CN107397979B - 具有定向取向结构的单层皮肤辅料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

具有定向取向结构的单层皮肤辅料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107397979B
CN107397979B CN201710605349.1A CN201710605349A CN107397979B CN 107397979 B CN107397979 B CN 107397979B CN 201710605349 A CN201710605349 A CN 201710605349A CN 107397979 B CN107397979 B CN 107397979B
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collagen
calcium phosphate
sodium alginate
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王欣宇
林飞
蔡正伟
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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Abstract

本发明属于医用生物材料技术领域，具体涉及一种具有定向取向结构的单层皮肤辅料及其制备方法。本发明利用静电纺丝方法制备了含有海藻酸钠、胶原、磷酸钙、乳酸和生长因子的多孔网状单层皮肤辅料，所述多孔网状单层皮肤辅料具有定向取向结构，在结构上具有防生性，可很好的模拟细胞外基质结构，促进细胞粘附和迁移，有利于营养物质和废物的输送，促进细胞的长入和增殖；同时所述单层皮肤辅料还具有一定的力学性能，良好的生物相容性和适宜的降解性能，能够诱导皮肤细胞进行增值和分化，有利于有效修复皮肤缺损。本发明制备方法简单，成本低廉，制备效率较高，具有巨大的潜在应用价值。

Description

具有定向取向结构的单层皮肤辅料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于医用生物材料技术领域，具体涉及一种具有定向取向结构的单层皮肤辅料及其制备方法。
背景技术
皮肤损伤在日常生活中是种常见的事件，皮肤损伤常由建通事故、火灾、日常生活意外和一些疾病引起，在临床上较为常见，治疗较为困难。依据损伤程度可以分为轻微损伤和严重损伤，受损面积较小程度较低的可以通过自体移植进行修复，但是对于受损面积较大，伤害程度严重的损伤，使用自体移植面临存在来源短缺，二次手术伤害等问题，同时大面积的烧伤在修复过程中容易出现组织感染、坏死等问题。因此寻找一个可以替代自体移植皮肤修复方法就显得尤为重要。
近几年来，随着人们对人工皮肤辅料的研究，越来越多的皮肤辅料被发明出来，但是现存的制备方法过于传统，其孔隙结构不能很好地满足细胞的迁移和生长，皮肤辅料孔径过于紧密，养分和废物不能很好地流通。力学性能较差，在进行皮肤修复期间，辅料结构容易坍塌，不能很好的维护其基本结构，不利于皮肤的修复。材料选择较为单一，不能很好地满足皮肤修复过程中的多种需求，现代医学认为，皮肤修复过程是多种细胞，生长因子和细胞外基质之间相互作用的复杂动态过程，创伤面愈合的各个阶段段都有不同的生长因子作用，因此针对皮肤修复的过程选择合适的材料和生长因子，有针对性的进行修复，可以获得更好的修复效果。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术中存在的不足，目的在于提供一种具有定向取向结构的单层皮肤辅料及其制备方法。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种具有定向取向结构的单层皮肤辅料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将海藻酸钠粉末溶于无水乙醇，再加入一定量的去离子水，通过水浴加热使海藻酸钠粉末完全溶解后，得到海藻酸钠溶液；
(2)将聚乳酸、胶原、磷酸钙溶于有机溶剂中，磁力搅拌条件下使溶质充分溶解，得到均一稳定的聚乳酸/胶原/磷酸钙混合液；
