CN107395403B - Credit-based block chain consensus method suitable for large-scale electronic commerce - Google Patents
Credit-based block chain consensus method suitable for large-scale electronic commerce Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The block chain is applied to a large-scale e-commerce application scene, the expansibility required by the large-scale e-commerce scene can be achieved, million-level nodes can be supported, the requirement of per second million-level consensus of e-commerce services can be met, energy consumption like bit money is not needed, and the block chain is not lack of safety guarantee like a block chain adopting a rights and interests (POS). The method comprises the following steps: (1) the blockchain architecture consists of a alliance chain environment in a firewall, a gateway environment in an armless isolation area and a platform in the public internet; (2) selecting a small number of nodes with high trust degree from a public environment by members of the alliance chain in a voting mode to serve as first-stage consensus nodes; (3) and sending the first-stage consensus result to a alliance chain, and performing secondary consensus by members of the alliance chain through voting to ensure the correctness of the consensus result from the public environment and meet the requirement of safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of block chains, in particular to a credit-based block chain consensus method suitable for large-scale electronic commerce.
Background
The blockchain technology is regarded as subversive technology of the next generation internet, solves the problem of high cost of establishing trust on the internet, is called as 'value internet', and has wide application in finance, government, internet of things and numerous industries.
The existing block chain consensus algorithm is mainly divided into two categories, namely a public chain consensus algorithm and a private chain consensus algorithm. The public chain consensus algorithm mainly comprises a workload proof mechanism (POW), a rights and interests proof mechanism (PoS) or a negotiation rights and interests proof mechanism (DPoS). For example, the consensus mechanism for bitcoin is PoW, while those used in the PoS (Point coins) and non-coins (NXT) are the PoS consensus mechanism, and Bitshares (Bitshares) use the DPoS consensus mechanism. The workload proving mechanism PoW has the disadvantages of low efficiency and large energy consumption. The PoS mechanism, although efficient, has the problem of poor security and fairness. DPoS evolves from PoS basis, also has the problem that security is weak, and the fairness is poor. The consensus algorithm of the private chain is mainly based on the traditional distributed system consistency algorithm. The main representatives are PAXOS and the byzantine fault-tolerant BFT algorithm. Although these algorithms are more efficient and safer than POW, they have a major problem of poor Scalability (Scalability) and transparency, and are not suitable for large-scale commercial applications.
The current problem of consensus algorithms severely restricts the commercial application of blockchains, especially in large-scale e-commerce.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the block chain is applied to a large-scale e-commerce application scene, so that the expansibility required by the large-scale e-commerce scene can be achieved, million-level nodes can be supported, the requirement of the e-commerce service on the consensus of tens of millions of per second can be met, energy consumption such as bit money is not needed, and the problems of safety and fairness caused by the adoption of a POS rights and interests certification mechanism are solved.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: the credit-based block chain consensus method suitable for large-scale electronic commerce comprises the following steps of:
(1) the blockchain architecture consists of a alliance chain environment in a firewall, a gateway environment in an armless isolation area and a platform in the public internet;
(2) selecting a small number of nodes with high trust degree from a public environment by members of the alliance chain in a voting mode to serve as first-stage consensus nodes;
(3) and sending the first-stage consensus result to a alliance chain, and performing secondary consensus by members of the alliance chain through voting to ensure the correctness of the consensus result from the public environment and meet the requirement of safety.
