CN107370148B - The source net cooperative optimization method of meter and node split - Google Patents
The source net cooperative optimization method of meter and node split Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/008—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks involving trading of energy or energy transmission rights
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/48—Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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Abstract
What is involved is the source net cooperative optimization method in a kind of economic load dispatching, especially a kind of bring dot splitting in Optimized Operation decision into methods for the source net cooperative optimization method of meter and node split of the present invention.The source net collaboration Optimized model of meter and dot splitting is established, and carries out the solution of model, method for solving: data preparation using heuristic solving strategy method；Determine the adjustable set of node, membership；Node, set of fingers are determined according to power grid connectivity, actual motion rule；Calculating is optimized according to the source of meter and dot splitting net collaboration Optimized model；For model optimization as a result, using calculation of short-circuit current, topological analysis analytical calculation tool, judge whether to violate node short circuit current, connectivity constraint；If optimum results do not violate operation constraint, calculated result is exported；If violating, the branch for violating operation constraint or node will be caused to delete from optional set, step is calculated back to optimization and re-start calculating.
Description
Technical field
What is involved is the sources in a kind of economic load dispatching to net collaboration for the source net cooperative optimization method of meter and node split of the present invention
Optimization method, especially a kind of bring dot splitting in Optimized Operation decision into method.
Background technique
Conventional electric power system call theory is usually according to planning, maintenance decision as a result, to source under fixed electric network composition
Middle decision content optimizes.With melting for the actives load such as extensive renewable energy source power and electric car, energy storage
Enter, electric power system source active balance mode is presented developing state complicated and changeable, and the economic load dispatching under fixed electric network composition is by day
Become to being difficult to adapt to this situation.
In recent years, change electric network composition in the operation phase by adjusting branch operating status, carry out source and cooperateing with for net is excellent
Chemical conversion is new research hotspot.It points out on the basis of DC power flow, is established with the minimum target of cost of electricity-generating in some articles,
Generating set output power, the source that branch operating status is decision content net collaboration Optimization Decision Models.On this basis, both at home and abroad
Scholar again in succession introduce in a model power grid N-1, power grid connectivity, node voltage range, node capacity of short circuit limitation etc. its
Its indispensable operation constraint, and the heuristic solving strategy algorithm of problems is given, gradually push this Research Thinking to reality.Phase
Pass scholar defines three kinds of states in economic load dispatching between the net of source, and will change electric network composition as elimination or inhibit economic load dispatching
The means of middle source net conflict.The bi-level optimization model of source net conflict measurement is established, electric network composition knots modification can minimized
While, take into account the realization of source optimal operation mode.
As it can be seen that the source net collaboration optimization problem being centered around in economic load dispatching, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out heat from multiple angles
Strong research, and achieve research achievement abundant.However, research only accounts for the adjustment on side in electric network composition at present, will prop up
Road operating status is indicated by 0-1 amount, is introduced into Optimized model.In fact, carrying out power grid by switching operation in substation
Dot splitting in structure, the change of same achievable electric network composition.The adjustment on side is compared, the mode of dot splitting can reduce route throwing
Switching overvoltage risk caused by cutting influences power grid security, reliability service smaller.Existing article proposes the side by dot splitting
Formula changes electric network composition, out-of-limit with busbar voltage after elimination accident or Line Flow, but only as urgent after accident
Control means, it is general to use the heuristic search method based on sensitivity, not yet dot splitting is brought into Optimized Operation decision.
Transmission of the electric energy in power grid needs to meet the restriction of the electrical rule such as Kirchoff s voltage, current law, and electric
The change of web frame can influence the distribution of the trend in power grid.Adjustment electric network composition is considered in economic load dispatching, can alleviate net pair
The restriction of source optimal operation mode.Existing research only adjusts electric network composition by changing branch operating status, actually passes through change
Switch operation carries out dot splitting, the adjustment of same achievable electric network composition in power station, and promotes the realization of source optimal operation mode.
However, the adjustment of branch operating status generally can be indicated directly by way of introducing 0-1 amount in economic load dispatching model, and point
Fission process is then increasingly complex, and the model that existing research institute establishes can not be directly applicable in.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is be directed to the studies above basis deficiency, provide it is a kind of meter and node split source net cooperate with it is excellent
Change method, the mode for introducing virtual injection and virtual tributary constructs augmentation electric network composition, and gives corresponding points in economic load dispatching
The constraint expression of fission process establishes the source net collaboration Optimized model of meter and dot splitting, changes power grid knot by dot splitting
The difference of structure considers adjustment electric network composition in economic load dispatching, alleviates restriction of the net to source optimal operation mode.