(3)将步骤(1)所得海藻酸钠溶液加入步骤(2)所得均一稳定的聚乳酸/胶原/磷酸钙混合液中，磁力搅拌条件下使得海藻酸钠分散均匀，得到均一稳定的乳浊液,再加入生长因子后搅拌均匀，得到纺丝液；
(4)将步骤(3)所得纺丝液吸入注射器，选好纺丝喷头，调整纺丝条件，控制流速，正负压及接收板距离，进行静电纺丝制样，再经真空干燥除尽残余有机溶剂和水分后，即得到具有定向取向结构的得到单层皮肤辅料。
上述方案中，步骤(1)所述水浴加热的温度为30℃～80℃。
上述方案中，步骤(1)所述海藻酸钠溶液中海藻酸钠的质量浓度为5％～20％。
上述方案中，步骤(2)中所述有机溶剂是由二氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯按体积比7:4混合制备而成。
上述方案中，步骤(2)中所述聚乳酸分子量20000～100000Da，所述磷酸钙的直径为0.5μm～2μm，所述胶原为医用级I型胶原。
上述方案中，步骤(2)所述聚乳酸/胶原/磷酸钙混合液中溶质质量浓度为5％～20％，其中聚乳酸、胶原、磷酸钙的质量比为8:3:1。
上述方案中，步骤(3)中所述海藻酸钠、聚乳酸、胶原、磷酸钙的质量比为1:8:3:1～3:8:3:1，所述生长因子量的加入量为5ng/mL～20ng/mL。
上述方案中，步骤(4)中所述静电纺丝的条件参数为：纺丝液流速0.01～0.7mm/min，负高压-0.5kV～-3kV，正高压+6kV～+18kV，接收距离到针头距离5～16cm。
本发明中，聚乳酸(PDLLA)作为皮肤辅料的基底材料，因为其具有良好的生物相容性和一定的力学性能，可以维持导管基本形态，不受周围组织影响，很好的保持了导管的形态结构，聚乳酸在体内条件下可以降解，降解产物为乳酸可被人体所吸收，不会造成机体损伤；海藻酸钠是种无支链线性多糖，可以为皮肤创伤面提供一个湿润的环境并能够加速创面的愈合，可以止血和刺激生长因子对受损皮肤进行修复。胶原具有多种氨基酸，含有细胞可以识别的多种氨基酸，细胞可以很好地在其表面粘附、增殖和迁移。磷酸钙可以中和酸性物质，在皮肤修复过程中产生的酸性物质可以由磷酸钙中和，很好地保持了修复环境周围的pH，有利于各种细胞的生长；生长因子(bFGF)可以很好地促进一系列细胞参与炎症反应，有助于早期清除伤口附近的死细胞和坏组织，促进伤口愈合。本发明利用静电纺丝方法制备了含有海藻酸钠、胶原、磷酸钙、乳酸和生长因子的多孔网状单层皮肤辅料，所述多孔网状单层皮肤辅料在结构上具有防生性，模拟细胞外基质结构，更好的促进细胞的长入和增殖，有助于受损皮肤更好的修复。
本发明的有益效果：
(1)本发明制备所得具有定向取向结构的单层皮肤辅料具有一定的力学性能，良好的生物相容性和适宜的降解性能，有利于神经细胞的粘附、增殖和迁移，溶血率较低，可以与机体很好的接触；其中聚乳酸具有一定的力学性能和生物相容性，胶原蛋白的添加进一步提高了导管细胞亲和性，有利于神经细胞的粘附、增殖和迁移，海藻酸钠的加入提高了细胞活性，对创面可以有效止血，并且诱导皮肤细胞分化，磷酸钙的加入有助于中和各材料降解所产生的的酸性物质；添加了生长因子(bFGF)，可以刺激细胞分化参与细胞炎症反应，消除坏死组织和吞噬病原菌；
(2)通过静电纺丝制备的单层皮肤辅料在结构上具网状结构，网状结构有利于细胞粘附和迁移，有利于营养物质和废物的输送，同时聚乳酸具有一定的力学性能和生物相容性，可以很好地维持单层皮肤辅料的结构；
(3)本发明所用材料的均为可降解材料，其降解产物均可以被机体所吸收，不需要二次手术取出，有利于减轻患者痛苦；
(4)本发明制备方法简单，成本低廉，制备效率较高，具有巨大的潜在应用价值。
附图说明
图1是本发明中所制备单层皮肤辅料样品的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片(5μm)。
图2是本发明中所制备单层皮肤辅料样品的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片(50μm)。
图3是本发明中所制备单层皮肤辅料样品的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片(100μm)。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明，下面结合实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容，但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。
