CN107376159B - Use method of hollow metal ball for auxiliary fire extinguishing of full-liquid-level fire of storage tank - Google Patents
Use method of hollow metal ball for auxiliary fire extinguishing of full-liquid-level fire of storage tank Download PDFInfo
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- CN107376159B CN107376159B CN201710607259.6A CN201710607259A CN107376159B CN 107376159 B CN107376159 B CN 107376159B CN 201710607259 A CN201710607259 A CN 201710607259A CN 107376159 B CN107376159 B CN 107376159B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/06—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places of highly inflammable material, e.g. light metals, petroleum products
- A62C3/065—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places of highly inflammable material, e.g. light metals, petroleum products for containers filled with inflammable liquids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
- A62C31/02—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing
- A62C31/12—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing for delivering foam or atomised foam
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Abstract
The invention discloses a using method of a hollow metal ball for auxiliary fire extinguishing of a full-liquid-level fire disaster of a storage tank. Selecting the size and thickness of the hollow metal ball according to the metal yield strength, the metal density and the liquid fuel density; when the metal ball is used for extinguishing fire, the outer diameter, the wall thickness, the yield strength, the layer number and the density of the metal material of the metal ball are selected, and the selected parameters meet the relational expression given by the invention. The invention can greatly inhibit the flame of the liquid pool fire without using any fire extinguishing agent. The flame of the fire disaster is reduced, so that the combustion radiation is reduced, the risk of igniting other combustible substances is reduced, the foam loss rate of the foam extinguishing agent is reduced, and the full-liquid-level fire of the storage tank is extinguished by the aid of the foam extinguishing agent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fire-fighting apparatus, in particular to a using method of a hollow metal ball for auxiliary fire extinguishing of a full-liquid-level fire of a storage tank.
Background
For the full liquid level fire disaster of the oil tank, the existing rescue means generally uses a foam extinguishing agent to extinguish. According to the foam expansion, the foam can be divided into low expansion foam, medium expansion foam and high expansion foamFoams and the like; depending on the fire-fighting substance type, a solvent-resistant foam or a normal foam, etc. may be selected. However, in a full-surface fire in a large tank, the loss of foam is very severe[1]. According to some experts, in a fire in a large tank, only about 30% of the foam reaches the burning liquid level, about 61% of the foam breaks down and loses its effect in a strong fire, and about 9% of the foam evaporates directly and disappears[2]. Thus, for large liquid fires, it is likely that the foam will not extinguish the fire. I.e. foam entering the liquid surface, the consumption rate is greater than or equal to the supply rate, and the flame is continuously burnt.
Some experts foam by using heptafluoropropane instead of air due to the difficulty of extinguishing large tank fires[3]. The generated foam contains heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing agent, and the fire extinguishing effect of the foam is enhanced. However, this approach has the following disadvantages: the demand for heptafluoropropane is huge, and a heptafluoropropane storage tank bank needs to be specially arranged; the price of the heptafluoropropane is not good, and the manufacturing cost is too high.
Disclosure of Invention
The problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: at present, foam fire extinguishing is used as a main fire extinguishing way for full liquid level fire of a large storage tank. However, when the tank area is large, the loss rate of foam in a raging fire is severe, resulting in the following consequences: in a large storage tank fire, the foam is difficult to cover the liquid level, and the full-liquid-level fire of the storage tank is difficult to extinguish. In view of the state of the prior art and the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a using method of a hollow metal ball for auxiliary fire extinguishing of a full-liquid-level fire of a storage tank.
The invention provides an auxiliary fire extinguishing metal ball. When a fire breaks out in a storage tank, a liquid pool and the like, if the liquid level is lower than an external plane (such as the liquid in the storage tank, the liquid level is lower than the edge of the storage tank), the metal ball is poured into the liquid pool by means of throwing, conveying and the like, so that flame suppression is realized. When the flame is suppressed to be small, it can be completely extinguished by using a general foam gun, a foam gun, or the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a use method for a hollow metal ball used for auxiliary fire extinguishing of a full liquid level fire of a storage tank is characterized in that the size and the thickness of the hollow metal ball are selected according to the metal yield strength, the metal density and the liquid fuel density; when the metal ball is used for extinguishing fire, the outer diameter, the wall thickness, the yield strength, the number of layers and the density of the selected metal material satisfy the following relational expressions (1) and (2):
in the formula: -the wall thickness of the metal ball, in mm;
d is the outer diameter of the metal ball in mm;
P0-atmospheric pressure, taking 0.1 MPa;
fythe metal ball is made of metal material with yield strength at normal temperature in MPa.
