CN107397551B - Full-size breast measuring instrument and breast symmetry evaluation method based on same - Google Patents
Full-size breast measuring instrument and breast symmetry evaluation method based on same Download PDFInfo
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- CN107397551B CN107397551B CN201710541463.2A CN201710541463A CN107397551B CN 107397551 B CN107397551 B CN 107397551B CN 201710541463 A CN201710541463 A CN 201710541463A CN 107397551 B CN107397551 B CN 107397551B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/107—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof
- A61B5/1072—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof measuring distances on the body, e.g. measuring length, height or thickness
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/107—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof
- A61B5/1079—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof using optical or photographic means
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/43—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the reproductive systems
- A61B5/4306—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the reproductive systems for evaluating the female reproductive systems, e.g. gynaecological evaluations
- A61B5/4312—Breast evaluation or disorder diagnosis
Abstract
The invention is suitable for the technical field of medical instruments, and relates to a full-size breast measuring instrument and a breast symmetry evaluation method based on the measuring instrument. The measuring instrument comprises a fixed frame, wherein a walking suspension is arranged below the fixed frame, and a laser generator, a laser digital display measuring scale and a light source generator are arranged on the walking suspension; the invention also provides a breast symmetry evaluation method based on the breast measuring instrument, which comprises the steps of firstly taking a human body to stand well, then measuring the sizes of breasts at two sides, selecting a proper prosthesis to reconstruct the breast, opening a light source generator, irradiating the breasts at the healthy side and the affected side, and carrying out breast symmetry analysis after photographing to obtain the similarity between the breasts at the healthy side and the affected side. The invention constructs a stable measuring platform by using a simple mechanical principle, carries out accurate measurement by using a laser measuring technology, converts three-dimensional information of the breast into two-dimensional information by using a point light source projection principle, and provides simple, practical and accurate equipment and method containing the three-dimensional information of the breast for clinic.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, and relates to a full-size breast measuring instrument and a breast symmetry evaluation method based on the measuring instrument.
Background
With the development of the imaging detection technology and the improvement of health consciousness of people, more than 90 percent of breast cancer in China is discovered early; meanwhile, with the progress of the comprehensive treatment level of the breast cancer, the 5-year survival rate of the early breast cancer exceeds 90 percent, and the 10-year survival rate of the early breast cancer exceeds 80 percent. Therefore, breast cancer surgery that preserves the shape of the breast is becoming the mainstream of surgical treatment for breast cancer. In addition, with the improvement of living standard, the demands of beauty treatment operations such as autologous/prosthesis breast augmentation operation, breast reduction operation for macrobreast disease, and nipple reduction operation are increasing. Therefore, the temperature of the molten metal is controlled,
breast measurement and symmetry assessment are important for breast tumor plastic surgery, such as breast cancer breast conserving surgery, partial/total breast reconstruction surgery for breast cancer, nipple shaping/reconstruction surgery, and breast cosmetic surgery, such as autologous/prosthetic breast augmentation surgery, macrobreast reduction surgery, pre-and post-operative assessment of nipple reduction surgery. The current breast measurement and symmetry evaluation methods mainly include: conventional manual measurement methods, magnetic resonance imaging measurement methods and three-dimensional scanning techniques.
The measuring equipment commonly used in the traditional manual measuring method comprises a T-shaped ruler, a vernier caliper or a tape measure and the like, namely, the measuring equipment is used for measuring the distance between the lateral walls of the nipples and the breasts at two sides and the center of the human body and the height difference between the lower wrinkled walls of the breasts at two sides and the ground by adopting the measuring equipment under the standing condition. The measuring method is widely applied to centers of mammary surgery and cosmetic plastic surgery, is simple and convenient, has the advantages that the body position during measurement is the same as the body position for evaluating the breast symmetry, namely the standing position, and has the defects that two operators are required to be matched during measurement by the measuring tool, the reading error is large, and the height of the breast on the sagittal plane cannot be measured. Meanwhile, even though the measured data are substantially the same, the breast symmetry cannot be completely represented. Therefore, the requirement of clinical work cannot be met, and the basic requirement of the current precision surgical operation is not met.
Magnetic resonance imaging measurement methods are commonly used clinically to find small tumors in the breast, satellite foci of major tumors, or intraductal tumors. The breasts at both sides of the prone position of a patient are respectively placed into the magnetic coils, then scanning is carried out to obtain data of the sagittal plane of the breast, and the shape of the breast can be three-dimensionally reconstructed by corresponding software at the later stage by combining the data of the transverse section, so as to carry out symmetry comparison. However, the breast is a semi-pendulous organ of the human body, and the shape receptor position of the breast is greatly influenced. Even for the same breast volume, differences in the shape of the breast in the upright position are often caused by differences in the distribution of tissue within the breast. The advantage of this method is that the total volume and surface area of the breast are accurately data, and the disadvantage is that the body position during magnetic resonance imaging is prone position, so that only breast shape data in prone position can be obtained, while the standard body position for breast measurement or symmetry assessment is standing position. Therefore, this method has not yet been able to meet the requirements of clinical work.
