CN1073930A - Hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement - Google Patents
Hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement Download PDFInfo
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- CN1073930A CN1073930A CN 92104144 CN92104144A CN1073930A CN 1073930 A CN1073930 A CN 1073930A CN 92104144 CN92104144 CN 92104144 CN 92104144 A CN92104144 A CN 92104144A CN 1073930 A CN1073930 A CN 1073930A
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Abstract
Hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement is to utilize industrial residue, and cinder is a main raw material, after the grating of lump coal slag, mixes with the pulverized coal dregs grating, with cement, unslaked lime is less important raw material, adds proper amount of clear water, mixes, after the stirring, compound is put into mould, and compression moulding becomes work in-process.Three work in-process are bonded into hollow brick into integral body with grout, after maintenance, are finished product.
Hollow brick of the present invention and derive, mixing prod has three kinds: 1. hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement, 2. oil shale waste hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement, 3. cinder pyrite slag hollow concrete block.This all is the comprehensive utilization industrial residue, the novel light material of construction of remarkable in economical benefits, and have the excellent properties of sound insulation, heat insulation, winter protection.
Description
Preface: China is big coal country, and industry and domestic fuel all are based on coal.Power industry, based on fiery power station, industry and civil boiler all are based on coal combustion.The chemical fertilizer industry of China is flourishing, large, medium and small fertilizer plant, and the counties and cities, various places spread all over the country.Since the seventies, introduced ten surplus a large-scale fertilizer plant be to be raw material and the fuel with the petroleum products, remaining fertilizer plant, and though be give birth to can sulphur ammonia, the fertilizer plant of nitre ammonia, carbon ammonia, urea, all be to be raw material and fuel with the coal.General medium and small fertilizer plant, two coal consumptions of producing ammonia per ton, (steam coal and Gas-making Furnace coal) on average all more than two and half, the cinder of Gas-making Furnace is the cinder of lump coal.Cinder, the quantity of coal ash is not little for number, and cinder is the main industry of China " waste residue ", and discarded useless, quantity is a lot, and throughout the country, it is very wide to distribute, cinder stacking place, floor space is a lot, and local environment is all had in various degree pollution.
China's artificial petroleum industry though output is few, concentrates on Fushun, ground such as Maoming.And produce artificial petroleum per ton, and need to drop into the resinous shale of gas retort, 70 to 80 tons more than; And the quantity of the oil shale waste of being discharged by gas retort is 80 to 90 more than percent of input amount.Do not talk the pollution of " waste gas " and " waste water " of producing artificial petroleum for the time being.And produce the characteristics of making oil is that produce oil is few, and waste residue is many.Oil shale waste is thrown aside uselessly over the years, and pile up like a mountain, and to the pollution of local environment, be than stack cinder, coal ash is even more serious.
With cinder or oil shale residues is main raw material, produce hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement, be effectively to utilize industrial residue, turn harm into good, turn waste into wealth comprehensive utilization, one of great environment-friendly engineering project of comprehensive regulation industry " three wastes ", be to fill part to utilize industrial residue, and the effective ways of distinct economic are arranged.
Greatly before 11,12 years, when the applicant was engaged in the efforts at environmental protection of petrochemical complex aspect, Guangdong Province at that time, once visiting a local small small towns, commune and brigade run enterprise in the gaozhou,guangdong county, is with after the cinder fragmentation, with an amount of cement mixing, it is mixed to add an amount of water, using the die stamping moulding, produce breeze block, is the clinker brick of common shape, its Dimensions and quality are all good, do not seem yet so far unfortunately and apply.
More than ten years have gone over, and are careless to this, and as of late, just Ou Ran thinking is got up, and remember clearly, just research and development in addition.This patent hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement is to be subjected to this useful inspiration, could be born.Though this patent is slight innovation and creation, its meaning, effect, purposes and economic benefit are but very big.Be comprehensive utilization, comprehensive regulation industrial residue finds a way out.
Open Economy Growth since Reform, China's urban and rural economies are built fast development, the house in town and country, Highrise buildings, the construction of high-rise commodity apartment, particularly remarkable.The expense of common brick is very big, constantly increases.Hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement is the good surrogate of common brick, and than profile specification 240 * 120 * 60 standard common brick, have more advantage and characteristics, the profile specification of the cinder of this patent, hollow concrete block is 240 * 120 * 180, is to be equivalent to three volumes that the standard common brick is superimposed.And its weight light half have manyly, be a kind of novel material of construction, building brick can build 240,180 by laying bricks or stones, the brick wall of 120 3 kinds of gauge thickness.Whenever build a hollow brick by laying bricks or stones, be equivalent to build three blocks of standard common bricks, quick construction, and the consumption of building mortar only is to build 1/2nd of standard brick wall consumption by laying bricks or stones, or more still less, energy material saving, the cost cost of reduction masonry.