In the formula: d is the outer diameter of the metal ball in mm;
-the wall thickness of the metal ball, in mm;
ρball with ball-shaped section-the density of the metal material selected for the metal ball, in kg/m3；
n is the number of layers of the metal balls, and n is more than or equal to 2;
ρfuelDensity of liquid fire-fighting Fuel in kg/m3。
The metal ball is hollow, and the outer diameter of the metal ball is more than or equal to 5cm and less than or equal to 1.5 m; the wall thickness of the metal ball is more than or equal to 0.3mm and less than or equal to 7 mm.
The metal ball of the invention selects the yield strength f at normal temperatureyIs made of stainless steel with pressure not less than 200 MPa.
The invention uses a hollow metal ball to inhibit flame in liquid fire in advance, so that the flame of full-liquid-surface fire is greatly reduced, and then other fire extinguishing agents such as foam are used to extinguish the fire.
The hollow metal ball is mainly involved in the following 3 mechanisms for flame suppression:
(1) reducing the surface area of combustible liquid that can effectively produce flame
The hollow metal ball has low density and can float on gasoline and alcohol. Under the self weight of the single-layer hollow metal ball or the pressure of the multi-layer hollow metal ball, the ball body floating on the liquid surface partially sinks, so that the interface of the ball body and the liquid surface is occupied by the metal ball. The liquid combustion flame is not the direct combustion of the liquid itself, but the combustion of combustible gas formed by the evaporation of the vapor formed on the surface of the liquid (at high temperature). And when the surface of the liquid part is occupied by the metal ball, the effective liquid surface area of the combustible gas capable of being volatilized is reduced. Thereby reducing combustible gas to a certain extent and reducing flame height to a certain extent.
As shown in fig. 1, for a square reservoir, the white circle represents the lowermost sphere and level cross-section, and is the occupied liquid surface area, with the remaining shaded area being the exposed surface of the combustible liquid. To occupy the maximum possible surface area of the liquid, the hollow metal spheres require half of the spheres to float above the liquid surface and half to sink below the liquid surface. When the hollow metal ball is designed and used, the relation (2) is satisfied, and
the metal ball can be made to reach the optimal liquid surface occupation condition. Fig. 1 shows the ideal situation of the occupation of the liquid surface area by the metal ball. In practical conditions, the metal ball is not perfect, but also plays a role in occupying the liquid level of combustible liquid and reducing the effective volatile gas area.
(2) Enhanced heat dissipation
If the liquid surface is provided with a plurality of layers of hollow metal balls, the heat generated by flame can be quickly conducted to the surfaces of a plurality of metal balls due to high heat conduction efficiency of metal, so that the function of quickly dissipating heat can be achieved, and when a large number of cool metal balls enter the flame, the fire can be quickly seen to drop.
If the metal ball is in the flame for a long time and the temperature is high, the metal ball can also play a role in reducing heat acting on the liquid surface, and the metal ball is mainly considered from the following three aspects:
(3) resisting the transfer of heat
The barrier of the metal balls to heat transfer is considered from three aspects:
(a) conduction
When no metal ball floats on the liquid surface, the hot air rises to the high altitude from the upper part of the flame, and then negative pressure is formed immediately around the flame on the liquid surface, so that fresh air on the periphery flows to a combustion area immediately, and continuous and efficient supplement of the air to combustion is formed. However, after the multilayer metal balls are used, the surrounding fresh air can reach the positions near the liquid level and between the metal ball layers only through layer-by-layer obstruction, so that the flame close to the positions between the metal ball layers is automatically weakened or even extinguished, and the main flame can only be burnt on the upper layers of the hollow metal balls, and is far away from the liquid level, as shown in fig. 2. Thus, the flame and the lower combustible liquid level are separated by the hollow metal ball and air. Air is a poor conductor, although the metal ball is a good heat conductor, the contact area between the upper layer ball and the lower layer ball is small, if only the conduction is considered, the heat of the upper layer ball can be conducted to the lower layer ball only through a small contact point, and the heat conduction efficiency is greatly limited. Without the hollow metal ball barrier, the bottom end of the flame would be very close to the liquid surface of the flammable liquid, although air is a poor conductor of heat, but due to the close distance, the upper flame would still conduct a large amount of heat to the liquid surface below.
