CN107391779B - A kind of blank shape design method of die forging crankshaft of diesel engine - Google Patents
A kind of blank shape design method of die forging crankshaft of diesel engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN107391779B CN107391779B CN201610327348.0A CN201610327348A CN107391779B CN 107391779 B CN107391779 B CN 107391779B CN 201610327348 A CN201610327348 A CN 201610327348A CN 107391779 B CN107391779 B CN 107391779B
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- crankshaft
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- arc
- diesel engine
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/17—Mechanical parametric or variational design
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of forging, specifically a kind of blank shape design method of die forging crankshaft of diesel engine, the die-forging forming process suitable for certain crankshaft of diesel engine.The blank cross sectional shape of die forging crankshaft of diesel engine is using two circular arcs and two rectilinear(-al)s two to arc-shaped, its specific design method is as follows: the first step, one or more crank throw for selecting crankshaft forging materials most is as analysis object, according to the diameter of the equal theory deduction bar of volume, blank area of section is calculated；Second step, it is equal for principle with area of section, determine suitable width and height ratio, the two of one high narrow of design are to arc-shaped blank section；The high higher direction of narrow blank is placed along die forging deformation direction and carries out die forging by third step.The present invention can be improved the utilization rate of material, save production cost, can solve that the difficult problem of the polymorphic structure filling of crankshaft forging etc., especially materials are more, the biggish balance weight part of depth-width ratio.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the field of forging, specifically a kind of blank shape design method of die forging crankshaft of diesel engine, it
Suitable for the die-forging forming process of certain crankshaft of diesel engine, stock utilization can be improved, reduce production cost.
Background technique
Crankshaft should absorb impact load, again as working part important in engine in the operating to move in circles
Very big torque is transmitted, therefore has higher requirement to performance indicators such as the fatigues, intensity, dynamic balancing of crankshaft, how to be led to
The forming technology for crossing improvement crankshaft guarantees that its good mechanical performance becomes more important.Compared with casting crankshaft, crankshaft forging
Be conducive to the work noise for reducing engine and vibration, wearability increase, is more suitable for the big engine power of automobile, low friction
The development of the features such as loss.The shape and structure of crankshaft are more complicated, and the transition change in each section is very big, are auto parts and components
In most complicated one of forging, it is difficult to ensure that accurate processing.The balance weight part of crankshaft is not only high but also thin, metal flow distance compared with
It is long, while biggish depth-width ratio declines interior metal temperature quickly, plasticity reduces, and belongs to the part for being most difficult to fill type.Mesh
The balance weight part of preceding many crankshaft forgings does not have following process, is directly shaped by die forging, and which results in processing to produce
Raw overlap surplus is larger, and stock utilization is low.Therefore, according to crankshaft each section materials how much, material crankshaft is carried out accurate
Sub-material can effectively reduce overlap, improve stock utilization, while optimizing to the key structure part of mold,
It is also beneficial to the forming of crankshaft and the raising of forging quality.With the continuous development of computer technology and numerical simulation technology, people
More and more by computer simulation bulk forming process process, the cost of production not only can be reduced, reduce examination
The loss of material is tested, design efficiency can also be greatlyd improve, shortens the period of research and development.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of blank shape design methods of die forging crankshaft of diesel engine, to solve crankshaft forging
The difficult problem of the polymorphic structure filling of part etc., especially materials be more, the biggish balance weight part of depth-width ratio.It is new using this
Blank shape, be conducive to reduce overlap, improve stock utilization.
The technical scheme is that
A kind of blank shape design method of die forging crankshaft of diesel engine, includes the following steps:
1) one or more crank throw for selecting crankshaft forging materials most is equal according to volume as analysis object
The diameter of theory deduction bar calculates blank area of section；
2) equal for principle with area of section, it determines the width and height ratio of blank, designs the two of high narrow to arc-shaped
Blank section, the cross sectional shape of material crankshaft are two circular arcs and two rectilinear(-al)s two to arc-shaped；
3) the high higher direction of narrow blank is placed along die forging deformation direction, material crankshaft along die forging direction up and down two
Face is arc surface, and the arc top of material crankshaft upper and lower surface is corresponding with upper and lower stamp forging mould respectively, and carries out die forging, so that it is more filled
Divide and fills type.
The blank shape design method of the die forging crankshaft of diesel engine is equal for each crank throw materials in step 1)
Or close to equal crankshaft forging, area of section remains unchanged blank in the axial direction；For each crank throw materials volume phase
The more crankshaft forging of difference, according to its crank throw materials volume number, by blank design at the not phase of area of section in the axial direction
Deng shape.
