CN107394805A - 微电网稳定装置 - Google Patents

微电网稳定装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107394805A
CN107394805A CN201610482184.9A CN201610482184A CN107394805A CN 107394805 A CN107394805 A CN 107394805A CN 201610482184 A CN201610482184 A CN 201610482184A CN 107394805 A CN107394805 A CN 107394805A
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voltage
converter
network
bus
micro
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Inventor
李庭官
陈彦豪
张存德
王文杰
蔡松峯
陈智荣
卢思颖
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Chung Hsin Electric and Machinery Manufacturing Corp
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Chung Hsin Electric and Machinery Manufacturing Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00002—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by monitoring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00016—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J4/00—Circuit arrangements for mains or distribution networks not specified as ac or dc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/10—The dispersed energy generation being of fossil origin, e.g. diesel generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/30—The power source being a fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/70—Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
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    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
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    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/123—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving renewable energy sources
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
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    • Y04S40/124—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using wired telecommunication networks or data transmission busses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
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Abstract

一种微电网稳定装置，并接一直流总线以及一交流电网。一直流发电设备供电予直流总线。一交流发电设备供电予交流电网。一转换器耦接在直流总线与交流电网之间，用以转换直流总线的电压予交流电网。当直流总线或是交流电网的电压不稳定时，微电网稳定装置供电予直流总线及交流电网中的至少一者，用以稳定直流总线和交流电网的电力。

Description

微电网稳定装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种微电网稳定装置，特别涉及一种稳定交流电网的装置。
背景技术
目前的供电设备大多供电予大都市。对于偏远地区或是岛屿的居民，可能利用微电网(micro grid)供电予居民。然而，当微电网的电力不稳定时，将造成居民的不便。再者，虽然再生能源供电设备逐渐增加，但再生能源比微电网的电力更不稳定。
发明内容
本发明提供一种微电网稳定装置，包括一第一燃料电池组、一第一转换器、一第一开关、一第二转换器、一二次电池、一第三转换器、一第二开关以及一智能能源管理器。第一燃料电池组用以提供一第一电压。第一转换器耦接第一燃料电池组，并转换第一电压，用以产生一第一直流电压。第一开关耦接第一转换器，用以输出第一直流电压予一直流总线。直流发电设备耦接直流总线，并提供一第二直流电压予直流总线。外部转换器耦接直流总线，并转换直流总线的电压，用以产生一补充电压予一交流电网。第二转换器耦接第一转换器，并转换第一直流电压或该直流总线的电压，用以产生一第一充电电压。二次电池耦接第二转换器，并根据第一充电电压而充电，用以提供一第二电压。第三转换器耦接二次电池，并转换第二电压，用以产生一第一交流电压。第二开关耦接第三转换器，用以输出第一交流电压予交流电网或是提供交流电网的电压予第三转换器。第三转换器转换交流电网的电压，用以产生一第二充电电压对二次电池充电。一交流发电设备耦接交流总线，并提供一第二交流电压予交流电网。智能能源管理器根据直流总线与交流电网的电力品质，调整控制第一燃料电池组、第一至第三转换器以及二次电池中的至少一者的工作状态，用以稳定直流总线与交流电网的电力。
为让本发明的特征和优点能更明显易懂，下文特举出较佳实施例，并配合说明书附图，作详细说明如下：
附图说明
图1为本发明的电力供给系统的示意图。
图2为本发明的微电网稳定装置的一可能实施例。
图3为本发明的微电网稳定装置的另一可能实施例。
附图标记说明：
100：电力供给系统；
110：直流发电设备；
120、240、250、260、320：转换器；
130：交流发电设备；
140、200、300：微电网稳定装置；
DCBUS：直流总线；
ACBUS：交流电网；
111：太阳能板；
112：蓄电池；
113：充电器；
150：用户端；
210：智能能源管理器；
211、212：控制器；
220：燃料电池组；
230：二次电池；
270、280：开关；
V220、V230、V240、V250、V260、V310、V320：电压；
SC1～SC7：控制信号；
310：发电设备。
具体实施方式
图1为本发明的电力供给系统的示意图。如图所示，电力供给系统100包括一直流发电设备110、一转换器120、一交流发电设备130、一微电网稳定装置140、一直流总线DCBUS以及一交流电网ACBUS。在本实施例中，微电网稳定装置140是同时耦接直流总线DCBUS以及交流电网ACBUS，用以稳定直流总线DCBUS与交流电网ACBUS的电力。在另一可能实施例中，当直流总线DCBUS与交流电网ACBUS均具有稳定的电力时，智能能源管理器210根据直流总线DCBUS或是交流电网ACBUS的电力对本身内部的电池(如图2的二次电池230)充电。
直流发电设备110耦接直流总线DCBUS以及微电网稳定装置140，并提供一直流电压予直流总线DCBUS。在一可能实施例中，直流发电设备110是为一再生能源发电设备。本发明并不限定再生能源发电设备的种类。在本实施例中，再生能源发电设备具有一太阳能板(Photovoltaicplate)111、一蓄电池112以及一充电器113。太阳能板111吸收太阳光产生一电能。充电器113转换该电能至蓄电池112，用以对蓄电池112充电。蓄电池112提供一直流电压予直流总线DCBUS。
转换器120耦接于直流总线DCBUS与交流电网ACBUS之间。转换器120转换直流总线DCBUS的电压，用以产生一补充电压，并将补充电压提供予交流电网ACBUS。在一可能实施例中，转换器120是为一单向转换器，只能转换直流总线DCBUS的电压，并提供转换结果予交流电网ACBUS。在另一可能实施例中，转换器120是为一双向转换器(Bi-directional inverter)，不但能转换直流总线DCBUS的电压，也能转换交流电网ACBUS的电压，并提供转换结果予直流总线DCBUS。
