CN107394838A - A kind of method and device of small-sized Ni-Cr battery management of charging and discharging - Google Patents

A kind of method and device of small-sized Ni-Cr battery management of charging and discharging Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107394838A
CN107394838A CN201710604981.4A CN201710604981A CN107394838A CN 107394838 A CN107394838 A CN 107394838A CN 201710604981 A CN201710604981 A CN 201710604981A CN 107394838 A CN107394838 A CN 107394838A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
module
discharge
charging
battery
main control
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CN201710604981.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张震
汪咏
郑浩
褚衍清
陈朋
朱威
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Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
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Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
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Priority to CN201710604981.4A priority Critical patent/CN107394838A/en
Publication of CN107394838A publication Critical patent/CN107394838A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0068Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44Methods for charging or discharging
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J2007/0067
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of method and device of small-sized Ni-Cr battery management of charging and discharging, including main control module, charging module, discharge module, Current Voltage detection module, power module, display module, input module, reminding module, main control module monitors battery status by Current Voltage detection module;Normal charging mode charging module charges for battery, monitors to disconnect charging module when electricity is full of;Intelligent discharge pattern main control module controls discharge module to carry out constant-current discharge with different electric currents according to current battery level, until electricity drains;Cycle charging pattern master control module controls discharge module works to the complete electric discharge of battery, then controls charging module fully charged, electric discharge and charging process reciprocation cycle, the cycle-index until reaching setting.The present invention can overcome the defects of Ni-Cr battery capacity can significantly reduce because of " memory effect " in intelligent car systems according to the process of the actual state intelligent management discharge and recharge of battery, extend the service life of battery.

Description

A kind of method and device of small-sized Ni-Cr battery management of charging and discharging
Technical field
The present invention relates to Digital Signal Processing, more particularly to a kind of method of small-sized Ni-Cr battery management of charging and discharging and Device.
Background technology
In national college students' intelligent automobile contest, it is intelligence that organizing committee, which is specified using 7.2V/2000mAh Ni-Cr battery, Dolly is powered.This battery economy and durability, the discharge and recharge of more than 500 times is repeated, quickly-chargeable but also can not only continued for car mould High current is provided, it is very easy to use.But Ni-Cr battery it is most fatal the shortcomings that be to exist so-called " memory effect ", that is Go to charge if the electricity of battery does not drain completely, when next time discharges again, whole electricity cannot be released, in the course of time will Cause the decline of battery capacity.Intelligent carriage is the system of a unusual power consumption, and its motor power is directed to battery, with The reduction of battery electric quantity, cell voltage gradually reduce, so as to support the normal work of intelligent carriage.If in addition, frequent handle The battery that electricity does not drain is taken away charging, the time grown battery capacity decline it is very serious.
7.2V battery is actually to be in series by 6 section Ni-Cr batteries, and each element cell is about 1.2V, completely When fully charged, battery total voltage is after 8.4V or so, complete electric discharge, and battery total voltage is in 6V or so.According to intelligent automobile contest Experience, it is found that intelligent carriage operational effect when battery is just fully charged is also undesirable, because conventional control parameter is all Debugging comes out in general, the too high performance that can influence motor and Servo-controller of cell voltage, speed shake occurs, turns To it is bigger than normal the problems such as, it is undesirable to ultimately result in operational effect.Therefore, player generally arrives battery discharge before each match 7.8V or so, to enable intelligent carriage to run out of preferable achievement.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the defects of Ni-Cr battery capacity can significantly reduce because of " memory effect " in intelligent car systems, the present invention A kind of method and device of small-sized Ni-Cr battery management of charging and discharging is proposed, to effectively improve the service life of small-sized Ni-Cr battery.
In order to solve drawbacks described above, the present invention provides a kind of method of small-sized Ni-Cr battery management of charging and discharging, including following Step:
(1) on small-sized Ni-Cr battery management of charging and discharging device after electricity, its charging module is with discharge module all in disconnection shape State, Ni-Cr battery are powered after power module voltage stabilizing to main control module, and main control module is started working.
