CN107373629B - Tremella extract and extraction method and application thereof - Google Patents
Tremella extract and extraction method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L31/00—Edible extracts or preparations of fungi; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/06—Fungi, e.g. yeasts
- A61K36/07—Basidiomycota, e.g. Cryptococcus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/10—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
- A61K2236/13—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material involving cleaning, e.g. washing or peeling
Abstract
The invention discloses a tremella extract and an extraction method and application thereof, wherein the tremella extract is obtained by the following steps of selecting dry tremella without insect pests, crushing the dry tremella in a crusher, screening out oversize and undersize particles, drying, adding distilled water for soaking, and then changing water for washing until the soaked water is clear and transparent; putting the cleaned tremella into a heat-resistant filter bag, and fastening the opening of the bag; adding distilled water, and extracting with steam; and (4) after the pressure is reduced to zero and the temperature is reduced, separating by using high-mesh filter cloth, performing centrifugal separation by using a high-speed centrifuge, and taking the supernatant to obtain the product. The extraction method has the advantages of short extraction time, low energy consumption, high extraction rate, simple filtration method, high purity and the like, and can be widely popularized and applied in the fields of food, medicines, cosmetics and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of applied biology, and particularly relates to a tremella fuciformis extract and an extraction method and application thereof.
Background
Tremella, also called Tremella and Tremella, is known as the "crown of fungus". It is not only a rare nutrient tonic, but also a tonic for strengthening body resistance. The tremella is neutral and nontoxic, has the effects of tonifying spleen and promoting appetite, has the effects of benefiting qi and clearing intestines, and can also nourish yin and moisten lung. Tremella contains abundant nutrients, such as protein, fat, amino acids, minerals and glycogen. The tremella protein contains 17 amino acids, and 3/4 tremella among the amino acids necessary for human body can be provided. Tremella also contains various minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium, sodium, magnesium, sulfur, etc., wherein the contents of calcium and iron are high, and each hundred grams of Tremella contains 643 mg of calcium and 30.4 mg of iron. In addition, the tremella contains trehalose, pentosan, mannitol and other glycogen, has high nutritive value, has the function of strengthening body resistance and is a high-grade nourishing tonic.
Tremella has effects of strengthening essence, invigorating kidney, moisturizing intestine, benefiting stomach, invigorating qi, regulating blood, tonifying heart, strengthening body constitution, nourishing brain, refreshing, caring skin, and prolonging life. Can be used for treating cough due to lung heat, dry cough due to lung dryness, gastritis, and constipation. It can improve the detoxication ability of liver, protect liver function, enhance the immunity of body to tumor, and enhance the tolerance of tumor patients to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. It is also a good tonic medicine, is characterized by moistening but not greasy stagnation, has the functions of invigorating spleen and promoting appetite, supplementing qi and clearing intestine, promoting sleep and invigorating stomach, tonifying brain, nourishing yin and clearing heat, and moistening dryness, and is a good tonic for patients with yin deficiency and fire excess and not affected by the warm nourishing of ginseng antler and the like. Tremella is a weight-reducing food containing dietary fiber, and its dietary fiber can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis and reduce fat absorption.
Apart from being taken, studies have shown that: the functional polysaccharide in the tremella is mainly composed of alpha-mannan, has unique smooth skin feeling and high-efficiency moisture and skin care functions, and is known as 'plant hyaluronic acid'. The A-mannan molecule is rich in polar groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl and the like, can combine a large amount of water, and is interwoven into a net shape among molecules, so that the A-mannan has strong water-locking and moisture-keeping performances, and plays a role in high-efficiency moisture-keeping and skin-care. Tremella contains abundant proteins, vitamins, etc., and has natural colloid, and has effects of moistening skin, resisting aging, removing wrinkle, and tightening skin, and removing chloasma and freckle.
Therefore, the value of tremella is very high whether the tremella is taken orally or used externally, in recent years, products using tremella extract as cosmetic raw materials are more and more, but the popularization and the use of tremella are greatly limited due to the fact that the existing technology is complicated in extraction steps, strict in extraction condition requirements and the like.