交流发电设备130耦接交流电网ACBUS与微电网稳定装置140，并提供一交流电压予交流电网ACBUS。在一可能实施例中，交流发电设备130是为一柴油发电机，但并非用于限制本发明。在另一可能实施例中，交流发电设备130是指一发电厂。只要是能够产生交流电力的设备均可作为交流发电设备130。以柴油发电机为例，由于柴油的成本较高，因此，通过转换器120所提供的补充电压，可降低交流发电设备130的发电成本。
微电网稳定装置140耦接直流总线DCBUS与交流电网ACBUS，用以稳定直流总线DCBUS与交流电网ACBUS的电力。在本实施例中，微电网稳定装置140检测直流总线DCBUS与交流电网ACBUS的电压，并根据检测结果提供适当的电压予直流总线DCBUS与交流电网ACBUS，或是撷取直流总线DCBUS与交流电网ACBUS中的至少一者的电压，用以对本身内部的电池充电。
当微电网稳定装置140并联在多样的发电设备时，可减少发电设备的发电成本，因而达到经济性(Economic Effectiveness)，并可维持发电设备的电力品质(quality)，以避免发电设备(如110、130)的电力过大或过小时，使负载运转不正常或是缩短负载的使用寿命。再者，通过微电网稳定装置140稳定直流总线DCBUS与交流电网ACBUS的电力，可提高发电设备的电力可靠度。
微电网稳定装置140也可并接在不同的电网系统，如村庄微电网(Village Micro Grid)、柴油发电微电网(Diesel Micro Grid)或是城市微电网(Urban Micro Grid)。由于再生能源发电设备的电力会随着季节及气候变化而增加或减少，故可通过微电网稳定装置140稳定再生能源发电设备的电力。
图2为本发明的微电网稳定装置的一可能实施例。如图所示，微电网稳定装置200包括一智能能源管理器210、一燃料电池组(Fuel Cells)220、一二次电池(Rechargeable battery)230、转换器(Converter)240、250、260以及开关270、280。燃料电池组220用以提供一电压V220。在一可能实施例中，燃料电池组220根据控制信号SC1调整电压V220。
转换器240耦接燃料电池组220，并转换电压V220的电平，用以产生一直流电压V240。在本实施例中，转换器240根据控制信号SC2决定直流电压V240的电平。在一可能实施例中，转换器240是为一直流-直流转换器(DC-DC converter)。在一些实施例中，转换器240可能增加或减少电压V240的电平。在其它实施例中，转换器240根据控制信号SC2不调整电压V240。
开关270耦接转换器240，用以输出直流电压V240予直流总线DCBUS。在另一可能实施例中，当开关270导通时，开关270可将直流总线DCBUS的电压提供予转换器250。在一可能实施例中，智能能源管理器210产生一控制信号(未显示)，用以导通或不导通开关270。开关270可能是为一静态开关(static switch)，用以隔离微电网稳定装置与直流总线DCBUS，并保护微电网稳定装置不会受到直流总线DCBUS的电压影响。
转换器250耦接转换器240，并转换直流电压V240，用以产生一充电电压V250。在一可能实施例中，当燃料电池组220所产生的电压V220够大时，智能能源管理器210导通开关270，用以提供直流电压V240予直流总线DCBUS。此时，转换器250转换直流电压V240，用以产生充电电压V250对二次电池230充电。在另一可能实施例中，当再生能源充足时，直流总线DCBUS的电压将大于一预设值，因此，智能能源管理器210导通开关270并通过转换器250转换直流总线DCBUS的电压，用以对二次电池230充电。在其它实施例中，当再生能源不足时，智能能源管理器210可适当地控制燃料电池组220与二次电池230中的至少一者，使其供电予直流总线DCBUS，以稳定直流总线DCBUS的电力。在此例中，转换器250可能转换二次电池230的电压，并将转换后的电压通过开关270提供予直流总线DCBUS。在一可能实施例中，转换器250是为一双向转换器(Bi-directionalconverter)。
二次电池230耦接转换器250，并根据充电电压V250而充电。在一可能实施例中，二次电池230是为一高压储能元件，其所储存的电压V230可能达380V。本发明并不限定二次电池230的种类。在一些实施例中，二次电池230是为一锂电池。在一可能实施例中，智能能源管理器210监控二次电池230的工作状态(如电压、电流及温度)，并根据监控结果，控制转换器240、250、260中的至少一者，用以对二次电池230充电。