The blank shape design method of the die forging crankshaft of diesel engine, in step 2), two to arc-shaped blank height
Than optimal value in 0.7~0.95.
The blank shape design method of the die forging crankshaft of diesel engine, in step 2), two to arc-shaped blank width
It is necessarily less than the maximum height of blank.
The blank shape design method of the die forging crankshaft of diesel engine, after step 2), with finite element software into
The finite element modelling of row blank die-forging forming, according to analog result in right amount the modification sectional area of blank, width and height than parameter,
The die-forging forming process for repeating simulation blank, determines optimal two to circular shape with this.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
The invention proposes a kind of blank shape design method of die forging crankshaft of diesel engine, the blank designed using this method
Shape can greatly enhance the ability of the polymorphic structures such as blank filling balance weight, to have compared with original cylinder blank
Conducive to the overlap that die forging generates is reduced, stock utilization is improved.Before being put into production, it is simulated by using Finite Element Simulation Software
The forming process of blank modifies billet size and contour forging technique parameter, reduces test loss, shortens the design cycle.
Detailed description of the invention
The two of Fig. 1 material crankshaft section are to arc-shaped schematic diagram.Wherein, a is height (mm) between the arc bottom of upper and lower surface；
B is height (mm) between the arc top of upper and lower surface；W is the width (mm) of die forging material crankshaft.
Placement relation schematic diagram of the Fig. 2 two to arc-shaped material crankshaft and stamp forging mould.
Fig. 3 height of same size is than different two to arc-shaped material crankshaft schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
In the specific implementation process, the blank shape design method of die forging crankshaft of diesel engine of the present invention is as follows: the first step, choosing
One or more most crank throw of crankshaft forging materials is selected as analysis object, according to the equal theory deduction bar of volume
Diameter, calculate blank area of section；Second step, it is equal for principle with area of section, determine suitable width and height ratio, if
The two of a high narrow are counted to arc-shaped blank section；Third step, by the high higher direction of narrow blank along die forging deformation direction
It places and carries out die forging.The present invention can be improved the utilization rate of material, save production cost.
In the following, the present invention is described in further detail in conjunction with accompanying drawings and embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, the invention proposes a kind of new die forging material crankshaft cross sectional shape, above and below die forging material crankshaft
Two sides is cambered surface, and the cross sectional shape of material crankshaft is two circular arcs and two rectilinear(-al)s two to arc-shaped.As shown in Fig. 2,
The modes of emplacement of blank when die forging, two are placed between stamp forging mould up and down to arc-shaped material crankshaft, the arc top of upper and lower surface
It is corresponding with upper and lower stamp forging mould respectively, two to arc-shaped blank shape design method, include the following steps:
1) one or two crank throw for selecting crankshaft forging materials most is as analysis object, according to the equal theory of volume
Derive the diameter of bar:
V=π r2Lμ
In formula, V and L are respectively the volume (mm of this section of crank throw3) and length (mm)；μ is the material drafted when designing bar
The crank throw of utilization rate, general shape complexity is calculated by 0.8, is shaped easy crank throw and is calculated by 0.83~0.85；R is bar radius
(mm)。
To calculate blank area of section by bar radius.It is equal for each crank throw materials or close to equal song
Forging shaft, area of section remains unchanged blank in the axial direction, wherein referring to close to equal: between each crankshaft forging crank throw
Weight difference in 10% range；Except equal or close in addition to equal, more crankshaft is differed for each crank throw materials volume
Forging, according to the number of its crank throw materials volume, by blank design at the unequal shape of area of section in the axial direction.
2) as shown in Figure 1, it is equal for principle with area of section, it determines two to arc-shaped critical size: highly than β and width
W, wherein β=a/b, the highly optimal value range 0.7~0.95 than β, the best value of width w are 0.55b~0.85b.Choosing
Suitable width and height ratio are taken, is determined the two of high narrow to arc-shaped blank section.
3) as shown in Fig. 2, the higher direction of blank is placed on lower mold, blank along the vertical direction (i.e. die forging direction)
Upper and lower surface be cambered surface, and carry out die forging.