The three-dimensional scanning technology is based on the non-ending structure photographing principle, and obtains three-dimensional information of a target body. The three-dimensional scanner can be used for acquiring data of the shape of the breast in a standing position, three-dimensional model data of the shape of the breast of a patient can be obtained through thin-layer processing of corresponding software, and then symmetry comparative analysis and even predictive analysis are completed through the corresponding software. The method can completely meet the requirements of current clinical work, but the price of required equipment is high, particularly the method needs corresponding software and technical support of professional personnel, only a few foreign countries have equipment and personnel technical conditions for developing the method, and domestic countries do not have the conditions.
In summary, the former two methods have fatal disadvantages and cannot meet the needs of clinical work, and the last method is difficult to be realized in a short period due to the limitation of technical conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a full-size breast measuring instrument that is simple and practical, has accurate data, and can perform standing position measurement, and a breast symmetry evaluation method based on the same.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention is realized as follows:
the full-size breast measuring instrument comprises a fixing frame, wherein the fixing frame comprises a first rectangular frame and a second rectangular frame, the first rectangular frame and the second rectangular frame are mutually and vertically fixed to form an L-shaped frame, linear guide rails are respectively installed at the bottoms of the left short frame and the right short frame of the second rectangular frame, a linear bearing is respectively installed below each linear guide rail, a connecting plate is fixed to the bottom of each linear bearing, a walking suspension is installed below each connecting plate, each walking suspension is a rectangular frame and comprises an upper frame, a lower frame, a left frame and a right frame, two ends of the upper frame are respectively fixed to the connecting plates, a first cross arm and a second cross arm are respectively installed behind the left frame and the right frame through limiting and locking mechanisms, a laser generator is movably installed below the upper frame, and above the lower frame and inside of the left frame, The first cross arm and the second cross arm are respectively provided with a laser digital display measuring scale, and the front part of the right frame is provided with a light source generator through a sliding locking mechanism.
Furthermore, the full-size breast measuring instrument also comprises an adjustable fixing frame for fixing the position of a human body, wherein the adjustable fixing frame comprises an upright post A, an upright post B, U type frame, a connecting elbow A and a connecting elbow B; the top of stand A and stand B is fixed the bottom of second rectangular frame, and stand A and stand B's end is fixed mutually through connecting elbow A and connecting elbow B and two vertical sections's of U type frame top respectively, forms narrow wide structure down, two vertical section peripheries of stand A, stand B, U type frame are the slidable mounting sliding sleeve respectively, and the sliding sleeve is fixed through the jackscrew respectively with two vertical sections of stand A, stand B and U type frame, the sliding sleeve periphery is fixed with the telescopic link.
Furthermore, a transverse channel is formed below the upper frame, a sliding block is installed in the channel, and a laser generator is installed at the bottom of the sliding block.
Further, laser digital display dipperstick includes laser head, laser head base and digital display dipperstick, the cuboid shape of laser head base for inside cavity that is equipped with, the laser head is fixed at the inside cavity of laser head base and is connected with the digital display dipperstick electricity.
Further, the top of lower frame and the inboard of left frame are respectively through slide mechanism installation laser digital display dipperstick, slide mechanism includes the guide rail, stopper and sliding seat, the both ends of guide rail are fixed in the stopper top, and the stopper is fixed on lower frame and left frame, be equipped with on the sliding seat with guide rail assorted opening, the sliding seat passes through the opening and installs on the guide rail, the laser head base and the digital display dipperstick of laser digital display dipperstick are fixed in the sliding seat top, and laser head base and digital display dipperstick move on the guide rail along with the sliding seat together.
Further, the place ahead of right side frame is equipped with the channel, and slip locking mechanism installs on the channel, slip locking mechanism includes interior mounting plate, outer mounting plate, screw jackscrew and bracing piece, interior mounting plate slidable mounting is in the channel, and the channel is outside arranged in to outer mounting plate, is connected through the screw jackscrew between interior mounting plate and the outer mounting plate, and the end of bracing piece is transversely fixed in the left side of outer mounting plate, light source generator rotatably installs the head end at the bracing piece through the holder, the holder includes the bracing piece sleeve and with the bracing piece sleeve looks fixed "C" shape elasticity hoop, bracing piece sleeve suit is at the bracing piece outer wall, light source generator centre gripping is in "C" shape elasticity hoop.
Furthermore, the limiting and locking mechanism comprises a base, a hinge, a middle shaft and a fastening jackscrew, the base is fixed on the hinge through a fastening screw and hinged with the base through the middle shaft, the tightness of the hinge and the base is adjusted through the fastening jackscrew, and the base is fixed behind the left frame and the right frame through fixing bolts.
Further, the first cross arm is provided with a laser digital display measuring scale through a first support, the first support is in a shape of 'II', and comprises two support columns A, a guide rail A and a sliding seat A, the two support columns A are respectively and vertically fixed with the first cross arm, the guide rail A is fixed at the top ends of the two support columns A, the sliding seat A is provided with an opening A and is slidably arranged on the guide rail A through the opening A, and a laser head base of the laser digital display measuring scale and the digital display measuring scale are fixed on the sliding seat A; the second xarm passes through second support mounting laser digital display chi, the second support is the same with first supporting structure, and the shape is "II" shape, including two pillar B, guide rail B and sliding seat B, two pillar B respectively with second xarm vertical fixation, guide rail B fixes on two pillar B tops, is equipped with opening B on the sliding seat B to install on guide rail B through opening B slidable, laser head base and the digital display dipperstick of laser digital display chi are fixed on sliding seat B.