Because the consensus of the two stages of the method is the short-range consensus, the consensus efficiency can be greatly improved. When the nodes of the public network are increased, the nodes participating in the public network consensus can be maintained relatively unchanged, so that when the nodes of the public network are increased, the performance of the consensus algorithm is not influenced, and the expansibility is good. The second consensus is done by the consensus of the alliance chain, so that the Byzantine fault tolerance can be performed, and the safety is improved. Therefore, the blockchain is applied to a large-scale e-commerce application scene, the expansibility required by the large-scale e-commerce scene can be achieved, million-level nodes can be supported, the consensus requirement of e-commerce services of millions of levels per second can be met, energy consumption such as bit money is not needed, and the problems of safety and fairness caused by the adoption of a POS right and interest proving mechanism are solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a credit-based blockchain consensus method suitable for large-scale e-commerce according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an overall architecture diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an interaction protocol according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the credit-based block chain consensus method suitable for large-scale e-commerce includes the following steps:
(1) the blockchain architecture consists of a alliance chain environment in a firewall, a gateway environment in an armless isolation area and a platform in the public internet;
(2) selecting a small number of nodes with high trust degree from a public environment by members of the alliance chain in a voting mode to serve as first-stage consensus nodes;
(3) and sending the first-stage consensus result to a alliance chain, and performing secondary consensus by members of the alliance chain through voting to ensure the correctness of the consensus result from the public environment and meet the requirement of safety.
Because the consensus of the two stages of the method is the short-range consensus, the consensus efficiency can be greatly improved. When the nodes of the public network are increased, the nodes participating in the public network consensus can be maintained relatively unchanged, so that when the nodes of the public network are increased, the performance of the consensus algorithm is not influenced, and the expansibility is good. The second consensus is done by the consensus of the alliance chain, so that the Byzantine fault tolerance can be performed, and the safety is improved. Therefore, the blockchain is applied to a large-scale e-commerce application scene, the expansibility required by the large-scale e-commerce scene can be achieved, million-level nodes can be supported, the consensus requirement of e-commerce services of millions of levels per second can be met, energy consumption such as bit money is not needed, and the problems of safety and fairness caused by the adoption of a POS right and interest proving mechanism are solved.
Fig. 2 is an overall architecture diagram of the present invention. The invention adopts a mixed chain mechanism and integrates the characteristics of a alliance chain and a public chain. The alliance chain is composed of a plurality of e-commerce platform related parties, and can comprise a supervision agency, a notarization agency, an e-commerce operator and other related parties. The network of the federation chain is a private network. The E-commerce platform belongs to a public network. The two networks are separated by a firewall in the DMZ zone and communicate through a gateway node. Therefore, the invention takes the length of the public chain and the alliance chain/private chain respectively, and avoids the weakness of the public chain and the alliance chain/private chain.
The invention divides the roles participating in the consensus process into four roles, wherein the first role is a Leader (consensus alliance), the second role is a gateway role, the third role is an alliance voting role and the fourth role is a public network transaction verification role. The alliance owner is selected from all alliance members in the alliance chain, the alliance owner has an appointment period, and the alliance with the expired appointment period is reselected. The federation can also re-elect a federation owner if the federation owner does not respond within a specified time limit.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, in the step (2), a federation owner is selected from the members in the federation chain, a transaction verification node list on the public network is nominated, and the verification node list is voted through half of the federation chain; if the verification nodes which pass the first round of obtaining are not enough, the allied owner continues to nominate; if eventually a specified number of people is not reached, the federation chain launches a recognized alternate authentication node.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, in the step (3), the second-degree consensus participant is selected by using a trust value as a selection criterion, and the trust value is obtained from the historical data by a machine learning method by using a naive bayes algorithm.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, in the step (3), after the verification node is selected, the gateway node notifies the verification node on the public network that the identity of the verification node is not public; the gateway node encrypts the current block depth by adopting the public key of the selected consensus participant, then connects the encrypted messages of all the participants into a comma separated message, and then broadcasts the comma separated message to the public network; the nodes receiving the messages use respective private keys to confirm whether one of the comma-separated encrypted messages can be decrypted, and if so, the nodes prove that the nodes are selected consensus participants.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, in the step (3), when the consensus participants of the public network send back the consensus result to the alliance chain, a threshold encryption manner is adopted, so that the consensus participants do not know the voting result of each other, so as to prevent some voters from adopting a strategy of voting with a big flow.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, each authentication node will encrypt using the (k, m) SSSS threshold encryption mechanism: dividing the packaged transaction into m parts, wherein m is the number of the network joint points. Each share is encrypted by a public key of one gateway node; then the ciphertext is broadcasted to the alliance chain; after receiving the ciphertext, the gateway node decrypts one part of the ciphertext by using a private key, and then broadcasts the decrypted part to the voting node of the alliance chain; if the alliance chain node receives k decryption messages, k is larger than half of m. And recovering the original text by utilizing an SSSS threshold encryption mechanism.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the alliance selects the transactions that pass both the authentication node and the voting node of the alliance chain, determines the transaction sequence according to a certain rule, packs the transactions into a block, generates a block hash value, and broadcasts the block to the alliance chain; checking whether the transaction in the block obtains a majority of votes of the verification nodes and a half of votes of the nodes of the alliance chain by the nodes of the alliance chain, and linking the block to the local block chain if the votes of the nodes of the alliance chain are half of votes of the verification nodes; if not, the federation owner votes are launched within the federation chain and the federation owners pack the blocks according to rules.
