Wherein, the weight proportion of powder component is as follows：Bentonite：0~10 part；Precipitated calcium carbonate：0~15 part；Expanded vermiculite：0~20 part；Mica：0~5 part；Expanded perlite：10~15 parts；Aerosil：10~20 parts；PP chopped strands：0~1 part；Sodium metasilicate：0~1 part；Bonding agent：5~15 parts.
- 2. thicker fire-resistant coating for steel structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The weight of the powder component Proportioning is as follows：5 parts of bentonite；12 parts of precipitated calcium carbonate；14 parts of expanded vermiculite；1 part of mica；10 parts of expanded perlite；Aerosil：12-20 parts, preferably 20 parts；0.06 part of sodium metasilicate；PP chopped strands：0.03 part,Bonding agent：10 parts.
- 3. thicker fire-resistant coating for steel structure according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The number of the water is 70 parts.
- 4. according to the thicker fire-resistant coating for steel structure described in claim any one of 1-3, it is characterised in that：The binding agent is any of portland cement, aluminate cement or two kinds；The aerosil is at least to be modified by a kind of silane coupler surface；The aerosil is by trim,ethylchlorosilane, hexamethyl dioxy silane, chlorotriethyl silane, front three bromide silicon Any of alkane or two or more aggregate surfaces are modified.
- 5. thicker fire-resistant coating for steel structure according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The aerosil It is modified by the aggregate surface of trim,ethylchlorosilane and hexamethyl dioxy silane, wherein trim,ethylchlorosilane and hexamethyl dioxy silane Mol ratio be 2：5~1：9.
- 6. the thicker fire-resistant coating for steel structure according to claim 4 or 5, it is characterised in that：The silica gas Gel is prepared by the following method：(1) silicon dioxide gel is prepared：By the mixing of tetraethyl orthosilicate, water and ethanol, hydrolyzed under sour environment, obtain silicon dioxide gel；(2) silica wet gel is prepared：The silicon dioxide gel for taking step (1) to obtain, the cross-linked gel under alkaline environment, obtains silica wet gel；(3) silica wet gel that surface is modified is prepared：The silica wet gel for taking step (2) to obtain, solvent displacement, is placed in the hexane solution of silane coupler Row surface modification, obtain the silica wet gel of surface modification；(4) aerosil that surface is modified is prepared：The silica wet gel that the surface for taking step (3) to obtain is modified, is drying to obtain.
- 7. thicker fire-resistant coating for steel structure according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：In step (1), the mol ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, water and ethanol is 1：(7~9)：2；In the hexane solution of the silane coupler of the step (3), the weight fraction of silane coupler is 40~60%, Preferable weight fraction is 60%；In step (4), the method for the drying is as follows：By the silica wet gel of surface modification in 60 DEG C, 90 DEG C, It is separately dried at 120 DEG C 8 hours, 4 hours and 2 hours.
- 8. according to the thicker fire-resistant coating for steel structure described in claim any one of 4-7, it is characterised in that：The titanium dioxide Silica aerogel is spheric granules, a diameter of 50~150nm.
- 9. according to the thicker fire-resistant coating for steel structure described in claim any one of 1-8, it is characterised in that：The PP is chopped The length of fiber is 3~6mm.
- 10. according to the thicker fire-resistant coating for steel structure described in claim any one of 1-9, it is characterised in that：The thicker steel Structure fire coating is the thicker fire-resistant coating for steel structure for protecting hydrocarbon fire.
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| CN109971223A (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2019-07-05 | 庄明星 | A kind of environment-friendly fireproof coating prepared using steel and iron industry solid waste as raw material |
| CN110698926A (en) * | 2019-10-26 | 2020-01-17 | 清远市美若科新材料有限公司 | Hydrophobic efficient fireproof coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN115612326A (en) * | 2022-09-19 | 2023-01-17 | 六安市永成防火材料有限公司 | Method for manufacturing steel structure fireproof coating based on cement material |
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| CN109971223A (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2019-07-05 | 庄明星 | A kind of environment-friendly fireproof coating prepared using steel and iron industry solid waste as raw material |
| CN109971223B (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2021-06-08 | 庄明星 | Environment-friendly fireproof coating prepared from solid waste in steel industry |
| CN110698926A (en) * | 2019-10-26 | 2020-01-17 | 清远市美若科新材料有限公司 | Hydrophobic efficient fireproof coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN115612326A (en) * | 2022-09-19 | 2023-01-17 | 六安市永成防火材料有限公司 | Method for manufacturing steel structure fireproof coating based on cement material |
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Application publication date: 20171128 |