Furthermore, gradienters are respectively arranged on the first cross arm and the second cross arm, and LED lamp belts are respectively pasted and covered at the rear parts of the upper frame, the lower frame, the left frame and the right frame of the walking suspension.
A breast symmetry assessment method based on the full-scale mammometer, which is realized by the full-scale mammometer according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the method comprises:
(1) moving the walking suspension frame to the foremost end of the second rectangular frame along the high-precision linear guide rail, taking the human body to stand, and standing the human body with the two upper limb waists close to the adjustable fixing frame;
(2) opening a laser generator, enabling the laser beam to be overlapped with the median line of a patient to serve as a reference laser beam, loosening jackscrews on an upright A and an upright B of an adjustable fixing frame, adjusting the positions of sliding sleeves on the upright A and the upright B and placing the sliding sleeves on two sides of the head of a human body, rotating the positions of the sliding sleeves to enable a telescopic rod to clamp the head, screwing the jackscrews to tightly push the upright A and the upright B, fixing the positions of the sliding sleeves on the upright A and the upright B, and adjusting the positions of the sliding sleeves on a U-shaped frame to fix the waist in the same way;
(3) adjusting the front and rear positions of the walking suspension again according to the stature of the human body to enable the walking suspension to be in the optimal position;
(4) opening a laser digital display measuring scale on the lower frame, adjusting the vertical laser beam to be overlapped with the reference laser beam in the step (2), enabling the numerical value of the laser digital display measuring scale to return to zero, slowly moving the laser digital display measuring scale to the left side at a constant speed to the positions of the left nipple and the outer side wall of the left breast respectively, and measuring and recording the distance L from the left nipple to the central line1Distance L from lateral wall of left breast to midline2The distance L from the nipple to the midline of the right breast is measured and recorded by the same method3Distance L from lateral wall to midline of right breast4；
(5) Opening the laser digital display measuring scale at the inner side of the left frame, aligning the horizontal laser beam with the center point of the left nipple, zeroing the numerical value of the digital display measuring scale, slowly moving downwards at a constant speed, aligning the horizontal laser beam with the edge of the left breast lower wrinkled wall, and measuring and recording the distance L between the left nipple and the left breast lower wrinkled wall5The distance L between the right nipple and the lower crinkle wall of the right breast is measured and recorded by the same method6；
Aligning the horizontal laser beam to the center point of the left nipple, zeroing the numerical value of the digital display measuring scale, and slowly moving to make the digital display measuring scaleAligning the horizontal laser beam to the center of the right nipple, and recording the horizontal height difference H of the nipples on both sides1The difference in the horizontal heights of the lower crinkles of the bilateral breasts was measured by the same method and recorded as H2；
(6) Loosening a fastening jackscrew on a limiting locking mechanism on a first cross arm, lifting the first cross arm upwards to a horizontal position, calibrating whether the first cross arm is in the horizontal position through a level meter, screwing the fastening jackscrew after calibration to fix the first cross arm, opening a laser digital display measuring scale on the first cross arm, aligning a vertical laser beam with the highest point of a left nipple, resetting the numerical value of the digital display measuring scale to zero, slowly moving the horizontal cross arm to the axillary front line of a patient at a constant speed, and measuring and recording the height h of the left breast in the sagittal plane1Opening the laser digital display measuring scale on the second cross arm by the same method, measuring and recording the height h of the right breast on the sagittal plane2；
(7) Opening a light source generator, irradiating the healthy and affected breasts, adjusting the position and the angle of the light source generator through a sliding locking mechanism, so that a light shadow is projected onto a body from top to bottom along the midline of the body, generating a three-dimensional high-brightness area projection of the breast with clear light and shade layers due to the three-dimensional shape of the breast, recording the projection area as M1 by taking pictures through a mobile phone or a digital camera, then adjusting the light shadow to irradiate the breast from bottom to top, and recording the projection area as M2 by taking pictures;
(8) turning off the light source generator, opening the LED lamp strip, and taking pictures of breasts at two sides;
(9) and (3) performing mirror inversion treatment on the M1 and the M2 obtained in the step (8) to obtain the similarity between the healthy side breast and the affected side breast.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the full-size breast measuring instrument provided by the invention has the advantages that a stable measuring platform is constructed by utilizing a simple mechanical principle, the accurate measurement is carried out by utilizing a laser measuring technology, the three-dimensional information of the breast is converted into the two-dimensional information by utilizing a point light source projection principle, and further, the simple, practical and accurate equipment which contains the three-dimensional information of the breast and can be used for standing measurement is provided for clinical work. In addition, for the evaluation of the breast symmetry, the breast measuring instrument does not need professional technicians and software of high-end and small people for post-processing, and a breast surgery or cosmetic plastic surgeon can completely master the equipment operation and the breast symmetry evaluation only by simple training.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a left side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the adjustable mount of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the laser digital display measuring scale of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the sliding mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the slide and lock mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a first bracket of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a second stent of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a detailed schematic diagram of the symmetry assessment of a breast;