Preferably, as shown in FIG. 3, if the alliance does not package blocks according to the rules, it is considered to be in error, and alliance elections are initiated.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an interaction protocol according to the present invention.
In the first phase is the alliance leader election phase. Federation candidate federation owners first initiate a request (i, VoteRequest) to each federation member to select themselves as federation owners. Where i is the node number of the candidate alliance and the request is signed with the candidate alliance's private key. Each coalition member returns a message acknowledgement (j, ActVote), where j is the member node number and is signed with the member's private key. If the agreement ticket exceeds 2/3, the candidate alliance becomes the official alliance.
The second phase is the election of the voting verification node on the public network. The principal of the official alliance nominates the voting verifier on the public network and sends a list to each coalition member to vote, the message is (i, ValidatorList), and is signed with the principal private key of the official alliance. Each member of the federation chain acknowledges agreement or disagreement back with a message, which is (j, Vote), signed with the member's private key. If the approval is 1/2, the voter election on the public network is completed. If the number of the allied people is not enough, the allied owner supplements the candidates again and submits the voting again. If three are unsuccessful, the allied owner will select the accepted default public network voting candidate.
The third phase is the public network voting verification phase. Firstly, the alliance sends the selected verification voter list on the public network to the gateway node, and the message is as follows: (h, ValidatorList), where h is the current block chain depth. The message is signed with the federation owner's private key. After receiving the list, the gateway node encrypts the current block chain depth h by using the public key of each public network voter node, then separates the encrypted messages of all public network voting nodes by commas, connects the encrypted messages together, and broadcasts the messages to the public network. The message is (g, EncryptedList [ v ]), signed with the gateway node private key. If the candidate voting nodes in the public network can decrypt one of the block chain deep message domains by using the private key of the candidate voting nodes, the candidate voting nodes prove that the candidate voting nodes are the selected voting verifier. The voting verifier packs the transactions approved in the network into a data block and then divides the data block into m parts, wherein m is the number of the network joint points, and k is more than m/2. Then, a (k, m) threshold encryption mode is adopted, and public key encryption of each gateway is used for encrypting each share. And finally, separating each encrypted data by commas, connecting the encrypted data into a message and broadcasting the message to the alliance chain. The message is (v, TransactionShares [ m ]), where v is the verification node number and is signed with the node private key.
The fourth stage is the federation chain re-vote validation stage. And after receiving the (v, transactionShares [ m ]), the gateway node decrypts the data by using the private key of the gateway node. And broadcasts the decrypted message to the federation chain. The message is (g, TransactionShare), where g is the gateway node number and is signed with its own private key. As long as the coalition members receive the broadcast messages of the k gateway nodes, the data block originally encrypted by the public network verification node can be recovered by adopting threshold decryption. The data block contains the transactions in the round of consensus. Each league member node will vote on each of the transactions and return the results to the league owner. The message is (j, transactionists, Votes), where j is the federation node number, transactionists is the number of all transactions in the round of consensus, and Votes is a vote corresponding to each transaction. The message is signed with the federation node's private key.
Finally, after receiving the votes of all the alliance members, the alliance owner selects the transactions with the number exceeding 1/2 votes, packs the transactions into a block, generates a block hash value, links the block hash value to a block chain, broadcasts the new block chain to the alliance chain and broadcasts the new block chain to the public network through a gateway node. The message is (i, NewBlock), where i is the federation owner node number, and the message is signed with the federation owner node's private key.