(2) main control module is to display module output operational mode selection menu, wherein selectable operational mode is including general Logical charge mode, Intelligent discharge pattern, cycle charging pattern.User by input module to main control module sending mode signal, Select present mode of operation.If selecting normal charging mode, step (3) is carried out;If selecting Intelligent discharge pattern, walked Suddenly (4);If selecting cycle charging pattern, step (5) is carried out.
(3) relay of master control module controls charging module is connected, and starts to charge the battery, while main control module passes through electricity Stream voltage detection module detects the voltage and current of small-sized Ni-Cr battery in real time, is output on the screen of display module;Master control mould Block calculates the voltage variety Δ V in the adjacent current voltage detecting cycle, and the Current Voltage detection cycle of wherein main control module is 10ms, if Δ V is equal to zero, show that voltage stops change, electricity is completely filled with, and then carries out step (6).
(4) the target voltage V of electric discharge is set by input moduletarget, its span is [6,8], and unit is volt, Discharge module half-bridge circuit of synchronous rectification work, main control module can adjustment electric discharge electric current, until battery is put into setting Voltage, then carry out step (6).During whole electric discharge, main control module output 10KHz PWM ripples to discharge module Half-bridge circuit of synchronous rectification, and constant-current discharge is carried out using classical pid control algorithm:When starting electric discharge, main control module Discharge module is controlled to accelerate the velocity of discharge with 1A heavy-current discharge;When the difference of current voltage and target voltage is less than 0.5V, Continue to discharge with 0.1A low current, until the voltage of battery reaches the target voltage of setting.
(5) cycle charging times N is set by input module, its span is [3,10], and main control module can be controlled first Discharge module carries out discharging (cell voltage that main control module detects is less than or equal to 6V) completely to battery, then controls charging module It is fully charged that (the voltage variety Δ V in the adjacent current voltage detecting cycle is zero, and wherein Current Voltage detection cycle is 10ms), until charging times reach N, then carry out in next step.After cycle charging pattern, " the note of battery can be released Recall effect ", make capacity resuming normal.
(6) after completing the aforementioned steps, main control module stops the work of charging module and discharge module, and controls prompting Module sends prompt tone, reminds user to close power supply in time and pulls out battery, terminates management of charging and discharging.
In order to realize the above method, a kind of device of small-sized Ni-Cr battery management of charging and discharging is designed, including:Main control module, Charging module, discharge module, Current Voltage detection module, power module, display module, input module, reminding module, Mei Gemo The concrete function of block is as follows:
Main control module is responsible for current and voltage quantities in charging module and the enabled of discharge module, the output of PWM ripples, charge and discharge process Analog-to-digital conversion detection, the information and the current working condition of output of processing user's input.
Charging module be 12V/800mA power supply, be responsible for DC7.2V Ni-Cr battery charging, by main control module by after Its break-make of electrical equipment control.
Discharge module is half-bridge circuit of synchronous rectification, exports enable signal by main control module and PWM ripples control, its load is High-power gold aluminum casing resistor.
Current detecting in Current Voltage detection module uses the special electric current detection chip based on Hall effect, and it is exported Voltage and the electric current that passes through it is linear such as formula (I):
Vout=0.5 × Vcc+Ip×Sensitivity (I)
Sensitivity is output sensitivity in formula, is worth for 185mV/A, IpTo flow through the electric current of current detecting chip, Vcc For the supply voltage of current detecting chip, it is worth for 5V;Voltage detecting in Current Voltage detection module is used in main control module AD conversion unit, main control module can be sent into after cell voltage partial pressure and carries out analog-to-digital conversion.In intelligent car systems, electric current Range in the range of 5A, after the voltage and current of present battery is got, main control module can be carried out to battery status Intelligent monitoring, realize the intelligent management to battery charging and discharging.
In addition, power module be main control module, Current Voltage detection module, charging module, discharge module, display module and Reminding module provides required magnitude of voltage;Display module includes display screen, shows current operating state;Input module include it is upper, Under, left and right four direction button, and one confirmation button, for receiving user instruction;Reminding module can send prompt tone, Indicate current operating state.