The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve:
Under augmentation electric network composition, meter and dot splitting source net collaboration Optimized model be expressed as form, with power generation at
This minimum target, model objective function are expressed as,
(13)
In formula, N is operating unit quantity；For unitCost of electricity-generating coefficient, indicates in linear form；For unitOutput power.
Constraint condition specifically includes that
(1) node power Constraints of Equilibrium
(14)
In formula,For node m load active power；For using node m as the set of fingers of end-node；Using node m as the set of fingers of first node；For the generating set set being connected with node m.
(2) virtual injection-constraint
For the virtual injection rate that power generation, load introduce, constraint shown in formula (1)~formula (5) should be met；
(1)
(2)
In above formula,Virtually to injectWhether effective 0-1 indicates, M is the constant greater than 100,000；When=
When 1, from formula (1)=, indicate virtual injectionEffectively, it is equal to actual unit injecting power；WhenWhen=0, had by formula (2)=0；
(3)
(4)
In formula,Virtually to injectWhether effective 0-1 indicates；
(5)
(3) unit output power range constrains
(15)
In formula,、Respectively unitOutput power maximum value, minimum value.
(4) branch power constrains
First and last node is not available for switch the ordinary branch of operation in substation, branch power should meet formula (6)
It is constrained shown in~formula (8)；For the virtual tributary of introducing, branch power should meet constraint shown in formula (9)~formula (12)；
(6)
(7)
(8)
In formula, it is assumed that branch e first and last end node is respectively m, n, and branch power isIf headend node m can be carried out a little minute
It splits, except increase dummy node in augmentation electric network compositionOutside, it is further introduced into virtual tributary,、Respectively save
Point m, node n voltage phase angle；For branch e reactance value；For branch operating status,It indicates to stop transport for 0,For 1 table
Show operation；
Virtual tributary powerFollowing constraint should be met,
(9)
(10)
(11)
In formula,For dummy nodeVoltage phase angle；For virtual tributaryOperating status,It indicates to stop for 0
Fortune,Operation is indicated for 1；Due to branch e and virtual tributaryCan only at most there be an operation, add in Optimized model thus
Enter following constraint,
(12)
When、When being 0, indicate that branch e stops transport in former electric network composition.
The source of meter and dot splitting net collaboration Optimized model is mixed integer linear programming model, to avoid dot splitting process from disobeying
The constraint such as the limitation of antinodal points short-circuit current capability, power grid connectivity, the solution of model is carried out using heuristic solving strategy method.
The heuristic solving strategy method, comprising the following steps:
1) data preparation；
2) the adjustable set of node, membership is determined；It can be saved according to power grid connectivity, the determination of actual motion rule
Dot splitting and the node of operating status adjustment, set of fingers；
3) calculating is optimized according to the source of meter and dot splitting net collaboration Optimized model；
4) for the source of meter and dot splitting net collaboration Optimized model optimum results, using calculation of short-circuit current, topological analysis
Deng analysis calculating instrument, judge whether to violate the constraint such as node short circuit current, connectivity；
5) if optimum results do not violate operation constraint, calculated result is exported；If violating, will cause to violate operation constraint
Branch or node deleted from optional set, re-start calculating back to step 3).
The invention has the advantages that the present invention and is given using dot splitting as the means of adjustment electric network composition using augmentation electric network composition
The constraint expression of dot splitting process out, the source net collaboration Optimized model for establishing meter and dot splitting are drawn by increasing dummy node
The mode for entering virtual injection and virtual tributary constructs augmentation electric network composition, can indicate node point caused by switch operation in substation
It splits, and the switching of power generation, load, branch between different split vertexes.Meanwhile augmentation electric network composition applies also for indicating node
Fusion process is also applied for the increasingly complex main wiring modes such as double-bus segmentation, a half breaker, finally makes existing research
The source net collaboration Optimized model established is immediately possible.The present invention can expand the space of traditional economy scheduling solution, adapt to complicated
Changeable source active balance mode improves source operational efficiency, while can reduce and change power grid knot by adjusting branch operating status
Structure, to the adverse effect of electric power netting safe running.