Because this novel hollow brick is a light building material, so be suitable for the usefulness that the exterior wall of the buildings of the Highrise buildings of skeleton construction, high-rise commodity apartment reaches interior walling especially.The same low-rise building that also is applicable to three several layers, as with horizontal wall load-bearing, the exterior wall of the mixed structure of beam and slab structure building and in the usefulness of walling.
Cinder itself be a kind of material of bad heat conduction, and the space of hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement internal structure is the wind box of a stopping property.The performance of this hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement sound insulation, heat insulation, winter protection is given in the combination of this structure formation.These performances are that the standard common brick is incomparable.Use the buildings of this novel hollow brick masonry,,, all have the performance and the effect of sound insulation, heat insulation, thermal insulation no matter be south or northern no matter be Highrise buildings and low-rise building.Be suitable for especially as the interior exterior wall of refrigerator chamber and the material of construction that terrace is paved.
Hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement possesses above premium properties, and inevitable can generally apply the use of most replacement standard common brick.Be comprehensive utilization, comprehensive regulation industry " waste residue " cinder, oil shale residues has split fine prospect.
Illustrate:
Hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement is to utilize cinder to be main raw material, can also utilize oil shale residues, perhaps mix with the cinder of proper amt with oil shale residues, be broken for main raw material, with an amount of cement and the unslaked lime of a small amount of be less important raw material, three kinds of raw materials, siccative mixes, and adds the proper amount of clear water spray and mixes, and water consumption is wanted strict control, make compound be loose shape, feel otherwise feel to have sticky just helps using die stamping, the compression moulding and the demoulding.
Accompanying drawing 1. is hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement constitutional diagrams, and accompanying drawing 5. is its axonometric projection graphs, and accompanying drawing 4. is sectional views of hollow brick, Fig. 2. be Partial-hollow brick housing figure, and Fig. 3. be lattice stiffening plate figure in the hollow brick.
Hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement is by lattice stiffening plate in two Partial-hollow brick housings shown in Figure 2 and the hollow brick shown in Figure 3, consists of a lump coal slag cement hollow brick with the neat slurry coat binding.Its manufacturing process and equipment are as follows:
1. press-moulding die: forming mould is made with steel.Needing to press Fig. 1 respectively with mould two covers. the figure of Partial-hollow brick shell figure and the size of mark manufacture and design.The Partial-hollow brick housing mould, one cover or two covers (owing to need just to be combined into a hollow brick with two of Partial-hollow brick housings, therefore select for use two molds more reasonable) manufacture and design the shaping mould tool, must consider the smooth finish of die surface, and the bat housing of presswork is easy to the demoulding.The mould of lattice stiffening plate should be according to Fig. 3 in the another set of hollow brick. the size design manufacturing of the figure of lattice stiffening plate figure and mark thereof in the hollow brick.
2. compression moulding machinery: can select punch press or friction-type screw press for use.Forming mould is mounted on the compression moulding machinery.
3. main raw material crushing mechanism and technology: main raw material, lump coal cinder or oil shale residues.Use double drum crusher, (for example selecting for use twin-roll to practice the glue machine) grating, the spacing of twin-roll (gap), transfer to 2～3mm, and two kinds of gaps of 3～4mm, make the pellet after the grating that big thin branch be arranged, (intermingling makes the voidage of grating compound reduce minimizing, to save the consumption of cement).As use pulverized coal dregs, after sieving, the Coarse Aggregate that excludes can drop into double drum crusher again, uses after the grating.As being main raw material with oil shale residues, can be suitable mix as admixtion with cinder about 30～40% used.
4. less important raw material, the consumption of cement and calcium lime powder:
Cement consumption can be with reference to building operation, and the sand-cement slurry in the quota of budget is made the cement consumption quota of 40～No. 50 sand-cement slurry of part.
The consumption of calcium lime powder can be with reference to building operation, and the mixed mortar in the quota of budget is made the lime consumption quota of the #40 mixed mortar of part, suitable increase and decrease.
The consumption of cement set forth above and lime should after 28 days, be made the testing of materials with the finished product maintenance of the hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement of first batch of trial-production, pressure testing, after determining the label of finished bricks, according to the requirement of label of the brick that manufactures a finished product, row is suitably adjusted the consumption of increase and decrease cement and unslaked lime more again.