in the figure, 1-a fixed frame, 1-1-a first rectangular frame, 1-2-a second rectangular frame;
2-a linear guide rail;
3-a linear bearing;
4-connecting plates;
5-walking suspension, 5-1 upper frame, 5-1-1 sliding block, 5-2 lower frame, 5-3 left frame, 5-4 right frame, 5-5 first cross arm and 5-6 second cross arm;
6-a laser generator;
7-laser digital display measuring scale, 7-1-laser head, 7-2-laser head base and 7-3-digital display measuring scale;
8-a sliding locking mechanism, 8-1-an inner fastening plate, 8-2-an outer fastening plate, 8-3-a threaded jackscrew, 8-4-a supporting rod, 8-5-a clamping piece, 8-5-1-a supporting rod sleeve and 8-5-2-a C-shaped elastic hoop;
9-a light source generator;
10-a limiting locking mechanism, 10-1-a base, 10-2-a hinge, 10-3-a middle shaft and 10-4-a fastening jackscrew;
11-adjustable fixing frame, 11-1-upright column A, 11-2-upright column B, 11-3-U-shaped frame, 11-4-connecting elbow A, 11-5-connecting elbow B, 11-6-sliding sleeve, 11-7-jackscrew and 11-8-telescopic rod;
12-a sliding mechanism, 12-1-a guide rail, 12-2-a limiting block, 12-3-a sliding seat and 12-4-an opening;
13-first support, 13-1-pillar a, 13-2-guide rail a, 13-3-sliding seat a, 13-4-opening a;
14-second support, 14-1-pillar B, 14-2-guide B, 14-3-sliding seat B, 14-4-opening B;
15-a level gauge;
16-LED strip.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-3, a full-size breast measuring instrument comprises a fixed frame 1 made of 40 × 40 aluminum profiles, the fixed frame 1 comprises a first rectangular frame 1-1 and a second rectangular frame 1-2, the first rectangular frame 1-1 and the second rectangular frame 1-2 are mutually vertically fixed to form an L-shaped frame, linear guide rails 2 are respectively installed at the bottoms of the left and right short frames of the second rectangular frame 1-2, in order to increase the stability of a walking suspension 5, two high-precision linear bearings 3 are respectively installed below each linear guide rail 2, connecting plates 4 are fixed at the bottoms of the two linear bearings 3, a walking suspension 5 is installed below each connecting plate 4, the walking suspension 5 is a rectangular frame made of 40 × 40 aluminum profiles and comprises an upper frame 5-1, a lower frame 5-2, a first rectangular frame and a second rectangular frame, the upper frame 5-1 and the lower frame 5-2 are, A left frame 5-3 and a right frame 5-4, two ends of the upper frame 5-1 are respectively fixed with the connecting plate 4 through bolts, a first cross arm 5-5 and a second cross arm 5-6 are respectively arranged at the rear parts of the left frame 5-3 and the right frame 5-4 through a limit locking mechanism 10, a transverse channel is arranged below the upper frame 5-1, a sliding block 5-1-1 is arranged in the channel, a laser generator 6 is arranged at the bottom of the sliding block 5-1-1 through a bolt, a laser head of the laser generator 6 faces the human body, the laser generator 6 moves left and right below the upper frame 5-1, the upper part of the lower frame 5-2 and the inner side of the left frame 5-3, the first cross arm 5-5 and the second cross arm 5-6 are respectively provided with a laser digital display measuring scale 7, and a light source generator 9 is arranged in front of the right frame 5-4 through a sliding locking mechanism 8.
Referring to fig. 4, the human body takes a standing position during measurement, and in order to prevent the human body from shaking, the full-size breast measuring instrument further comprises an adjustable fixing frame 11 for fixing the position of the human body, wherein the adjustable fixing frame comprises an upright post A11-1, an upright post B11-2, a U-shaped frame 11-3, a connecting elbow A11-4 and a connecting elbow B11-5; the top ends of the upright A11-1 and the upright B11-2 are fixed at the bottom of the combined frame of the second rectangular frame 1-2, the distance between the upright A11-1 and the upright B11-2 is 180mm, the tail ends of the upright A11-1 and the upright B11-2 are respectively fixed with the top ends of two vertical sections of the U-shaped frame 11-3 through a connecting elbow A11-4 and a connecting elbow B11-5 to form a structure with a narrow top and a wide bottom, the distance between the two vertical sections of the U-shaped frame is 350mm, the sliding sleeves 11-6 are respectively installed on the peripheries of two vertical sections of the upright A11-1, the upright B11-2 and the U-shaped frame 11-3 in a sliding mode, the sliding sleeves 11-6 are fixed with the upright A11-1, the upright B11-5 and the two vertical sections of the U-shaped frame 11-3 through jackscrews 11-7 respectively, and telescopic rods 11-8 are fixed on the peripheries of the sliding sleeves 11-6.
Referring to fig. 5, the laser digital display measuring scale 7 comprises a laser head 7-1, a laser head base 7-2 and a digital display measuring scale 7-3, the laser head base 7-2 is in a cuboid shape with a cavity inside, the laser head 7-1 is fixed in the cavity inside the laser head base 7-2 and is electrically connected with the digital display measuring scale 7-3, a power supply is shared, the power supply voltage is DC/3V, because the laser head base 7-2 and the digital display measuring scale 7-3 move together, therefore, after the digital display measuring scale 7-3 is reset to zero, when the switch of the digital display measuring scale 7-3 is turned on, the laser head 7-2 and the digital display measuring scale 7-3 are opened at the same time, and the distance of the displacement of the laser beam emitted by the laser head 7-1 is the sliding distance of the digital display measuring scale 7-3.