Detailed description of the invention
Below with reference to attached drawing, the invention will be further described:
Fig. 1 is that 3 node power systems form schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is traditional economy scheduling model result schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is existing economic load dispatching model decision result schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is that main electrical scheme is the structural representation of double bus scheme mode in the corresponding station of 3 node system interior joint 1 in Fig. 1
Figure；
Fig. 5 is after the node 1 in Fig. 4 divides through the scheduling result schematic diagram that helps；
Fig. 6 is electric network swim distribution map after the node 1 of Fig. 4 divides；
Fig. 7 is the power generation representation schematic diagram of former electric network composition；
Fig. 8 is the power generation representation schematic diagram of augmentation electric network composition；
Fig. 9 is that the branch of former electric network composition indicates schematic diagram；
Figure 10 is the branch representation schematic diagram of augmentation electric network composition；
Figure 11 is that the branch of the former electric network composition introduced after 3 virtual tributaries in Fig. 7 indicates schematic diagram；
Figure 12 is that the branch of the augmentation electric network composition introduced after 3 virtual tributaries in Fig. 8 indicates schematic diagram；
Figure 13 is 5 node system schematic diagrames；
Figure 14 is the corresponding augmentation electric network composition schematic diagram of 5 node systems；
Figure 15 is module scheduling result schematic diagram of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Further verifying and explanation are made to the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
Transmission of the electric energy in power grid needs to meet the restriction of the electrical rule such as Kirchoff s voltage, current law, and electric
The change of web frame can influence the distribution of the trend in power grid.Adjustment electric network composition is considered in economic load dispatching, can alleviate net pair
The restriction of source optimal operation mode.By taking simple 3 node power system (see figure 1) as an example, between electric network composition and economic load dispatching
Association mechanism is illustrated.Each branch reactance of 3 node systems and capacity, load data are as shown in Figure 1, alternator data is shown in Table 1.
13 node system generating set data of table
According to electric network composition shown in Fig. 1, using the economic load dispatching under the fixed electric network composition of tradition, scheduling result such as Fig. 2 institute
Show, total power production cost is 3052.5 USD/h.Wherein, branch 1-2 effective power flow is equal to its transmission capacity, causes to be in same time
Branch 1-3 in road still has the ability to transmit electricity of high redundancy to be unable to get performance, and economic unit B can not undertake more loads, make
Total power production cost is obtained to improve.
If the change of electric network composition is considered in economic load dispatching, by branch operating status and the conduct simultaneously of unit output power
Decision content is brought into economic load dispatching model, and scheduling result is as shown in Figure 3.At this point, total power production cost is 2990USD/h, relatively pass
The economic load dispatching model united under fixed electric network composition reduces by 62.5 USD/h.From the figure 3, it may be seen that existing model be reduce power generation at
This needs branch 2-3 to stop transport, and the adjustment of electric network composition can be avoided restriction of the KVL constraint to branch 1-3 ability to transmit electricity.
Existing research only adjusts electric network composition by changing branch operating status, practical by switching operation in substation
Dot splitting, the adjustment of same achievable electric network composition are carried out, and promotes the realization of source optimal operation mode.Assuming that 3 node systems
Main electrical scheme is double bus scheme mode in the corresponding station of interior joint 1, specific as shown in Figure 4.Between original state Down Highway W1, W2
Busbar breaker QF is in closed state, and main electrical scheme can equivalent be 1 node at this time.If circuit breaker Q F is opened, other open circuits
Device operating status is constant, and node 1 will split into 2 nodes at this time: generator A, load, branch 1-2 are connected to bus W1, power generation
Machine B, branch 1-3 are connected to bus W2.Implement traditional economy scheduling on this basis, scheduling result as shown in figure 5, total power generation at
This is 2915USD/h, and the economic load dispatching model under more traditional fixed electric network composition reduces by 137.5 USD/h, more existing model
Reduce 75USD/h.