Chinese patent CN201510149916.8 "A method for extracting Tremella polysaccharides at high temperature and high pressure" discloses a method for extracting Tremella polysaccharides at high temperature and high pressure, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting white fungus without insect pests, crushing the white fungus in a crusher, sieving the white fungus with a 40-mesh sieve, and drying the white fungus in a dryer for later use;
(2) adding a distilled water extracting agent into a container filled with dry tremella powder according to a material-liquid ratio of 1: 60-1: 80, sealing the container with parchment paper, and respectively placing the container in a water bath kettle at the temperature of 100-120 ℃ and an autoclave at the pressure of 0.2-0.6 MPa for extracting for 2 hours;
(3) after the extraction time is over, the extracting solution is squeezed by filter cloth and filtered to remove impurities, and the white fungus crude sugar can be obtained by placing the white fungus crude sugar in a centrifuge with the rotation speed of 4000r/min for centrifugation.
In the above method for extracting polysaccharide from Tremella, Tremella is not treated before adding distilled water for extraction. Common dry tremella is bleached and processed by the traditional method of sulfur fumigation. The sulfur dioxide generated by the combustion of the sulfur has a bleaching function. Sulfur dioxide forms sulfite when it contacts water, which can not only cause bronchospasm, but also be converted into nitrosamine, a carcinogen in human body. In addition, the surface of the dried tremella contains other impurities, which affect the purity of the tremella extract.
Secondly, high-temperature and high-pressure treatment are respectively carried out in the method, the pressure is 0.2-0.6 MPa, the pressure is too high, and the risk is high in actual production.
Finally, the total time of high-temperature high-pressure extraction is 4 hours, which takes a long time.
Therefore, there is a need for improvement of the existing extraction method of tremella fuciformis extract.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a new tremella extract extraction method, and the tremella extract obtained by extraction and application thereof.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for extracting tremella fuciformis extract comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the dry tremella without insect pests, sieving with a 2-5-mesh sieve, sieving with a 15-20-mesh sieve, and drying;
(2) adding water to soak for 10-60min, and then changing the water for 3-10 times to wash until the soaked water is clear and transparent;
(3) putting the cut and cleaned fresh tremella or the cleaned tremella obtained in the step (2) into a 100-mesh and 200-mesh heat-resistant filter bag, and fastening the bag opening; adding water according to the weight of fresh tremella or dry tremella in a material-liquid ratio of 1: 20-100, and extracting for 5-60min by steam under the conditions that the temperature is 101-138 ℃ and the pressure is 0.1-0.35 MPa to obtain clear liquid;
(4) and after the pressure is reduced to zero, separating the clear liquid by using 200-20000 mesh filter cloth, performing centrifugal separation for 20-60min by 5000-20000r/min, and taking the supernatant to obtain the product.
In some of these examples, step (1) is performed by first sieving through a 4-5 mesh sieve to remove large particles and then sieving through a 18-20 mesh sieve to remove small particles.
In some embodiments, the distilled water in the step (2) is soaked for 20-40min, and then the water is changed for 3-6 times of washing.
In some embodiments, the heat-resistant filter bag in step (3) is 150-200 mesh.
In some embodiments, the ratio of the feed to the liquid in the step (3) is 1: 40-60.
In some of the embodiments, the temperature in step (3) is 105-125 ℃, and the pressure is 0.12-0.25 MPa; the steam extraction time is 20-40 min.
In some of these embodiments, the steam extraction apparatus in step (3) is a pressure steam sterilizer or a steam retort.
In some embodiments, the filter cloth in step (4) is 250-400 mesh.
In some embodiments, the centrifugation speed in step (4) is 8000-.
In some of these embodiments, the centrifugation time in step (4) is 30-50 min.
The invention also provides the tremella extract obtained by the extraction method.