以下实施例中，所述聚乳酸分子量20000～100000Da，所述磷酸钙的直径为0.5μm～2μm，所述胶原为医用级I型胶原。
实施例1
将一定量的海藻酸钠粉末溶于无水乙醇，加入一定量的去离子水稀释质量浓度至10％，在60℃下进行水浴6h，待粉末完全溶解后放入4℃冰箱保存。用电子天平称取聚乳酸1.2g、胶原0.45g和磷酸钙0.15g，溶于10mL有机溶剂(二氯甲烷：乙酸乙酯＝7:4)，使用电磁搅拌器搅拌6h，将聚乳酸、胶原和磷酸钙充分溶解，得到均一稳定的聚乳酸/胶原/磷酸钙混合液，将制备好的海藻酸钠溶液1.5mL加入到上述混合液中，使用电磁搅拌器搅拌6h至均一乳浊液，再加入10ng/mL的生长因子100ng，搅拌0.5h，形成均一稳定的纺丝液，将纺丝液吸入注射器中，采用22号针头，控制纺丝参数(纺丝液流速0.3mm/min，正高压+14kV，负高压-3kV，接受装置与喷射针头距离16cm)，将纺丝液喷至锡箔纸上，制成厚0.3mm薄膜；将制得的聚乳酸/胶原/磷酸钙/海藻酸钠/生长因子复合皮肤辅料薄膜放入真空干燥箱48h除尽残余有机溶剂和水分，最后放于干燥箱密封储存。
实施例2
将一定量的海藻酸钠粉末溶于无水乙醇，加入一定量的去离子水稀释质量浓度至10％，在60℃下进行水浴6h，待粉末完全溶解后放入4℃冰箱保存。用电子天平称取聚乳酸0.8g、胶原0.3g和磷酸钙0.1g，溶于10mL有机溶剂(二氯甲烷：乙酸乙酯＝7:4)，使用电磁搅拌器搅拌6h，将聚乳酸、胶原和磷酸钙充分溶解，得到均一稳定的聚乳酸/胶原/磷酸钙混合液，将制备好的海藻酸钠溶液1mL加入到上述混合液中，使用电磁搅拌器搅拌6h至均一乳浊液，再加入10ng/mL的生长因子100ng，搅拌0.5h，形成均一稳定的纺丝液，将纺丝液吸入注射器中，采用22号针头，控制纺丝参数(纺丝液流速0.25mm/min，正高压+13kV，负高压-3kV，接受装置与喷射针头距离15cm)，将纺丝液喷至锡箔纸上，制成厚0.3mm薄膜；将制得的聚乳酸/胶原/磷酸钙/海藻酸钠/生长因子复合皮肤辅料薄膜放入真空干燥箱48h除尽残余有机溶剂和水分，最后放于干燥箱密封储存。
实施例3
将一定量的海藻酸钠粉末溶于无水乙醇，加入一定量的去离子水稀释质量浓度至10％，在60℃下进行水浴6h，待粉末完全溶解后放入4℃冰箱保存。用电子天平称取聚乳酸0.64g、胶原0.24g和磷酸钙0.08g，溶于10mL有机溶剂(二氯甲烷：乙酸乙酯＝7:4)，使用电磁搅拌器搅拌6h，将聚乳酸、胶原和磷酸钙充分溶解，得到均一稳定的聚乳酸/胶原/磷酸钙混合液，将制备好的海藻酸钠溶液1mL加入到上述混合液中，使用电磁搅拌器搅拌6h至均一乳浊液，再加入10ng/mL的生长因子100ng，搅拌0.5h，形成均一稳定的纺丝液，将纺丝液吸入注射器中，采用22号针头，控制纺丝参数(纺丝液流速0.2mm/min，正高压+12kV，负高压-3kV，接受装置与喷射针头距离14cm)，将纺丝液喷至锡箔纸上，制成厚0.25mm薄膜；将制得的聚乳酸/胶原/磷酸钙/海藻酸钠/生长因子复合皮肤辅料薄膜放入真空干燥箱48h除尽残余有机溶剂和水分，最后放于干燥箱密封储存。
实施例4
将一定量的海藻酸钠粉末溶于无水乙醇，加入一定量的去离子水稀释质量浓度至10％，在60℃下进行水浴6h，待粉末完全溶解后放入4℃冰箱保存。用电子天平称取聚乳酸0.48g、胶原0.18g和磷酸钙0.06g，溶于10mL有机溶剂(二氯甲烷：乙酸乙酯＝7:4)，使用电磁搅拌器搅拌6h，将聚乳酸、胶原和磷酸钙充分溶解，得到均一稳定的聚乳酸/胶原/磷酸钙混合液，将制备好的海藻酸钠溶液1mL加入到上述混合液中，使用电磁搅拌器搅拌6h至均一乳浊液，再加入10ng/mL的生长因子100ng，搅拌0.5h，形成均一稳定的纺丝液，将纺丝液吸入注射器中，采用22号针头，控制纺丝参数(纺丝液流速0.2mm/min，正高压+12kV，负高压-2kV，接受装置与喷射针头距离14cm)，将纺丝液喷至锡箔纸上，制成厚0.25mm薄膜；将制得的聚乳酸/胶原/磷酸钙/海藻酸钠/生长因子复合皮肤辅料薄膜放入真空干燥箱48h除尽残余有机溶剂和水分，最后放于干燥箱密封储存。