The method has the advantages that:
the biggest difference between the present application and the prior art is that it can be applied to large-scale e-commerce platforms. The existing consensus mechanism, whether a public chain or a alliance chain/private chain, cannot meet the requirements of a large-scale e-commerce platform on high performance, high expansibility and high safety.
The method has another important meaning of providing a credible, anti-counterfeiting, anti-tampering and accountable transaction platform for the existing centralized e-commerce platform and avoiding the defects of some centralized platforms. Many applications of blockchains currently require reconstruction of a new decentralized application, which is neither practical nor expensive in many situations. It is a big factor that restricts the application of the blockchain. And the invention can avoid this.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications, equivalent variations and modifications made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A credit-based block chain consensus method applicable to large-scale e-commerce is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the blockchain architecture consists of a alliance chain environment in a firewall, a gateway environment in an armless isolation area and a platform in a public network;
(2) a few nodes with high trust degree are selected from a public network by members of the alliance chain in a voting mode to serve as first-stage consensus nodes;
(3) sending the first-stage consensus result to a alliance chain, and making secondary consensus by members of the alliance chain through voting so as to ensure the correctness of the consensus result from the public network and meet the requirement of safety;
in the step (2), selecting a union owner from all union members in the union chain, nominating a transaction verification node list on the public network, wherein the verification node list needs to pass half voting in the union chain; if the verification nodes which pass the first round of obtaining are not enough, the allied owner continues to nominate; if the specified number of people is not reached finally, starting a recognized alternative verification node by the alliance chain;
in the step (3), a trust value is used as a selection standard to select a secondary consensus participant, wherein the trust value is obtained from historical data by a machine learning method through a naive Bayes algorithm; after the verification node is selected, the gateway node informs the verification node on the public network that the identity of the verification node is not public; the gateway node encrypts the current block depth by adopting the public key of the selected consensus participant, then connects the encrypted messages of all the participants into a comma separated message, and then broadcasts the comma separated message to the public network; the nodes receiving the messages use respective private keys to confirm whether one of the comma-separated encrypted messages can be decrypted, and if so, the nodes prove that the nodes are selected consensus participants.
2. The credit-based blockchain consensus method for large-scale electronic commerce according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), when the consensus participants of the public network send back the consensus result to the alliance chain, a threshold encryption mode is adopted, so that the consensus participants do not know the voting result of the other party, and some voters are prevented from adopting a strategy of voting along with the mass flow.
3. The credit-based blockchain consensus method for large-scale electronic commerce according to claim 2, wherein: each authentication node will encrypt using the (k, m) SSSS threshold encryption mechanism: dividing the packaged transaction into m shares, wherein m is equal to the number of gateway nodes, and each share is encrypted by a public key of one gateway node; then the ciphertext is broadcasted to the alliance chain; after receiving the ciphertext, the gateway node decrypts one part of the ciphertext by using a private key, and then broadcasts the decrypted part to the voting node of the alliance chain; and if the union link node receives k decryption messages, recovering the original text by using an SSSS threshold encryption mechanism, wherein k is larger than one half of m.
4. The credit-based blockchain consensus method for large-scale electronic commerce according to claim 2, wherein: the alliance owner selects the transactions which pass through half of the verification nodes and more than one half of the voting nodes of the alliance chain, determines a transaction sequence according to a certain rule, packs the transactions into a block, generates a block hash value and broadcasts the block to the alliance chain; checking whether the transaction in the block obtains a majority of votes of the verification nodes and a half of votes of the nodes of the alliance chain by the nodes of the alliance chain, and linking the block to the local block chain if the votes of the nodes of the alliance chain are half of votes of the verification nodes; if not, the federation owner votes are launched within the federation chain and the federation owners pack the blocks according to rules.
5. The credit-based blockchain consensus method of claim 4, wherein: if the alliance owner does not pack the block according to the rule, the alliance owner elects to be started if the block is considered to be in error.
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