The invention also provides application of the tremella extract in the fields of food, medicines or cosmetics.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the extraction method of the tremella extract firstly soaks and cleans the tremella, and because the sulfur dioxide is easy to dissolve in water, the residual sulfur dioxide in the tremella can be greatly reduced, even completely eliminated through soaking and washing, and in addition, other harmful substances on the surface of the tremella are removed; the steam pressure equipment is adopted for extraction, so that the pressure of steam extraction is well controlled, the high pressure risk of production is reduced, the production is safer, and the extraction time is greatly shortened; in addition, the crushing degree of the dry tremella is well controlled, so that the tremella can be thoroughly cleaned, and insoluble tremella substances cannot escape out of a filter bag due to excessive fine crushing when the tremella is put into a heat-resistant filter bag for high-temperature and high-pressure extraction, and soluble substances cannot be easily dissolved due to overlarge tremella;
2. according to the extraction method of the tremella fuciformis extract, the tremella fuciformis is placed in the filter bag to be extracted at high temperature and high pressure, so that solid-liquid separation in the whole process is easier, insoluble substances of the tremella fuciformis are left in the filter bag and are filtered by the filter cloth with a higher mesh number, the purity of the tremella fuciformis extract is very high at the moment, and finally the tremella fuciformis extract is separated by the high-speed centrifuge, the working pressure of the centrifuge is very small at the moment, the centrifuge can be completed in a short time, energy consumption is;
3. the extraction method has the advantages of short extraction time, low energy consumption, high extraction rate, simple filtration method, high purity and the like, and can be widely popularized and applied in the fields of food, medicines, cosmetics and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a result of a moisture retention and water replenishment capability test of the tremella extract in test example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, which are not described herein as being applicable to the prior art. Specific examples of the present invention are given below, but the examples are only for the purpose of further elaborating the present invention and do not limit the claims of the present invention. The reagents and starting materials used in the following examples were all commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1 extraction method of Tremella extract
The extraction method of the tremella extract of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting dry tremella without insect pests, placing the tremella in a crusher for crushing, sieving with a 2-mesh sieve to remove large particles, sieving with a 15-mesh sieve to remove small particles, and placing the tremella in a dryer for drying for later use;
(2) weighing the processed dry tremella, placing the tremella in a container, adding distilled water to soak for 10min, and then changing water for 4 times to wash until the soaked water is clear and transparent;
(3) putting cleaned tremella into a 100-mesh heat-resistant filter bag, fastening the bag opening, and then placing the tremella into pressure steam equipment;
(4) adding distilled water according to the weight of dry Tremella at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:30, and extracting for 40min in a pressure steam sterilizer or steam cooking pot with a temperature of 105 deg.C and a pressure of 0.12 MPa;
(5) and when the pressure is reduced to zero and the temperature is reduced, separating clear liquid by using 200-mesh filter cloth, performing centrifugal separation for 60min by using a high-speed centrifugal machine at 8000r/min, and taking the supernatant to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine.
The polysaccharide content and the viscosity of the extracted tremella extract are measured, and the measuring methods are respectively as follows:
determination of polysaccharide content
1. The experimental principle is as follows: the polysaccharide is hydrolyzed in concentrated sulfuric acid, further dehydrated to generate furfural and its derivatives, and reacted with anthrone (10-keto-9, 19-dihydroketone) to generate blue-green compound with maximum absorption value at 620 nm. The total sugar content can be calculated by taking a standard glucose solution as a standard and carrying out color comparison at the wavelength of 620 nm.
2. Instruments, reagents and drugs
Reagent: 0.1mg/ml glucose standard substance, anthrone reagent and distilled water
Sample liquid: 0.5mg/ml
Test tube, electric furnace, visible spectrophotometer and volumetric flask
3. Experimental procedures
3.1 preparation of Standard Curve
A. Sample adding:
B. mixing the samples, boiling in water bath for 10min, cooling at room temperature, and performing color comparison at 620 nm.
C. And (5) taking the first tube as a blank to carry out color comparison. The optical density (OD value) was taken as the ordinate, and the number of sugars (. mu.g) was taken as the abscissa, to obtain a calibration curve.
3.2 preparation of samples
Weighing appropriate amount of sample, dissolving with small amount of water, and dissolving in 50ml to obtain solution with concentration of about 0.5mg/ml.
3.3 determination of polysaccharide content in samples
0.1, 0.5 and 1.0ml of sample solution were aspirated, respectively, and 1.00ml was made up with distilled water. Adding anthrone reagent, and performing colorimetric determination by the same operation as that of standard curve preparation. The content was calculated from the standard curve and the sample concentration.