A kind of method and device of small-sized Ni-Cr battery management of charging and discharging disclosed by the invention, device include:Main control module, Charging module, discharge module, Current Voltage detection module, power module, display module, input module, reminding module.Master control mould Block monitors the state of DC7.2V Ni-Cr batteries by Current Voltage detection module, control the enabled of charging module and discharge module with Disconnect, realize the intelligent recharge and discharge management to Ni-Cr battery.The present invention has provided the user the mode of operation of a variety of discharge and recharges, and And adjusted with the more parameter set for user:Under normal charging mode, charging module work is charged for battery, master control mould Block monitors to disconnect charging module when electricity is full of;Under Intelligent discharge pattern, main control module is according to current battery level situation, control Discharge module processed carries out constant-current discharge with different electric currents, until electricity drains;Under cycle charging pattern, main control module is controlled first Discharge module work processed is discharged battery completely, then controls charging module to be fully charged, and electric discharge is past with charging process Multiple circulation, the cycle-index until reaching setting.It is an advantage of the invention that can be according to the actual state intelligent management charge and discharge of battery The process of electricity, the defects of Ni-Cr battery capacity can significantly reduce because of " memory effect " in intelligent car systems is overcome, is extended The service life of battery.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of small-sized Ni-Cr battery management of charging and discharging device;
Fig. 2 is a kind of flow chart of small-sized Ni-Cr battery method for managing charge/discharge.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings come illustrate the present invention specific implementation process:
As shown in figure 1, a kind of device of small-sized Ni-Cr battery management of charging and discharging, by main control module, charging module, electric discharge mould Block, Current Voltage detection module, power module, display module, input module and reminding module composition.Wherein, at main control module In core position, it and charging module, discharge module, Current Voltage detection module, display module, input module, reminding module It is connected.The folding of master control module controls charging module relay, the half-bridge driver of output PWM ripple control discharge modules, passes through The size of current that internal AD conversion unit obtains the voltage of present battery and flowed through.Power module is main control module, prompting mould Block and display module provide 3.3V operating voltage, and 5V work is provided for the relay of charging module, Current Voltage detection module Make voltage, 12V operating voltage is provided for discharge module.
Specifically, main control module uses the STM32F103 single-chip microcomputers of ST Microelectronics, and built-in 2 12 moduluses turn Unit (ADC), up to 16 passages are changed, meets the requirement of voltage, current acquisition precision;The single-chip microcomputer also has 3 16 simultaneously Timer, each timer have up to 4 to be used for input capture/output to compare the/passage of PWM or step-by-step counting.
Power module exports 3.3V voltages using LM2940 voltage stabilizing chips output 5V voltages, LM1117 voltage stabilizing chips, MC34063 boost chips export 12V voltages.
Meanwhile the current detecting in Current Voltage detection module uses ACS712 special chips, it is based on Hall effect, defeated The voltage gone out and the electric current passed through are linear, and ADC can be gathered inside single-chip microcomputer;In addition, in Current Voltage detection module Voltage detecting directly gather the cell voltage after electric resistance partial pressure using ADC inside single-chip microcomputer.
Charging module is made up of a relay and 12V/800mA power supplys, and relay is controlled by single-chip microcomputer, is only being charged It can just be opened under pattern;Discharge module forms half-bridge circuit of synchronous rectification by IR2104 chips, and load uses high-power gold aluminium Shell resistance, and heat abstractor has been installed additional with the normal work of maintenance module.
Display module is OLED display screen;Input module is five axle buttons, and wherein acknowledgement key is in four direction key The heart;Reminding module is buzzer.
As shown in Fig. 2 a kind of method of small-sized Ni-Cr battery management of charging and discharging, specific steps include:
(1) on Ni-Cr battery management of charging and discharging device after electricity, its charging module is with discharge module all in off-state, electricity Pond is powered after power module voltage stabilizing to single-chip microcomputer, and single-chip microcomputer is started working, initiating hardware.
(2) single-chip microcomputer is to OLED output operational mode selection menus, wherein selectable operational mode includes common charging Pattern, Intelligent discharge pattern, cycle charging pattern.User, to single-chip microcomputer sending mode signal, passes through direction by five axle buttons Key selects present mode of operation, and presses acknowledgement key and confirm selection.If selecting normal charging mode, step (3) is carried out;If choosing Intelligent discharge pattern is selected, then carries out step (4);If selecting cycle charging pattern, step (5) is carried out.