(b) Convection current
Natural convection refers to the rising of hot gases to transfer heat higher up, while in the case of liquid level combustion, the liquid level is below the gas. So the natural convection effect is not obvious no matter whether the metal ball is used or not. In a fire, the heat flow accelerates the irregular flow of gas, which can also initiate heat transfer. However, the shielding of the multilayer metal balls can impair this gas flow and thus impair this manner of heat transfer.
(c) Radiation of radiation
Without the barrier of the multilayer metal spheres, the flame base would be very close to the surface of the combustible liquid, and the heat radiation would proceed almost unhindered. The use of several layers of metal balls to block the flame from the liquid surface greatly reduces the direct radiation of the flame to the liquid surface.
(4) Consumption of free radicals
The flame formed by the combustion of a liquid is essentially a gas combustion, and the essence of a gas combustion is a free radical reaction. The free radicals in the flame, such as H, OH, O, etc., are the chains of the flame. When these radicals come into contact with the metal surface, they are easily adsorbed and disappear, resulting in the interruption of the combustion chain.
(5) Coupling action
The rapid volatilization of the combustible liquid provides conditions for the continuous operation of the big flame, and the existence of the big flame improves the liquid volatilization efficiency of the combustible liquid, and the two support each other, so that the big flame continuously exists before the fuel is used up.
But because of the inhibiting effect of the hollow metal ball, the flame above the metal ball becomes smaller, and the volatilization rate of the liquid below the reduced flame becomes slower, so that the supply rate of the combustible is reduced; a smaller combustible feed rate will result in a smaller flame, and thus a cycle to equilibrium will greatly reduce the last flame size at the liquid level.
The beneficial effects produced by the invention are as follows: after the metal ball is used, the following effects can be achieved:
1. the fire disaster of the full liquid surface fire such as a storage tank is greatly reduced, so that the foam demand is reduced when the foam is reused for fire extinguishing, the wave rate is reduced due to the reduction of the fire disaster, and the situation that the large full liquid surface fire disaster is extinguished is reduced.
2. The metal ball layer in the tank essentially acts as a bridge and provides a support for the attachment of the foam.
3. Water-soluble combustibles, should use relatively expensive anti-solvent foams. However, even if the ordinary non-solvent-resistant foam is used, the foam will not be rendered ineffective by dissolving in the combustible liquid due to the isolation of the metal ball layer, and the necessity of using expensive foam is eliminated.
4. The method does not relate to the use of any fire extinguishing agent, and is non-toxic and pollution-free.
Experiments prove that the hollow metal ball restrains flame to an extremely low height in the experiments. In this case, the use of the foam can greatly improve the efficiency of extinguishing a fire by the foam, and even a fire which is difficult to extinguish can be easily extinguished. The invention does not add any fire extinguishing agent and does not produce secondary pollution.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows: the fire extinguishing agent can greatly inhibit the flame of the liquid pool fire, and does not use any extinguishing agent, thereby reducing the burning radiation and reducing the risk of igniting other combustible substances. The flame radiation is reduced, so that the use amount of the foam is greatly reduced, and the foam loss rate is also reduced. When the metal ball covers a plurality of layers on the liquid pool, the liquid level of the combustible liquid is blocked, and for some water-soluble combustible liquids, common foam can be used for extinguishing fire.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a metal ball occupying the surface area of a liquid with a cross section of the water surface;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison between the flame bottom and the liquid level of the combustible liquid after the metal ball is not put in and after the metal ball is put in.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
Example (b): (refer to FIGS. 1 and 2)
A square oil pan with the side length of 50cm × 50 and 50cm × 50cm is selected as an experimental oil pan, and the density of the oil pan is 720kg/m3The gasoline of (2) was used as fuel to generate a gasoline fire, the level of which was 30cm from the bottom of the oil pan.