Viscosity measurement
Measured using an NDJ-9S viscometer, the determination procedure is as follows:
preparing a sample to be tested, pouring the sample into a beaker or a flat-bottomed container with the diameter of not less than 60mm, and correctly controlling the temperature of the liquid to be tested.
Secondly, the instrument protection bracket is reversely screwed into the lower end head of the instrument.
And thirdly, screwing the selected rotor into the universal joint of the instrument (anticlockwise screwing).
Fourthly, attention is paid to: when the rotor is installed, the universal joint must be slightly lifted upwards to prevent the rotating shaft tip from being damaged.
Rotating the lifting button to make the rotor slowly immerge into the liquid until the rotor liquid level mark (the groove or the scale line on the rotor rod) and the liquid level become a plane.
Sixthly, adjusting the instrument level again.
The temperature of the sample during testing must be stable to keep the displayed value stable and accurate.
Operation of panel
And ninthly, opening a power switch on the back surface of the instrument and entering a waiting selection state. If the number 1 rotor is selected to be used and the rotating speed is 6/min, the panel starting key can be directly pressed to enter a measuring state, and the display value of the CP can be read by pressing the stopping key after the display value is stable. If the selection is not the default S1 and V6, the rotor and the rotating speed selection key can be pressed, the selection state is entered, and then the confirmation key is pressed for confirmation. After setting, pressing the start key to enter the measuring state. The rotors S0, S4, V0.3/V0.6/V1.5/V3/V6/V12/V30/V60 are displayed in a circulating rolling mode. For the measurement of the viscosity of an unknown sample, the viscosity value of the sample should first be estimated. And selecting corresponding sets of rotating speed and rotor combination for measurement. When the approximate viscosity of the measured fluid cannot be estimated, the measured sample is assumed to have a higher viscosity; the rotor with small to large surface area and the rotating speed with slow to fast are tried. The principle of viscosity measurement is that the high-viscosity fluid adopts a small rotor (with small surface area) and slow rotating speed; low viscosity fluids were tested using large (large surface area) rotors and fast rpm.
Transparency the sample was filled into a 10ml transparent glass bottle by visual inspection contrast method, and compared with distilled water under the same light and background, the closer the transparency was to distilled water, the higher the grade, the higher the transparency.
The viscosity of the tremella extract extracted in this example is 6467Pa · s, the polysaccharide yield is 34.3%, and the transparency grade is: : |.
Example 2 extraction method of Tremella extract
The extraction method of the tremella extract of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting dry tremella without insect pests, placing the tremella in a crusher for crushing, sieving with a 2-mesh sieve to remove large particles, sieving with a 20-mesh sieve to remove small particles, and placing the tremella in a dryer for drying for later use;
(2) weighing the processed dry tremella, placing the tremella in a container, adding distilled water to soak for 20min, and then changing water for 5 times to wash until the soaked water is clear and transparent;
(3) putting cleaned tremella into a 100-mesh heat-resistant filter bag, fastening the bag opening, and then placing the tremella into pressure steam equipment;
(4) adding distilled water according to the weight of dry Tremella at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:40, setting the temperature at 133 deg.C and pressure at 0.30MPa in a pressure steam sterilizer or steam cooking pot, and extracting for 10 min;
(5) and when the pressure is reduced to zero and the temperature is reduced, separating clear liquid by using 300-mesh filter cloth, performing centrifugal separation for 40min by using a high-speed centrifugal machine at 8000r/min, and taking the supernatant to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine.
The method for measuring the parameters of the tremella extract in this example is the same as that in example 1.
The viscosity of the tremella extract extracted in this example is 5278Pa · s, the polysaccharide yield is 36.4%, and the transparency grade is: : |.