(3) relay of single-chip microcomputer control charging module is connected, and 12V/800mA power supplys start to charge for battery, open simultaneously The dynamic detection to cell voltage and electric current, and in real time include charging interval, voltage, electric current on OLED screen curtain;Battery is full of It is to calculate the voltage variety Δ V in the adjacent current voltage detecting cycle to detect the method used, wherein the electric current electricity of single-chip microcomputer Pressure detection cycle is 10ms, and when Δ V is equal to zero, i.e., voltage stops change, then it is assumed that battery is full of, and disconnects relay, then Carry out step (6).
(4) the target voltage V to be discharged by five axle key-press inputstarget, value is 7.8V herein, after setting, monolithic Machine starts to export 10KHz PWM ripples to half-bridge driver, and combines classical PID control algolithm and carry out constant-current discharge.In this step In rapid, according to the flash-over characteristic of Ni-Cr battery, single-chip microcomputer is discharged in the different stages using different current controls:During beginning, Discharged using high current (1A), to accelerate the velocity of discharge as far as possible;When the difference of current voltage and target voltage is less than 0.5V, use Low current (0.1A) discharges, and prevents voltage " bounce-back " phenomenon;The voltage of battery reaches the target voltage of setting, then carries out Step (6).
(5) cycle charging times N is set by five axle buttons, value is 5 herein;Then single-chip microcomputer control discharge module work Make, battery is discharged completely, i.e., the cell voltage that main control module detects is less than or equal to 6V;Then single-chip microcomputer closes electric discharge mould Block, charging module is set to work, full of being discharged again later;Above-mentioned electric discharge and charging reciprocation cycle, the circulation for reaching setting are filled Electric number, then carry out in next step.
(6) after task terminates, buzzer sends prompt tone, and single-chip microcomputer closes all modules, terminates this task.
To step (6) to complete the flow of a subtask, user can close system power supply and can also perform again step (1) Bit manipulation returns to the discharge and recharge task of step (1) progress next time.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of method for managing charge/discharge of small-sized Ni-Cr battery, it is characterised in that the method includes the steps of:
Step 1:Charging module and discharge module disconnect with main control module respectively, and small-sized Ni-Cr battery is given after power module voltage stabilizing Main control module is powered, and main control module is started working;
Step 2:Main control module is sent out to display module output operational mode selection menu, user by input module to main control module Mode signal is sent to select present mode of operation, if selection normal charging mode, carries out step 3, if selection Intelligent discharge pattern, Step 4 is then carried out, if selection cycle charging pattern, carries out step 5;
Step 3:Main control module is connected with charging module, and the relay and small-sized Ni-Cr battery for controlling charging module are connected, to small Type Ni-Cr battery charges, while main control module detects the voltage and electricity of small-sized Ni-Cr battery by Current Voltage detection module in real time Stream, until electricity is completely filled with, then carry out step 6;
Step 4:Set the target voltage V of electric dischargetarget, main control module and discharge module connection, discharge module are synchronous using half-bridge Rectification circuit is worked, and discharge module is connected with small-sized Ni-Cr battery, is discharged to small-sized Ni-Cr battery, and Current Voltage detection module is real When detect the voltage and current of small-sized Ni-Cr battery, the electric current of main control module adjustment electric discharge, until the voltage of battery reaches The target voltage of setting, then carry out step 6;
Step 5:Cycle charging times N is set, main control module first controls discharge module to discharge battery completely, then controls and fill Electric module is fully charged, and until charging times reach N, then carries out in next step;
Step 6:Main control module disconnects the connection with charging module or discharge module, terminates this management of charging and discharging.
A kind of 2. method for managing charge/discharge of small-sized Ni-Cr battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The step In 3, main control module detects the voltage and current of small-sized Ni-Cr battery by Current Voltage detection module in real time, calculates adjacent current Voltage variety Δ V in the voltage detecting cycle, wherein the Current Voltage cycle of main control module are 10ms, if Δ V is equal to zero, Show that voltage stops change, electricity is completely filled with.