Referring to fig. 6, a laser digital display ruler 7 is respectively installed above a lower frame 5-2 and on the inner side of a left frame 5-3 through a sliding mechanism 12, the laser digital display ruler 7 above the lower frame 5-2 moves along the horizontal direction, the laser digital display ruler 7 inside the left frame 5-3 moves along the vertical direction, the sliding mechanism 12 comprises a long strip-shaped guide rail 12-1, a limiting block 12-2 and a sliding seat 12-3, two ends of the guide rail 12-1 are respectively fixed above the limiting block 12-2, the limiting block 12-2 is fixed above the lower frame 5-2 and on the inner side of the left frame 5-3, an opening 12-4 matched with the guide rail 12-1 is arranged on the sliding seat 12-3, the sliding seat 12-3 is installed on the guide rail 12-1 through the opening 12-4 and slides along the guide rail 12-1, the laser head base 7-2 and the digital display measuring scale 7-3 are fixed above the sliding seat 12-3, and the laser head base 7-2 and the digital display measuring scale 7-3 move on the guide rail 12-1 along with the sliding seat 12-3.
Referring to fig. 7, a channel is arranged in front of the right frame 5-4, a sliding locking mechanism 8 is installed on the channel, the sliding locking mechanism 8 comprises an inner fastening plate 8-1, an outer fastening plate 8-2, a threaded jackscrew 8-3, a support rod 8-4 and a clamping member 8-5, the inner fastening plate 8-1 is slidably installed in the channel, the outer fastening plate 8-2 is arranged outside the channel, the inner fastening plate 8-1 is connected with the outer fastening plate 8-2 through the threaded jackscrew 8-3, the tail end of the support rod 8-4 is transversely fixed at the left side of the outer fastening plate and is connected with the outer fastening plate 8-2 through a thread, a light source generator 9 is rotatably installed at the head end of the support rod through the clamping member 8-5, the clamping member 8-5 comprises a support rod sleeve 8-5-1 and a 'C' fixed with the support rod sleeve 8-5-1 " The light source generator 9 is clamped in the C-shaped elastic hoop 8-5-2, the threaded jackscrew 8-3 is loosened by screwing, the threaded jackscrew 8-3 is held to slide up and down, the position of the inner fastening plate 8-1 in the channel of the right frame 5-4 is adjusted, the threaded jackscrew 8-3 is screwed after the position is placed at a proper position, the outer fastening plate 8-2 and the inner fastening plate 8-1 are clamped and fixed on the right frame 5-4, then the support rod sleeve 8-5-1 is rotated up and down, and the angle of the light source generator 9 is adjusted to a proper position.
Referring to fig. 3, the limiting and locking mechanism 10 comprises a base 10-1, a hinge 10-2, a central shaft 10-3 and a fastening jackscrew 10-4, the hinge 10-2 is hinged to the base 10-1 through the central shaft 10-2, the tightness of the hinge 10-2 and the base 10-1 is adjusted through the fastening jackscrew 10-4, and the base 10-1 is fixed behind the left frame 5-3 and the right frame 5-4 respectively through fixing bolts.
Referring to fig. 8-9, a first cross arm 5-5 is provided with a laser digital display measuring scale 7 through a first support 13, the first support 13 is in an "ii" shape and comprises two supports a13-1, a guide rail a13-2 and a sliding seat a13-3, the two supports a13-1 are respectively fixed to the first cross arm 5-5 vertically, the guide rail a13-2 is fixed to the top ends of the two supports a13-1, the sliding seat a13-3 is provided with an opening a13-4 and is slidably mounted on the guide rail a13-1 through the opening a13-4, and a laser head base 7-2 and a digital display measuring scale 7-3 of the laser digital display measuring scale 7 are fixed to the sliding seat a 13-3; the second cross arm 5-6 is provided with a laser digital display measuring scale 7 through a second support 14, the second support 14 has the same structure as the first support 13 and is also in a shape of 'II', the second support comprises two support columns B14-1, a guide rail B14-2 and a sliding seat B14-3, the two support columns B14-1 are respectively and vertically fixed on the second cross arm 5-6, the guide rail B14-2 is fixed at the top ends of the two support columns B14-1, the sliding seat B14-3 is provided with an opening B14-4 and is slidably arranged on the guide rail B14-2 through the opening B14-4, and a laser head base 7-2 and a digital display measuring scale 7-3 of the laser digital display measuring scale 7 are fixed on the sliding seat B14-3.
The first cross arm 5-5 and the second cross arm 5-6 are respectively provided with a level gauge 15, and the rear parts of the upper frame 5-1, the lower frame 5-2, the left frame 5-3 and the right frame 5-4 are respectively adhered with an LED lamp strip 16.