4) for more accurate design blank shape, the finite element mould of blank die-forging forming can be carried out with finite element software
Quasi-, the sectional area of modification blank, width and height compare parameter in right amount according to analog result.If the overlap of simulation is larger, reduce
Two to arc-shaped area；If the forging of finish-forging end simulation has part to be not filled by type chamber, consider:
A) increase the sectional area of two circular arcs in right amount；
B) sectional area still remains unchanged, and increases width, reduces between the upper and lower surface arc bottom of material crankshaft height a and up and down
Height b between the arc top of two sides；
C) sectional area still remains unchanged, and increases height than β value, obtains height of same size than different two to arc-shaped
(see Fig. 3).
The die-forging forming process for repeating simulation blank, determines optimal two to circular shape with this.
Embodiment
The present embodiment, which is applied, divides the die forging production scene of mould four-cylinder diesel engine crankshaft in the plane of certain factory's model.Blank material
Matter is 42CrMo steel, and forging weight 22.3kg, blank is using two to arc-shaped section, and die forging is heated to 1200 DEG C before processing, mould
Forging carries out on 6300 tons of press.It is shaped by blocking and finish-forging, forging is filled up completely type chamber, and forming is all right, and shapes
Maximum load is declined, and two are reduced to the more original circular blank volume of arc-shaped blank at this time, and two to arc-shaped
For height than being 0.782, width 72mm, stock utilization promotes 8.7%.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of blank shape design method of die forging crankshaft of diesel engine, which comprises the steps of:
1) one or more crank throw for selecting crankshaft forging materials most is as analysis object, according to the equal theory of volume
The diameter of bar is derived, blank area of section is calculated；
2) equal for principle with area of section, according to the resulting blank area of section is calculated in step 1), determine blank
Width and height ratio design the two of high narrow to arc-shaped blank section, and the cross sectional shape of material crankshaft is two circular arcs and two
The two of rectilinear(-al) are to arc-shaped, and two straight lines are arranged along blank short transverse, and two circular arcs are separately connected two
The both ends of straight line simultaneously outwardly protrude；Height ratio β=a/b of the blank；Wherein a is the length of the straight line, and b is the song
Maximum length of the axis blank in its short transverse；
3) the high higher direction of narrow blank is placed along die forging deformation direction, upper and lower surface of the material crankshaft along die forging direction is
The arc top of arc surface, material crankshaft upper and lower surface is corresponding with upper and lower stamp forging mould respectively, and carries out die forging, so that it is more sufficiently filled
Type.
2. the blank shape design method of die forging crankshaft of diesel engine described in accordance with the claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
1) equal for each crank throw materials or close to equal crankshaft forging in, area of section is kept not blank in the axial direction
Become；More crankshaft forging is differed for each crank throw materials volume, according to the number of its crank throw materials volume, by blank design
At the unequal shape of area of section in the axial direction.
3. the blank shape design method of die forging crankshaft of diesel engine described in accordance with the claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
2) in, two to arc-shaped blank height than optimal value in 0.7~0.95.
4. the blank shape design method of die forging crankshaft of diesel engine described in accordance with the claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
2) in, two are necessarily less than the maximum height of blank to the width of arc-shaped blank.
5. the blank shape design method of die forging crankshaft of diesel engine described in accordance with the claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
2) after, the finite element modelling of blank die-forging forming is carried out with finite element software, modifies blank in right amount according to analog result
Sectional area, width and height than parameter, repeat the die-forging forming process for simulating blank, determine optimal two to arc-shaped with this
Shape.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610327348.0A CN107391779B (en) | 2016-05-17 | 2016-05-17 | A kind of blank shape design method of die forging crankshaft of diesel engine |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610327348.0A CN107391779B (en) | 2016-05-17 | 2016-05-17 | A kind of blank shape design method of die forging crankshaft of diesel engine |
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| CN107391779B true CN107391779B (en) | 2019-08-06 |
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| CN109622844A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-04-16 | 昆山惠众机电有限公司 | A kind of forging technology of the pump housing for vent gas treatment |
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| CN100560246C (en) * | 2007-10-19 | 2009-11-18 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Universal combined crankshaft used for large boat crank throw curved forging counterdie and method for designing |
| CN102332037B (en) * | 2010-07-15 | 2013-05-01 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Blade body sectional surface design method for die forging blade |
| IN2015DN01595A (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2015-07-03 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corp | |
| CN104493030B (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2016-07-06 | 鞍钢重型机械有限责任公司 | A kind of forging method of crank throw forging |
| CN104636557A (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2015-05-20 | 上海艾苡信息科技有限公司 | Method for conducting analog simulation on crank die forging process through computer aided engineering (CAE) |
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