Use unslaked lime as accessory cooperation raw material, be to make work in-process hollow brick housing and middle lattice stiffening plate be easy to the compression moulding and the demoulding, and make the finished bricks masonry absorb carbon dioxide in air CO
2, be transformed into the mixture of lime carbonate gradually, make hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement along with the time, it is anti-firmer to heal.
5. the raw material mixing machinery reaches mixed technology:
The main mixing that reaches less important raw material, mixed machinery, it is comparatively suitable to select for use 200 liter concrete to do the machine of mixing.After the cinder grating, the dry granular material, Coarse Aggregate 3～4mm, about 60%, fine granules 2～3mm, about 40%, the grating input, less important raw material, cement and unslaked lime do the machine of mixing by the consumption input.After siccative does and mixes evenly, strict control water consumption, the plus bucket that is done the machine of mixing by concrete injects slowly, and the limit is done and is mixed marginal not water, mix evenly to doing, do wet moderately, do and mix miscellany and want feel loose, do not feel sticky, get final product discharging, deliver to punching press, the compression moulding operation is used.
6. punching press, the compression moulding operation:
Press-moulding die is mounted in punch press, or on the friction-type screw press, will mix material and be positioned in the mould, and impact briquetting after the demoulding, is work in-process.Lattice stiffening plate in Partial-hollow brick housing and the hollow brick.
With manually with work in-process, two Partial-hollow brick housings, with the adhesive face of lattice stiffening plate in the hollow brick, behind hairbrush coating neat slurry, with artificial bonding compacting, knock gently with mallet, bonding firmly after, be the finished product hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement, quiet placement two hours, wait after the grout initial set, be transferred to the stacking field and stack maintenance.
The punching press of hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement, the technology of compression moulding, the technology of making the parched rice cake with some country residentses in Guangdong Province is quite similar.The manufacture craft of parched rice cake is parched rice flour to be starched with an amount of brown sugar mix, and does and mixes, and is mixed.Moderate to humidity, feel is loose, does not feel sticky, then biscuit is placed on wooden cake mould, and compacting is knocked moulding with mallet, knocks the demoulding with mallet again, is parched rice cake finished product, and the manufacture craft process of parched rice cake is the moulding process of physical phenomenon.
The compression moulding of hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement also is the moulding process of physical phenomenon, but from material, and cinder, cement, lime add water and does and mix mixed process and begin, and have been the processes that produces chemical transformation.Cement, concrete hydrated theory, and hardening process are suitable complexity, but compression moulding is a very important problem for the water content control of material.Mix in theory and do the water consumption of mixing material, only need satisfy the required water consumption of moistening and cement, lime hydration of cinder pellet or oil shale waste pellet.Water consumption is too much or very few, all is unfavorable for the half-finished compression moulding and the demoulding.Therefore strict control is done and mixed mixed water consumption is the important process and the means of producing hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement.
7. finished product is stacked and maintenance:
Hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement is novel light building material, also is a kind of novel concrete goods, for prevent finished product too early because of evaporation loses moisture content, shrink in advance, the crack occurs and be unfavorable for the growth of product intensity, also must maintenance.Because this finished product is to be worth not highly, quantity is very big, also is not suitable for adopting the steam maintenance, and increases its production cost.Can adopt air storage, water spray, covering curing.The terrace of open storage should adopt concrete floor to be advisable.Finished product is transported to the stockyard by the compression moulding operation and stacks stacking.Fragment of brick stacks and will leave suitable space, is beneficial to pile up intravital airiness.Stack to suitable height, is connected with running water pipe with water hose one end, the other end uses cock to connect with fluffy formula showerhead even, spray uniformly with tap water, the body water content that stacks of hollow brick is reached capacity, and make concrete floor have ponding in a small amount, use woven plastics cloth then, it is topped to account for cloth, comprise that the surrounding that stacks body to the terrace face, presses with fragment of brick, with prevent to pile hollow brick in the body moisture content evaporate rapidly, and make the intravital relative air humidity of heap, remain on about 90%.About maintenance four days, again cloth is removed, made the hollow brick spontaneous evaporation that stacks body, reduce moisture content.Stacked front and back totally seven days, and promptly can be used as finished product and dispatch from the factory.Be sold to by dispatching from the factory when using as material of construction, be through after a while, at this moment hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement has possessed cement products R28 days intensity.
8. build the supplementary notes of use by laying bricks or stones.
Hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement can not be cut out with the brick cutter, is chopped to arbitrary dimension and uses.Because after cutting out with the brick cutter, promptly become waste material, can not use.Therefore the brick wall masonry length and the height of building by laying bricks or stones, as do not meet the specification 240 * 120 * 180 of hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement, when reaching the common multiple (integer) of mortar joint gap size, the size that is a brick of every skin brick structures length terminal is less than a lump coal slag cement hollow brick, then this part brick can only be used the standard common brick, be chopped to necessary size with the brick cutter, build filling by laying bricks or stones with mortar, if the height of masonry is by the building, ground is risen and is built at the bottom of the beam, or soffit, the height of last skin brick at masonry top, less than the height of the specification of hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement, then this skin brick also can only go to build by laying bricks or stones with the standard common brick.
Feature:
1. this patent hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement is to utilize industrial residue, cinder, oil shale residues to be main raw material, is less important raw material with cement, lime, manufactures hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement.Product is of many uses, the novel light material of construction that expense is a lot.Production cost is low, and the economic benefit height is the effective comprehensive regulation, one of great environment-friendly engineering project of comprehensive utilization " three wastes ".
2. the product hollow brick of this patent is novel light building material, and building brick has sound insulation, and is heat insulation, insulation, and the excellent properties of winter protection is suitable for the use of high-rise especially, quick construction, the building mortar consumption is few.
3. the product of this patent is that the comprehensive utilization industrial residue is a main raw material, and there is no " three wastes " discharging in the technological process of manufacturing hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement, thereby can not produce pollution to environment.
4. China's cement output is very big, and the output of shaft kiln cement surpasses half in the cement products, and in the product of shaft kiln cement, cement of low index quantity is not little.But cement of low index is used for the manufacturing of hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement, not great influence, and only consumption is more a little, therefore, the production of hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement and the production of Cement industry are depended on each other for existence, and promote mutually, play complementary eucyclic effect.
The derived varieties of hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement, mixing prod: cinder pyrite slag hollow concrete block.
The vitriol works of China and the gas washing in SA production of phosphate fertilizer plant, majority all are to be raw material with the sulfurous iron ore, the pyrite slag of being discharged by the fluidizing furnace of burning sulfurous iron ore, basically be the sulfurous iron ore of ferric oxide and a small amount of incomplete combustion, and adsorbing some residual sulfur dioxide gas, these pyrite slags can not be as the raw material of smelting the pig iron because of the sulphur content height, throw aside useless, the over the years stacking, quantity constantly increases, after chance drenches with rain, the time have sour water to flow out, contaminate environment.Therefore, pyrite slag also is in need of immediate treatment, the important topic of the environment-friendly engineering of administering and fully utilizing.
The manufacturing of cinder, pyrite slag, hollow concrete block is the effective way of comprehensive utilization pyrite slag.Its production technique is as follows:
Pyrite slag is deposited in the concrete of acid-proof, and the terrace of the suitable gradient is arranged, the water spray, the washing remaining sulfurous gas of absorption that clears away slag, the waste water after the spray washing is the acid waste water that contains sulfurous acid, along the slope current of terrace to the ditch, afflux is to acid waste water treating pond, neutralizing treatment.
Pyrite slag after the spray washing is the pyrite slag of ferric oxide and a small amount of incomplete combustion basically.After sieving, after the grating of isolated Coarse Aggregate usefulness twin-roll crusher, be deposited in together, as the raw material of brickmaking.
Pyrite slag is not suitable for independent main raw material as the system hollow brick, should arrange in pairs or groups with cinder, mixes and uses.Cinder (thickness pellet by above-mentioned grating) is about 60%, with about 40% mix and match of pyrite slag as the main mixing raw material of manufacturing cinder, pyrite slag hollow concrete block, deliver to main raw material and less important raw material and mix, mixed operation.
The manufacturing process of cinder, pyrite slag, hollow concrete block, the mixed cement of compound and the consumption of lime, and add water and do and mix mixed operation, and compression moulding, being bonded into whole manufacture craft processes of the maintenance of whole hollow brick operation and finished product, is identical with the technological process of manufacturing hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement.
Pyrite slag with clear water spray, contains acid waste water after the washing, and by the omnibus bar ditch, drainage is to purification tank for liquid waste, use chemical method, use the unslaked lime neutralizing treatment, become middle wastewater, to pH value be 7-8, slightly become slight alkalinity, leave standstill clarification, reach emission standard after, harmless emission.
As the lime of neutralizing acid wastewater, with the throw out of the calcium hydroxide that generates calcium sulfite and trace behind the waste water reaction, after the filtration waste residue of cake shape, there is not the material of secondary pollution, need not to discard, can be used.With the dilution of an amount of clear water, doing becomes lactous liquid after mixing, and delivers to add water and mix, and mixed doing mixed operation, delivers to the plus bucket that does the machine of mixing, and as the liquid that adulterant is arranged, replaces clear water, mixes and does the water of mixing as adding water.Handle like this, for finished bricks, cinder, pyrite slag, hollow concrete block do not produce bad role and influence.And the waste residue of treatment of acidic wastewater, using as adulterant is rational arrangement, and has been fully utilized.
The hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement of this patent and derived product thereof have three kinds:
1. hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement
2. oil shale waste, hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement
3. cinder, pyrite slag, hollow concrete block
The hollow brick of three kinds all is the comprehensive regulation, and the comprehensive utilization industrial residue is the New Building Materials of main raw material, is the comprehensive regulation that distinct economic is arranged, the environment-friendly engineering project of comprehensive utilization, and can make contributions for town and country construction.
The figure number of Figure of description, the map title and legend table
Claims (3)
1, a kind of novel light material of construction: hollow brick is to utilize cinder to be main raw material, and cement, lime are less important raw material, manufactures hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement.It is characterized in that utilizing industrial residue, make a kind of material of construction of novel light, and have sound insulation, heat insulation, the excellent properties of winter protection.
2, as the described hollow brick of claim one, be with two work in-process, hollow brick housing and another piece work in-process, lattice stiffening plate in the hollow brick; Be coated with its adhesive face with manually sweeping neat slurry, be bonded as the hollow brick of a monoblock hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement series.
3, as the described hollow brick of claim one, can be respectively with three kinds of industrial residues: cinder, oil shale residues, pyrite slag is a main raw material, manufacture hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement respectively, the oil shale waste hollow concrete block, three kinds of hollow bricks that utilize industrial residue series of pyrite slag hollow concrete block.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 92104144 CN1073930A (en) | 1992-05-24 | 1992-05-24 | Hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 92104144 CN1073930A (en) | 1992-05-24 | 1992-05-24 | Hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1073930A true CN1073930A (en) | 1993-07-07 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 92104144 Pending CN1073930A (en) | 1992-05-24 | 1992-05-24 | Hollow brick made of coal cinder and cement |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1039638C (en) * | 1993-12-04 | 1998-09-02 | 郑伟明 | Portland cement containing sulphur-slag and its production |
| CN1121993C (en) * | 2000-09-12 | 2003-09-24 | 上虞东方彩瓦有限公司 | Concrete tile for roof and its production technology |
| CN102102418A (en) * | 2009-12-17 | 2011-06-22 | 穆建春 | Steaming/firing-free wall brick prepared from oil shale waste and preparation method thereof |
| CN102173698A (en) * | 2011-02-25 | 2011-09-07 | 抚顺矿业集团有限责任公司 | Autoclaved brick made from oil shale waste and preparation method thereof |
| CN102493589A (en) * | 2011-12-12 | 2012-06-13 | 李春福 | Lattice hollow light building block and processing technology thereof |
| CN104891896A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-09-09 | 蚌埠营军新型墙体材料有限公司 | Mixed type environment-friendly durable non-burnt hollow brick and preparation method thereof |
| CN107082615A (en) * | 2017-05-06 | 2017-08-22 | 安徽绿风环保节能材料有限公司 | A kind of purifying formaldehyde wall body brick |
| CN109251057A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-01-22 | 魏林涛 | A kind of maintenance process of slag baking-free water-permeable brick |
-
1992
- 1992-05-24 CN CN 92104144 patent/CN1073930A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1039638C (en) * | 1993-12-04 | 1998-09-02 | 郑伟明 | Portland cement containing sulphur-slag and its production |
| CN1121993C (en) * | 2000-09-12 | 2003-09-24 | 上虞东方彩瓦有限公司 | Concrete tile for roof and its production technology |
| CN102102418A (en) * | 2009-12-17 | 2011-06-22 | 穆建春 | Steaming/firing-free wall brick prepared from oil shale waste and preparation method thereof |
| CN102173698A (en) * | 2011-02-25 | 2011-09-07 | 抚顺矿业集团有限责任公司 | Autoclaved brick made from oil shale waste and preparation method thereof |
| CN102493589A (en) * | 2011-12-12 | 2012-06-13 | 李春福 | Lattice hollow light building block and processing technology thereof |
| CN104891896A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-09-09 | 蚌埠营军新型墙体材料有限公司 | Mixed type environment-friendly durable non-burnt hollow brick and preparation method thereof |
| CN107082615A (en) * | 2017-05-06 | 2017-08-22 | 安徽绿风环保节能材料有限公司 | A kind of purifying formaldehyde wall body brick |
| CN109251057A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-01-22 | 魏林涛 | A kind of maintenance process of slag baking-free water-permeable brick |
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