The breast symmetry evaluation method based on the full-size breast measuring instrument comprises the following steps of:
(1) moving the walking suspension 5 to the foremost end of the second rectangular frame 1-2 along the high-precision linear guide rail 2, taking the human body to stand, and enabling the waist of the double upper limbs to abut against the adjustable fixing frame 11;
(2) opening a laser generator 6, enabling the laser beam to be overlapped with the median line of a patient, respectively unscrewing jackscrews 11-7 on an upright A11-1 and an upright B11-2 of an adjustable fixing frame as a reference laser beam, adjusting the positions of sliding sleeves 11-6 on the upright A11-1 and the upright B11-2 to be arranged at two sides of the head of the human body, clamping the head by an expansion rod 11-8 by rotating the position of the sliding sleeves 11-6, respectively screwing the jackscrews 11-7 on the upright A and the upright B to tightly jack the upright A11-1 and the upright B11-2, fixing the position of the sliding sleeves 11-6, and fixing the waist of the human body by adjusting the position of the sliding sleeves 11-6 on the U-shaped frame in the same way;
(3) the front and back positions of the walking suspension 5 are adjusted again according to the stature of the human body so as to be in the optimal position;
(4) opening the laser digital display measuring scale 7 on the lower frame 5-2, adjusting the vertical laser beam to be overlapped with the reference laser beam in the step (2), enabling the numerical value of the digital display measuring scale 7-3 to return to zero, slowly moving the digital display measuring scale to the left side at a constant speed to the positions of the left nipple and the outer side wall of the left breast respectively, and measuring and recording the distance L from the left nipple to the central line1Distance L from lateral wall of left breast to midline2The distance L from the nipple to the midline of the right breast is measured and recorded by the same method3Distance L from lateral wall to midline of right breast4；
(5) Opening the laser digital display measuring scale 7 at the inner side of the left frame 5-3, aligning the horizontal laser beam with the center point of the nipple at the left side, zeroing the numerical value of the digital display measuring scale 7-3, slowly moving downwards at a constant speed, aligning the horizontal laser beam with the edge of the lower wrinkled wall of the breast at the left side, and measuring and recording the distance L between the nipple at the left side and the lower wrinkled wall of the breast at the left side5The distance L between the right nipple and the lower crinkle wall of the right breast is measured and recorded by the same method6；
Aligning the horizontal laser beam to the center of the left nipple, zeroing the numerical value of the digital display measuring scale 7-3, slowly moving to align the horizontal laser beam to the center of the right nipple, and recording the horizontal height difference H of the nipples at both sides1The difference in the horizontal heights of the lower crinkles of the bilateral breasts was measured by the same method and recorded as H2；
(6) Loosening a fastening jackscrew 10-4 on a limiting locking mechanism 10 on a first cross arm 5-5, lifting the first cross arm 5-5 upwards to a horizontal position, calibrating whether the first cross arm is in the horizontal position by a level gauge 14, screwing the fastening jackscrew 10-4 after calibration to fix the first cross arm 5-5, opening a laser digital display measuring scale 7 on the first cross arm 5-5 to align a vertical laser beam with the highest point of a nipple on the left side, resetting the numerical value of the digital display measuring scale 7-3 to zero, slowly moving the first cross arm to the front line of the armpit in the armpit direction of a patient at a constant speed, and measuring and recording the height h of the breast on the sagittal plane on the left side1Opening the laser number on the second cross arm 5-6 by the same methodA ruler 7 is displayed for measuring and recording the height h of the right breast in the sagittal plane2；
(7) Selecting a suitable prosthesis according to the sizes of the breasts determined in the steps (4) to (6);
(8) turning on a light source generator, irradiating the breasts at the healthy side and the affected side, adjusting the position and the angle of the light source generator 9 through a sliding locking mechanism 8, so that a light shadow is projected onto a body from top to bottom along the midline of the body, generating a breast three-dimensional shape high-brightness area projection with clear light and shade layers due to the height of the three-dimensional shape of the breast, recording the projection area as M1 by taking pictures through a mobile phone or a digital camera, then adjusting the light shadow to irradiate the breast from bottom to top, and recording the projection area as M2 by taking pictures;
(9) turning off the light source generator 9, opening the LED lamp strip 16, and taking pictures of breasts on both sides;
(10) and (3) performing mirror inversion treatment on the M1 and the M2 obtained in the step (8) to obtain the similarity between the healthy side breast and the affected side breast.
The software for mirror inversion processing in this embodiment is Photoshop.
Referring to fig. 10, step (10) specifically includes the following steps:
s1, mainly comparing the symmetry of the healthy breast without breast reconstruction and the reconstructed affected breast, marking the external contour area of the healthy breast as TAHB, and the external contour area of the affected breast as VO, (TAHB-VO)/TAHBX 100% ═ breast external contour variation;
s2, marking the area of the outer contour of the healthy lateral areola as TAA, marking the area of the outer contour of the affected lateral areola as VA, (TAA-VA)/TAAX100 percent, namely the variation degree of the contour of the areola;
s3, evolving from M1, wherein the healthy side shadow area is marked as A, the affected side shadow area is marked as B, and (A-B)/AX100 percent is M1 shadow variation degree and is marked as VUS;
s4, evolving from M2, marking the healthy side shadow area as C, marking the affected side shadow area as D, (C-D)/CX 100% -M2 shadow variation degree, and marking as VLS;
s5, the breast total variation degree is (breast outer contour variation degree + areola outer contour variation degree + M1 shadow variation degree VUS + M2 shadow variation degree VLS)/4;
s6, total Similarity (SC) of bilateral breasts (1-total breast variation) X100%.
L in FIG. 10yIs a standing armpit horizontal line LzIs the median line of the human body.