Example 3 extraction method of Tremella extract
The extraction method of the tremella extract of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting dry tremella without insect pests, placing the tremella in a crusher for crushing, sieving with a 3-mesh sieve to remove large particles, sieving with a 15-mesh sieve to remove small particles, and placing the tremella in a dryer for drying for later use;
(2) weighing the processed dry tremella, placing the tremella in a container, adding distilled water to soak for 30min, and then changing water for 6 times to wash until the soaked water is clear and transparent;
(3) putting cleaned tremella into a 200-mesh heat-resistant filter bag, fastening the bag opening, and then placing the tremella into pressure steam equipment;
(4) adding distilled water according to the weight of dry Tremella at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:50, and extracting for 30min in a pressure steam sterilizer or steam cooking pot with temperature of 110 deg.C and pressure of 0.15 MPa;
(5) and when the pressure is reduced to zero and the temperature is reduced, separating clear liquid by using 300-mesh filter cloth, performing centrifugal separation for 30min by using a 10000r/min high-speed centrifuge, and taking the supernatant to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine.
The method for measuring the parameters of the tremella extract in this example is the same as that in example 1.
The viscosity of the tremella extract extracted in this example is 2785Pa · s, the polysaccharide yield is 48.3%, and the transparency grade is: : |.
Example 4 extraction method of Tremella extract
The extraction method of the tremella extract of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting dry tremella without insect pests, placing the tremella in a crusher for crushing, sieving with a 3-mesh sieve to remove large particles, sieving with a 17-mesh sieve to remove small particles, and placing the tremella in a dryer for drying for later use;
(2) weighing the processed dry tremella, placing the tremella in a container, adding distilled water to soak for 30min, and then changing water for 6 times to wash until the soaked water is clear and transparent;
(3) putting cleaned tremella into a 100-mesh heat-resistant filter bag, fastening the bag opening, and then placing the tremella into pressure steam equipment;
(4) adding distilled water according to the weight of dry Tremella at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:50, and extracting for 10min in a pressure steam sterilizer or steam cooking pot with temperature of 120 deg.C and pressure of 0.20 MPa;
(5) and when the pressure is reduced to zero and the temperature is reduced, separating clear liquid by using 300-mesh filter cloth, performing centrifugal separation for 30min by using a high-speed centrifuge with the speed of 15000r/min, and taking supernatant to obtain the product.
The method for measuring the parameters of the tremella extract in this example is the same as that in example 1.
The viscosity of the tremella extract extracted in this example is 2013Pa · s, and the polysaccharide yield is 43.2% and the transparency grade is: : |.
Example 5 extraction method of Tremella extract
The extraction method of the tremella extract of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting dry tremella without insect pests, placing the tremella in a crusher for crushing, sieving with a 5-mesh sieve to remove large particles, sieving with a 20-mesh sieve to remove small particles, and placing the tremella in a dryer for drying for later use;
(2) weighing the processed dry tremella, placing the tremella in a container, adding distilled water to soak for 60min, and then changing water for 8 times to wash until the soaked water is clear and transparent;
(3) putting cleaned tremella into a 200-mesh heat-resistant filter bag, fastening the bag opening, and then placing the tremella into pressure steam equipment;
(4) adding distilled water according to the weight of dry Tremella at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:70, and extracting for 20min in a pressure steam sterilizer or steam cooking pot with temperature of 120 deg.C and pressure of 0.2 MPa;
(5) and when the pressure is reduced to zero and the temperature is reduced, separating clear liquid by using 200-mesh filter cloth, performing centrifugal separation for 20min by using a high-speed centrifuge with the speed of 15000r/min, and taking supernatant to obtain the product.
The method for measuring the parameters of the tremella extract in this example is the same as that in example 1.
The viscosity of the tremella extract extracted in this example is 1231Pa · s, the polysaccharide yield is 45.5%, and the transparency grade is: : |.
Experimental example 1 moisture retention and moisturizing ability test of tremella extract of examples 1-5
The test example adopts a human body test mode, a moisture tester is used for testing the moisture content of the skin, 60 volunteers are selected, half of the volunteers are male and female, 10 persons are selected in each group, the test group adopts 5 solutions of examples 1-5 to coat the surface of the skin, the comparison group adopts distilled water to coat the surface of the skin, and the test is carried out once every half hour for 4 hours. The 0 hour data is the average moisture content before application and the percentage change in moisture content on the skin surface over time is shown in figure 1.