A kind of 3. method for managing charge/discharge of small-sized Ni-Cr battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The step In 4, main control module exports 10KHz PWM ripples to the half-bridge circuit of synchronous rectification of discharge module, and using classical PID control Algorithm carries out constant-current discharge;When starting electric discharge, master control module controls discharge module accelerates electric discharge speed with 1A heavy-current discharge Degree;When the difference of current voltage and target voltage is less than 0.5V, continue to discharge with 0.1A low current, until the voltage of battery reaches To the target voltage of setting.
A kind of 4. method for managing charge/discharge of small-sized Ni-Cr battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The step In 4, VtargetSpan be [6,8].
A kind of 5. method for managing charge/discharge of small-sized Ni-Cr battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The step In 5, N span is [3,10].
A kind of a kind of 6. discharge and recharge of the method for managing charge/discharge of small-sized Ni-Cr battery using described in one of Claims 1 to 5 Managing device, it is characterised in that:The management of charging and discharging device includes main control module, and the main control module is connected with charging mould Block, discharge module and Current Voltage detection module.
7. a kind of management of charging and discharging device of the method for managing charge/discharge of small-sized Ni-Cr battery according to claim 6, its It is characterised by:The management of charging and discharging device also include be used for will after battery voltage stabilizing to main control module, Current Voltage detection module, Charging module, discharge module, display module and the power module of reminding module power supply.
8. a kind of management of charging and discharging device of the method for managing charge/discharge of small-sized Ni-Cr battery according to claim 6, its It is characterised by:The management of charging and discharging device also includes being used to show the aobvious of optional charge and discharge mode and charge and discharge mode process Show module, the display module is connected with the main control module.
9. a kind of management of charging and discharging device of the method for managing charge/discharge of small-sized Ni-Cr battery according to claim 6, its It is characterised by:The management of charging and discharging device also includes being used for the input module for selecting discharge and recharge operational mode, the input mould Block is connected with the main control module.
10. a kind of management of charging and discharging device of the method for managing charge/discharge of small-sized Ni-Cr battery according to claim 6, its It is characterised by:The management of charging and discharging device also includes being used to remind user to close power supply in time and pull out the prompting mould of battery Block, the reminding module are connected with the main control module.
CN201710604981.4A 2017-07-24 2017-07-24 A kind of method and device of small-sized Ni-Cr battery management of charging and discharging Pending CN107394838A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110729521A (en) * 2019-09-11 2020-01-24 武汉瑞杰特材料有限责任公司 Method, circuit and system for discharging residual electricity of battery
CN110752413A (en) * 2019-09-11 2020-02-04 武汉瑞杰特材料有限责任公司 Method, circuit and system for discharging battery
CN111564885A (en) * 2020-06-01 2020-08-21 东莞市创明福兴电子科技有限公司 Controllable power supply device

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101814748A (en) * 2009-04-11 2010-08-25 徐江林 Mobile phone charger capable of carrying out automatic discharging/charging management and displaying battery capacity
CN104092251A (en) * 2014-06-16 2014-10-08 叶林松 Ni-mh battery and nickel-cadmium battery charging and discharging analyzer and charging and discharging method of ni-mh battery and nickel-cadmium battery charging and discharging analyzer

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101814748A (en) * 2009-04-11 2010-08-25 徐江林 Mobile phone charger capable of carrying out automatic discharging/charging management and displaying battery capacity
CN104092251A (en) * 2014-06-16 2014-10-08 叶林松 Ni-mh battery and nickel-cadmium battery charging and discharging analyzer and charging and discharging method of ni-mh battery and nickel-cadmium battery charging and discharging analyzer

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110729521A (en) * 2019-09-11 2020-01-24 武汉瑞杰特材料有限责任公司 Method, circuit and system for discharging residual electricity of battery
CN110752413A (en) * 2019-09-11 2020-02-04 武汉瑞杰特材料有限责任公司 Method, circuit and system for discharging battery
CN110752413B (en) * 2019-09-11 2022-03-29 武汉瑞杰特材料有限责任公司 Method, circuit and system for discharging battery
CN111564885A (en) * 2020-06-01 2020-08-21 东莞市创明福兴电子科技有限公司 Controllable power supply device

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Application publication date: 20171124