In the present example, the breast symmetry of three patients was evaluated, and the breast symmetry evaluation data is shown in table 1:
table 1 breast symmetry assessment data (in pixels)
| Patient's health | TAHB | VO | VUS | VLS | TAA | VA | SC(％) |
| 1 | 1468869 | 173499 | 270114 | 53454 | 81274 | 119801 | 54.7 |
| 2 | 1647701 | 234110 | 324350 | 141451 | 72380 | 52554 | 71.2 |
| 3 | 1774430 | 174094 | 271293 | 140937 | 84007 | 92364 | 64.3 |
From the measurement data of the three patients, the device and the method can convert the three-dimensional information of the breast into the two-dimensional information which can be processed in Photoshop, improve the accuracy of breast measurement, and enable the breast surgery or the cosmetic plastic surgeon to completely master the equipment operation and the breast symmetry evaluation method only by simple training.
In addition, the digital display measuring scale in the embodiment is purchased from Wenzhou Sanhe measuring tool instrument Co., Ltd, and the laser head, the laser generator and the light source generator are all commercially available.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The full-size breast measuring instrument comprises a fixed frame and is characterized in that the fixed frame comprises a first rectangular frame and a second rectangular frame, the first rectangular frame and the second rectangular frame are mutually perpendicular and fixed to form an L-shaped frame, linear guide rails are respectively installed at the bottoms of a left short frame and a right short frame of the second rectangular frame, a linear bearing is respectively installed below each linear guide rail, a connecting plate is fixed at the bottom of each linear bearing, a walking suspension is installed below each connecting plate, each walking suspension is a rectangular frame and comprises an upper frame, a lower frame, a left frame and a right frame, two ends of the upper frame are respectively fixed with the connecting plates, a first cross arm and a second cross arm are respectively installed behind the left frame and the right frame through limiting locking mechanisms, a laser generator is movably installed below the upper frame, and a laser generator is movably installed above the lower frame, Laser digital display measuring scales are respectively arranged on the inner side of the left frame, the first cross arm and the second cross arm, and a light source generator is arranged in front of the right frame through a sliding locking mechanism;
the full-size breast measuring instrument also comprises an adjustable fixing frame for fixing the position of a human body, wherein the adjustable fixing frame comprises an upright post A, an upright post B, U type frame, a connecting elbow A and a connecting elbow B; the top of stand A and stand B is fixed the bottom of second rectangular frame, and stand A and stand B's end is fixed mutually through connecting elbow A and connecting elbow B and two vertical sections's of U type frame top respectively, forms narrow wide structure down, two vertical section peripheries of stand A, stand B, U type frame are the slidable mounting sliding sleeve respectively, and the sliding sleeve is fixed through the jackscrew respectively with two vertical sections of stand A, stand B and U type frame, the sliding sleeve periphery is fixed with the telescopic link.
2. The full-scale breast measuring instrument as claimed in claim 1, wherein a transverse channel is formed below the upper frame, a sliding block is installed in the channel, and a laser generator is installed at the bottom of the sliding block.
3. The full-size breast measuring instrument of claim 1, wherein the laser digital display measuring scale comprises a laser head, a laser head base and a digital display measuring scale, the laser head base is in a cuboid shape with a cavity inside, and the laser head is fixed in the cavity inside the laser head base and is electrically connected with the digital display measuring scale.
4. The full-size breast measuring instrument according to claim 1, wherein the laser digital display measuring scale is mounted above the lower frame and on the inner side of the left frame through a sliding mechanism, the sliding mechanism comprises a guide rail, a limiting block and a sliding seat, two ends of the guide rail are fixed above the limiting block, the limiting block is fixed on the lower frame and the left frame, the sliding seat is provided with an opening matched with the guide rail, the sliding seat is mounted on the guide rail through the opening, the laser head base and the digital display measuring scale of the laser digital display measuring scale are fixed above the sliding seat, and the laser head base and the digital display measuring scale move on the guide rail along with the sliding seat.
5. The full-size breast measuring instrument as claimed in claim 1, wherein a channel is provided in front of the right frame, a sliding locking mechanism is installed on the channel, the sliding locking mechanism comprises an inner fastening plate, an outer fastening plate, a threaded jackscrew and a support rod, the inner fastening plate is slidably installed in the channel, the outer fastening plate is disposed outside the channel, the inner fastening plate and the outer fastening plate are connected through the threaded jackscrew, the end of the support rod is transversely fixed on the left side of the outer fastening plate, the light source generator is rotatably installed at the head end of the support rod through a clamping member, the clamping member comprises a support rod sleeve and a "C" shaped elastic hoop fixed with the support rod sleeve, the support rod sleeve is sleeved on the outer wall of the support rod, and the light source generator is clamped in the "C" shaped elastic hoop.
6. The full-size breast measuring instrument as claimed in claim 1, wherein the limit locking mechanism comprises a base, a hinge, a central shaft and a fastening jackscrew, the base is fixed on the hinge through a fastening screw and is hinged with the base through the central shaft, the tightness between the hinge and the base is adjusted through the fastening jackscrew, and the base is respectively fixed behind the left frame and the right frame through a fixing bolt.