转换器260耦接二次电池230，并转换电压V230，用以产生一交流电压V260。在一可能实施例中，转换器260是为一双向逆变器(Bi-directionalinverter)。开关280耦接转换器260，用以输出交流电压V260予交流电网ACBUS。在另一可能实施例中，当交流电网ACBUS的电力稳定时，智能能源管理器210可能导通开关280，用以提供交流电网ACBUS的电压予转换器260，转换器260转换交流电网ACBUS的电压，并提供转换后的电压予二次电池230，用以对二次电池230充电。在本实施例中，转换器260是为一双向逆变器。
智能能源管理器210根据直流总线DCBUS与交流电网ADBUS的电力品质，调整控制燃料电池组220、转换器240、250、260以及二次电池230中的至少一者的工作状态，用以稳定直流总线DCBUS与交流电网ACBUS的电力。
在一可能实施例中，智能能源管理器210根据直流总线DCBUS的电压(也就是直流发电设备110的发电状况)，决定二次电池230的工作状态。举例而言，当直流总线DCBUS的电压大于一预设值时，智能能源管理器210控制转换器250，使转换器250转换直流总线DCBUS的电压，用以对二次电池230充电。然而，当直流总线DCBUS的电压小于预设值时，智能能源管理器210控制转换器250，用以转换二次电池230的电压，并通过开关270供电予直流总线DCBUS，用以稳定直流总线DCBUS的电力。在其它实施例中，智能能源管理器210也会根据直流总线DCBUS的电压，调整燃料电池组220的电压。
由于交流电网ACBUS的电压受到直流总线DCBUS的电压影响，因此，当直流总线DCBUS的电压不稳定时，交流电网ACBUS的电压也会受到影响。在一可能实施例中，当直流总线DCBUS的电压小于一预设值时，表示直流发电设备110不稳定，因此，智能能源管理器210致能转换器260。转换器260转换二次电池230的电压V230，用以产生交流电压V260，并通过开关280供电予交流电网ACBUS，以稳定交流电网ACBUS的电压。
在一些实施例中，智能能源管理器210利用一有线通信或一无线通信，收集并记录直流总线DCBUS与交流电网ACBUS的电力品质，并根据记录结果调整控制燃料电池组220、转换器240、250、260以及二次电池230中的至少一者的工作状态。
举例而言，当智能能源管理器210得知直流总线DCBUS的电压不稳定时，智能能源管理器210可能根据燃料电池组220与二次电池230中的至少一者的电压，供电予直流总线DCBUS，以维持直流总线DCBUS的电压。在另一可能实施例中，智能能源管理器210是利用燃料电池组220与二次电池230中的至少一者的电压，供电予交流电网ACBUS，用以稳定交流电网ACBUS的电压。然而，当直流总线DCBUS的电压稳定时，智能能源管理器210可能利用直流总线DCBUS的电压对二次电池230充电。
在其它实施例中，交流电网ACBUS耦接至少一用户端150。在此例中，智能能源管理器210根据用户端150的用电量，调整控制燃料电池组220、转换器240、250、260以及二次电池230中的至少一者的工作状态。举例而言，当用户端150需要较大的电压时，智能能源管理器210利用燃料电池组220与二次电池230中的至少一者的电压，供电予直流总线DCBUS与交流电网ACBUS中的至少一者，用以稳定交流电网ACBUS的电压。
本发明并不限定智能能源管理器210的内部架构。任何能够根据直流总线DCBUS与交流电网ACBUS的电力品质，发出控制信号SC1～SC5的电路架构均可作为智能能源管理器210。在本实施例中，智能能源管理器210具有控制器211与212。控制器211是为一主控制器，其可与控制器212进行沟通。控制器211检测直流总线DCBUS与交流电网ACBUS的电压，并根据检测结果发出控制信号SC1～SC4，并控制控制器212，使其发出控制信号SC5。在其它实施例中，不同的控制信号是由不同的控制器所产生。然而，在多个控制器中，需设定一主控制器，用以控制其它控制器的运作。
图3为本发明的微电网稳定装置的另一可能实施例。图3相似图2，不同之处在于微电网稳定装置300多了一发电设备310以及一转换器320。发电设备310提供一电压V310。在一可能实施例中，发电设备310是为一燃料电池组，但并非用以限制本发明。在其它实施例中，发电设备310是为一再生能源设备，如一风力发电设备或是一水力发电设备。
转换器320耦接发电设备310，并转换电压V310，用以产生一交流电压V320予开关280。在本实施例中，开关280提供交流电压V320予交流电网ACBUS，用以稳定交流电网ACBUS的电力。在另一可能实施例中，转换器260转换交流电压V320，并提供转换后的结果予二次电池230，用以对二次电池230充电。