图1是本发明中所制备单层皮肤辅料样品的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片(5μm)；图2是本发明中所制备单层皮肤辅料样品的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片(50μm)；图3是本发明中所制备单层皮肤辅料样品的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片(100μm)。从图1～3可以看出：通过静电纺丝制备的单层皮肤辅料在结构上具网状结构，网状结构有利于细胞粘附和迁移，有利于营养物质和废物的输送。
将本发明实施例所制得的单层皮肤辅料样品进行拉力强度测试，每个样品由5个，将所得值进行计算，可得上表1数据，由表可知四个实施例中单层皮肤辅料样品均具有一定的力学强度。
表1力学强度测试结果
实施例 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4
强度/Mp(n＝5) 4.45 4.54 5.16 5.54
表2溶血率测试结果
实施例 溶血率(％)
1 0.32±0.40
2 0.28±0.36
3 0.29±0.21
4 0.30±0.63
将本发明实施例所制得的单层皮肤辅料样品进行溶血率测试，由上表2可得，各实施例的溶血率实验测试值，溶血率均小于5％，满足国家对于植入医疗器材溶血率的要求，满足用于皮肤修复的辅料，其血液相容性较好，不会对皮肤修复产生消极影响，辅料中添加相应药物可以由针对性的解决皮肤修复中遇到的问题。
显然，上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的实例，而并非对实施方式的限制。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而因此所引申的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种具有定向取向结构的单层皮肤辅料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
（1）将海藻酸钠粉末溶于无水乙醇，再加入一定量的去离子水，通过水浴加热使海藻酸钠粉末完全溶解后，得到海藻酸钠溶液；
（2）将聚乳酸、胶原、磷酸钙溶于有机溶剂中，磁力搅拌条件下使溶质充分溶解，得到均一稳定的聚乳酸/胶原/磷酸钙混合液，所述聚乳酸分子量20000~100000Da，所述磷酸钙的直径为0.5μm~2μm，所述胶原为医用级I型胶原；
（3）将步骤（1）所得海藻酸钠溶液加入步骤（2）所得均一稳定的聚乳酸/胶原/磷酸钙混合液中，磁力搅拌条件下使得海藻酸钠分散均匀，得到均一稳定的乳浊液,再加入生长因子后搅拌均匀，得到纺丝液；所述海藻酸钠、聚乳酸、胶原、磷酸钙的质量比为1:8:3:1~3:8:3:1 ，所述生长因子的加入量为5ng/mL~20ng/mL；
（4）将步骤（3）所得纺丝液吸入注射器，选好纺丝喷头，调整纺丝条件，控制流速，正负压及接收板距离，进行静电纺丝制样，再经真空干燥除尽残余有机溶剂和水分后，即得到具有定向取向结构的单层皮肤辅料；所述静电纺丝的条件参数为：纺丝液流速0.01~0.7mm/min，负高压-0.5kV~-3kV，正高压＋6kV~＋18kV，接收装置与喷射针头距离5~16cm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）所述水浴加热的温度为30℃~80℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）所述海藻酸钠溶液中海藻酸钠的质量浓度为5%~20%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）中所述有机溶剂是由二氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯按体积比7:4混合制备而成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）所述聚乳酸/胶原/磷酸钙混合液中溶质质量浓度为5%~20%，其中聚乳酸、胶原、磷酸钙的质量比为8:3:1。
6.权利要求1~5任一所述制备方法制备所得具有定向取向结构的单层皮肤辅料。
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