304 stainless steel is selected as a metal material to manufacture the hollow metal ball. The yield strength of 304 stainless steel is 205 MPa. When the outer diameter of the metal ball is designed to be 10cm, the wall thickness of the hollow metal ball is calculated to be more than or equal to 0.48mm according to the relation (1), and the wall thickness is selected to be 0.5 mm.
Then according to the relation (2), calculating
The number of the metal ball layers n is 2, and the density of the 304 stainless steel is 7930kg/m3Then, then
The design can be found to meet the requirements of relation (2).
Since the design uses 2 layers of 10cm outer diameter metal balls to extinguish a fire, for a 50cm × 50cm oil pan, a total of 50 balls are required for each layer of 25 balls.
After ignition for 30 seconds, the flame height is about 170cm-190cm, after the stainless steel metal ball is added, the flame height is rapidly reduced and finally is stabilized to about 30cm-50cm for a long time (the flame height does not rise after 40 minutes and is finally extinguished by a fire extinguisher), and the flame only appears at the position along the side corner of the square oil pan, and most of the area in the middle of the oil pan is not flamed. From the temperature parameters reflected by the thermocouple, the temperature near the surface of the liquid dropped from about 95 ℃ to about 55 ℃ and the temperature at a height of 40cm above the surface of the liquid dropped from about 450 ℃ to about 150 ℃ after the addition of the metal ball. The addition of the metal balls greatly reduces the flame height, the liquid level and the temperature of the area above the oil pan.
Reference documents:
[1] guorhihuang, thatch small grazing oil tank fire and foam fire extinguishing technology are problems to be solved urgently [ J ] fire fighting technology and product information, 2008, (9):75-77.
[2]Xu Qingfp Lang，Quan Zhen Liu，Hong Gong.Study of Fire FightingSystem to Extinguish Full Surface Fire of Large Scale Floating Roof Tanks[J].Procedia Engineering,2011,11:189-195.
[3] Zhang Qinglin, Xukanghui, Mi Yi, etc. Heptafluoropropane gas foam fire extinguishing technical test research [ J ] fire science and technology, 2011,30(3): 217-.
Claims (1)
1. A use method for a hollow metal ball used for auxiliary fire extinguishing of a full liquid level fire of a storage tank is characterized in that the size and the thickness of the hollow metal ball are selected according to the metal yield strength, the metal density and the liquid fuel density; when the metal ball is used for extinguishing fire, the outer diameter, the wall thickness, the yield strength, the number of layers and the density of the selected metal material satisfy the following relational expressions (1) and (2):
in the formula: -the wall thickness of the metal ball, in mm;
d is the outer diameter of the metal ball in mm;
P0-atmospheric pressure, taking 0.1 MPa;
fythe yield strength of the metal ball at normal temperature is in MPa;
in the formula: d is the outer diameter of the metal ball in mm;
-the wall thickness of the metal ball, in mm;
ρball with ball-shaped section-the density of the metal material selected for the metal ball, in kg/m3；
n is the number of layers of the metal balls, and n is more than or equal to 2;
ρfuelDensity of liquid fire-fighting Fuel in kg/m3；
The metal ball is hollow, and the outer diameter of the metal ball is more than or equal to 5cm and less than or equal to 1.5 m; the wall thickness of the metal ball is more than or equal to 0.3mm and less than or equal to 7 mm;
the metal ball selects the yield strength f at normal temperatureyIs made of stainless steel with pressure not less than 200 MPa.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710607259.6A CN107376159B (en) | 2017-07-24 | 2017-07-24 | Use method of hollow metal ball for auxiliary fire extinguishing of full-liquid-level fire of storage tank |
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| CN201710607259.6A CN107376159B (en) | 2017-07-24 | 2017-07-24 | Use method of hollow metal ball for auxiliary fire extinguishing of full-liquid-level fire of storage tank |
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| CN107376159B true CN107376159B (en) | 2020-07-28 |
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| CN114949666B (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2023-04-07 | 林鹏程 | Oil tank fire extinguishing ball and linked vehicle |
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