智能能源管理器210根据直流总线DCBUS与交流电网ACBUS的电力品质，产生控制信号SC6与SC7，用以调整控制发电设备310与转换器320的工作状态。举例而言，发电设备310根据控制信号SC6调整电压V310的大小。同样地，转换器320根据控制信号SC7调整电压V320，并将调整后的结果提供予开关280。
当直流总线DCBUS的电压不稳定时，将影响交流电网ACBUS的电压，因此，智能能源管理器210控制燃料电池组220、二次电池230、发电设备310、转换器240、250、260、320中的至少一者，用以供电予直流总线DCBUS，以稳定直流总线DCBUS的电力，或是供电予交流电网ACBUS，用以稳定交流电网ACBUS的电力。
再者，当直流总线DCBUS的电压大于一预设值时，转换器250转换直流总线DCBUS的电压，用以对二次电池230充电，使二次电池230的电压维持在一预设电平之上。当交流电网ACBUS的电压不稳定时，转换器260根据二次电池230的电压，供电予交流电网ACBUS，用以稳定交流电网ACBUS的电压。
除非另作定义，在此所有词汇(包含技术与科学词汇)均属本发明所属技术领域中技术人员的一般理解。此外，除非明白表示，词汇于一般字典中的定义应解释为与其相关技术领域的文章中意义一致，而不应解释为理想状态或过分正式的语态。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上，然其并非用以限定本发明，任何所属技术领域中技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，当可作些许的变动与润饰，因此本发明的权利保护范围，应如权利要求书所列。

Claims (10)

1.一种微电网稳定装置，其特征在于，包括：
一第一燃料电池组，用以提供一第一电压；
一第一转换器，耦接该第一燃料电池组，并转换该第一电压，用以产生一第一直流电压；
一第一开关，耦接该第一转换器，用以输出该第一直流电压予一直流总线，其中一直流发电设备耦接该直流总线，并提供一第二直流电压予该直流总线，一外部转换器耦接该直流总线，并转换该直流总线的电压，用以产生一补充电压予一交流电网；
一第二转换器，耦接该第一转换器，并转换该第一直流电压或是该直流总线的电压，用以产生一第一充电电压；
一二次电池，耦接该第二转换器，并根据该第一充电电压而充电，用以提供一第二电压；
一第三转换器，耦接该二次电池，并转换该第二电压，用以产生一第一交流电压；
一第二开关，耦接该第三转换器，用以输出该第一交流电压予该交流电网或是提供该交流电网的电压予该第三转换器，该第三转换器转换该交流电网的电压，用以产生一第二充电电压对该二次电池充电，其中一交流发电设备耦接该交流电网，并提供一第二交流电压予该交流电网；以及
一智能能源管理器，根据该直流总线与该交流电网的电力品质，调整控制该第一燃料电池组、该第一至第三转换器以及该二次电池中的至少一者的工作状态，用以稳定该直流总线和交流电网的电力。
2.如权利要求1所述的微电网稳定装置，其中该直流发电设备是为一再生能源发电设备。
3.如权利要求1所述的微电网稳定装置，其中该智能能源管理器根据该直流发电设备的发电状况，导通该第一开关，使该第一开关提供该第二直流电压予该第二转换器，该第二转换器转换该第二直流电压，用以对该二次电池充电。
4.如权利要求1所述的微电网稳定装置，其中当该第二直流电压小于一预设值时，该智能能源管理器导通该第二开关，用以输出该第一交流电压予该交流电网。
5.如权利要求1所述的微电网稳定装置，其中该交流发电设备是为一柴油发电机。
6.如权利要求1所述的微电网稳定装置，还包括：
一发电设备，用以提供一第三电压；以及
一第四转换器，耦接该发电设备，并转换该第三电压，用以产生一第三交流电压予该第二开关，其中该智能能源管理器根据该直流总线与该交流电网的电力品质，调整控制该发电设备以及该第四转换器的工作状态。
7.如权利要求6所述的微电网稳定装置，其中该发电设备是为一第二燃料电池组。
8.如权利要求6所述的微电网稳定装置，其中该发电设备是为一风力发电设备或是一水力发电设备。
9.如权利要求1所述的微电网稳定装置，其中该交流电网耦接至少一用户端，该智能能源管理器根据该用户端的用电量，调整控制该第一燃料电池组、该第一至第三转换器以及该二次电池中的至少一者的工作状态。
10.如权利要求1所述的微电网稳定装置，其中该智能能源管理器利用一有线通信或一无线通信，收集并记录该直流总线与该交流电网的电力品质，并根据记录结果调整控制该第一燃料电池组、该第一至第三转换器以及该二次电池中的至少一者的工作状态。
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