7. The full-size breast measuring instrument according to claim 1, wherein the first cross arm is provided with a laser digital display measuring ruler through a first support, the first support is in a shape of "pi", and comprises two pillars a, a guide rail a and a sliding seat a, the two pillars a are respectively fixed with the first cross arm vertically, the guide rail a is fixed on the top ends of the two pillars a, the sliding seat a is provided with an opening a and is slidably mounted on the guide rail a through the opening a, and a laser head base and the digital display measuring ruler of the laser digital display measuring ruler are fixed on the sliding seat a; the second xarm passes through second support mounting laser digital display chi, the second support is the same with first supporting structure, and the shape is "II" shape, including two pillar B, guide rail B and sliding seat B, two pillar B respectively with second xarm vertical fixation, guide rail B fixes on two pillar B tops, is equipped with opening B on the sliding seat B to install on guide rail B through opening B slidable, laser head base and the digital display dipperstick of laser digital display chi are fixed on sliding seat B.
8. The full-scale breast measuring instrument according to claim 1, wherein the first cross arm and the second cross arm are respectively provided with a level gauge, and the upper frame, the lower frame, the left frame and the right frame of the walking suspension are respectively coated with LED strips at the rear part.
9. The method for evaluating breast symmetry based on the full-scale mammometer according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the method is implemented by the full-scale mammometer according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the method comprises:
(1) moving the walking suspension frame to the foremost end of the second rectangular frame along the high-precision linear guide rail, taking the human body to stand, and standing the human body with the two upper limb waists close to the adjustable fixing frame;
(2) opening a laser generator, enabling the laser beam to be overlapped with the median line of a patient to serve as a reference laser beam, loosening jackscrews on an upright A and an upright B of an adjustable fixing frame, adjusting the positions of sliding sleeves on the upright A and the upright B and placing the sliding sleeves on two sides of the head of a human body, rotating the positions of the sliding sleeves to enable a telescopic rod to clamp the head, screwing the jackscrews to tightly push the upright A and the upright B, fixing the positions of the sliding sleeves on the upright A and the upright B, and adjusting the positions of the sliding sleeves on a U-shaped frame to fix the waist in the same way;
(3) adjusting the front and rear positions of the walking suspension again according to the stature of the human body to enable the walking suspension to be in the optimal position;
(4) opening a laser digital display measuring scale on the lower frame, adjusting the vertical laser beam to be overlapped with the reference laser beam in the step (2), enabling the numerical value of the laser digital display measuring scale to return to zero, slowly moving the laser digital display measuring scale to the left side at a constant speed to the positions of the left nipple and the outer side wall of the left breast respectively, and measuring and recording the distance L from the left nipple to the central line1Distance L from lateral wall of left breast to midline2The distance L from the nipple to the midline of the right breast is measured and recorded by the same method3Distance L from lateral wall to midline of right breast4；
(5) Opening the laser digital display measuring scale at the inner side of the left frame, aligning the horizontal laser beam with the center point of the left nipple, zeroing the numerical value of the digital display measuring scale, slowly moving downwards at a constant speed, aligning the horizontal laser beam with the edge of the left breast lower wrinkled wall, and measuring and recording the distance L between the left nipple and the left breast lower wrinkled wall5The distance L between the right nipple and the lower crinkle wall of the right breast is measured and recorded by the same method6；
Aligning the horizontal laser beam to the center of the left nipple, zeroing the digital display measuring scale, slowly moving to align the horizontal laser beam to the center of the right nipple, and recording the horizontal height difference H of the nipples at both sides1The difference in the horizontal heights of the lower crinkles of the bilateral breasts was measured by the same method and recorded as H2；
(6) Loosening a fastening jackscrew on a limiting locking mechanism on a first cross arm, lifting the first cross arm upwards to a horizontal position, calibrating whether the first cross arm is in the horizontal position through a level meter, screwing the fastening jackscrew after calibration to fix the first cross arm, opening a laser digital display measuring scale on the first cross arm, aligning a vertical laser beam with the highest point of a left nipple, resetting the numerical value of the digital display measuring scale to zero, slowly moving the horizontal cross arm to the axillary front line of a patient at a constant speed, and measuring and recording the height h of the left breast in the sagittal plane1Opening the laser digital display measuring scale on the second cross arm by the same method, measuring and recordingHeight h of right breast in sagittal plane2；
(7) Opening a light source generator, irradiating the healthy and affected breasts, adjusting the position and the angle of the light source generator through a sliding locking mechanism, so that a light shadow is projected onto a body from top to bottom along the midline of the body, generating a three-dimensional high-brightness area projection of the breast with clear light and shade layers due to the three-dimensional shape of the breast, recording the projection area as M1 by taking pictures through a mobile phone or a digital camera, then adjusting the light shadow to irradiate the breast from bottom to top, and recording the projection area as M2 by taking pictures;
(8) turning off the light source generator, opening the LED lamp strip, and taking pictures of breasts at two sides;
(9) and (4) carrying out mirror inversion treatment on the M1 and the M2 obtained in the step (7) to obtain the similarity between the healthy side breast and the affected side breast.
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| CN102406504A (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2012-04-11 | 中国人民解放军总后勤部军需装备研究所 | Double-column non-contact three-dimensional (3D) automatic human dimension measuring instrument |
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| EP2258265A2 (en) * | 2009-06-03 | 2010-12-08 | MINIMEDREAM Co., Ltd. | Human body measurement system and information provision method using the same |
| CN102406504A (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2012-04-11 | 中国人民解放军总后勤部军需装备研究所 | Double-column non-contact three-dimensional (3D) automatic human dimension measuring instrument |
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