The results of fig. 1 show that the tremella fuciformis extracts of examples 1-5 have moisturizing and hydrating functions, the higher the viscosity of the tremella fuciformis extracts is, the stronger moisturizing and hydrating capacity is, but the higher the viscosity of the tremella fuciformis extracts is, the lower the transparency is, and as most moisturizing products are transparent, the characteristics of the products should be comprehensively considered in practical application, and the optimal parameters should be selected for extraction and application.
Test example 2 Tremella polysaccharide test in which the Tremella extracts of examples 1-5 were concentrated and extracted
The test example adopts a water extraction and alcohol precipitation method for extraction, 100g of dry tremella is weighed respectively and extracted according to the extraction method of the embodiment 1-5 to obtain tremella extract, clear liquid is correspondingly concentrated, 55% ethanol solution with 3.4 times of volume is added, the solution is kept stand for layering, an upper ethanol phase is discarded, lower fluid is concentrated, dried and crushed in vacuum to obtain tremella polysaccharide, and the amount of tremella polysaccharide extracted from each group is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Tremella polysaccharides of examples 1-5
The data in table 1 show that when high-concentration tremella polysaccharide needs to be extracted, the feed-liquid ratio cannot be too low, and too low feed-liquid ratio can cause excessive substances such as colloid and protein, and the extraction rate of tremella polysaccharide is affected, for example, when the tremella polysaccharide is used as a raw material of a medicine, high feed-liquid ratio is adopted for extraction.
Comparative example 1 comparison of the Process of the invention with the Process of the prior art
The performance of the method of the present invention and the method of the comparison document are compared by taking the Chinese patent CN201510149916.8 method for extracting tremella polysaccharide at high temperature and high pressure as comparison.
The comparative test was conducted as follows:
(1) selecting 500g of tremella without insect pests, putting the tremella into a crusher for crushing, sieving the tremella with a 40-mesh sieve, and putting the tremella into a dryer for drying for later use;
(2) adding distilled water extractant into a container containing dry Tremella powder at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:60, sealing with parchment paper, and respectively extracting in a water bath at 100 deg.C and an autoclave at 0.2MPa for 2 hr;
(3) after the extraction time is over, the extracting solution is squeezed by filter cloth and filtered to remove impurities, and the obtained product is placed in a centrifuge with the rotation speed of 4000r/min for centrifugation for 60min to obtain the tremella crude sugar (tremella extract).
The test comparison results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 comparison of the performances of Tremella extracts obtained by the method of the present invention and the prior art method
| Test examples | Total extraction time h | Viscosity Pa s | Polysaccharide yield | Transparency |
| Example 3 | 2 | 2856 | 46.4％ | ★★★★ |
| Comparative example | 5 | 2645 | 44.3％ | ★★★ |
The results in table 2 show that the extraction method of the tremella fuciformis extract has the advantages of short extraction time, low energy consumption, simple extraction and filtration methods, high transparency and the like.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. The extraction method of the tremella extract is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting dry tremella without insect pests, placing the tremella in a crusher for crushing, sieving with a 3-mesh sieve to remove large particles, sieving with a 15-mesh sieve to remove small particles, and placing the tremella in a dryer for drying for later use;
(2) weighing the processed dry tremella, placing the tremella in a container, adding distilled water to soak for 30min, and then changing water for 6 times to wash until the soaked water is clear and transparent;
(3) putting cleaned tremella into a 200-mesh heat-resistant filter bag, fastening the bag opening, and then placing the tremella into pressure steam equipment;
(4) adding distilled water according to the weight of dry tremella at a material-liquid ratio of 1:50, and extracting with steam at 110 deg.C and 0.15MPa for 30 min;
(5) and when the pressure is reduced to zero and the temperature is reduced, separating clear liquid by using 300-mesh filter cloth, performing centrifugal separation for 30min by using a 10000r/min high-speed centrifuge, and taking the supernatant to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine.
2. The extraction method of the tremella extract as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steam extraction device in step (3) is a pressure steam sterilizer or a steam retort.
3. The tremella fuciformis extract obtained by the extraction method of claim 1 or 2.
4. Use of the tremella extract according to claim 3 for the preparation of a food, a pharmaceutical or a cosmetic product.
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