Switch operation only accounts for the adjustment of busbar breaker operating status in above-mentioned substation, additionally can further lead to
Cross other breakers switch operation generated electricity, the switching of load, branch between different buses.For example, according to Fig.4,
1 main wiring mode of node, can by 1 load of node by bus W1 through switch transition of operation to bus W2, economic load dispatching result at this time
As shown in Figure 6.At this point, total power production cost is 2886USD/h, the economic load dispatching model under more traditional fixed electric network composition is reduced
166.5 USD/h, more existing model reduce 104USD/h.
As it can be seen that further changing electric network composition by way of dot splitting, existing research is compared only by adjusting Zhi Luyun
Row state changes the mode of electric network composition, can expand the space of economic load dispatching solution, adapt to source active balance mould complicated and changeable
Formula improves source operational efficiency, while can reduce switching overvoltage risk caused by route switching, to the unfavorable of electric power netting safe running
It influences smaller.However, the adjustment of branch operating status generally can be directly by way of introducing 0-1 amount in economic load dispatching model
It indicates, and dot splitting process is then increasingly complex, the model that existing research institute establishes can not be directly applicable in.
To indicate dot splitting process, the invention proposes the concepts of augmentation electric network composition.Augmentation electric network composition refers in original
On the basis of electric network composition, by increasing dummy node to simulate busbar breaker movement, and virtual injection and virtual branch are introduced
Road, with simulation power generation, the transfer of load and branch between different buses.
Substation Bus Arrangement mode is mainly double-bus, double-bus segmentation, a half breaker etc. in power transmission network.It is first herein
First in double-bus mode as an example, the representation method of power generation, load and branch under augmentation electric network composition is illustrated.
(1) power generation, load representation method under augmentation electric network composition
Power generation representation method is illustrated first.Assuming that the power generation injecting power being connected with node m is.In augmentation
Increase the corresponding dummy node of node m under electric network composition, to indicate the split vertexes formed after busbar breaker movement, together
When introduce virtual injection、, respectively indicate node m,On power injection.It is specific as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8.
Corresponding above-mentioned augmentation electric network composition, virtually injects in economic load dispatching modelFollowing constraint should be met,
(1)
(2)
In above formula,Virtually to injectWhether effective 0-1 indicates, M is larger constant.WhenWhen=1, by
Known to formula (1)=, indicate virtual injectionEffectively, it is equal to actual unit injecting power；When=0
When, had by formula (2)=0。
It is similar, it is virtual to injectIt should meet,
(3)
(4)
In formula,Virtually to injectWhether effective 0-1 indicates.
By the physical significance virtually injected it is found that one and only one is empty for two virtual injection rates in augmentation electric network composition
Quasi- injection effectively, should also introduce following constraint in scheduling model thus,
(5)
The representation method of load power is similar therewith, the constraint shown in introduction-type (1)-formula (5) in scheduling model.
(2) branch representation under augmentation electric network composition
Assuming that branch e first and last end node is respectively m, n, branch power is.If headend node m can carry out dot splitting, increase
Except increase dummy node in broadcasting and TV web frameOutside, it is further introduced into virtual tributary, specific as shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10.
Corresponding above-mentioned augmentation electric network composition, in economic load dispatching modelFollowing constraint should be met,
(6)
(7)
(8)
In formula,、Respectively node m, node n voltage phase angle；For branch e reactance value；Shape is run for branch
State, 0 indicates to stop transport, and 1 indicates operation.
It is similar, virtual tributary powerFollowing constraint should be met,
(9)
(10)
(11)
In formula,For dummy nodeVoltage phase angle；For virtual tributaryOperating status, 0 indicates to stop transport, and 1 indicates
Operation.
Obviously, branch e and virtual tributaryCan only at most there be an operation, need to be added as follows about thus in Optimized model
Beam,
(12)
When、When being 0, indicate that branch e stops transport in former electric network composition.Therefore, this paper model can include automatically
The existing research for only considering the adjustment of branch operating status.
If two end node of branch e can carry out switching operation in substation, 3 virtual tributaries should be introduced, such as Figure 11 and
Shown in Figure 12.
The corresponding constraint of virtual tributary is similar with formula (9)~formula (12).
For the present invention by increasing dummy node, the mode for introducing virtual injection and virtual tributary constructs augmentation electric network composition,
It can indicate node split caused by switch operation in substation, and power generation, load, branch cutting between different split vertexes
It changes.Meanwhile augmentation electric network composition applies also for indicating node fusion process, is also applied for double-bus segmentation, a half breaker
Etc. increasingly complex main wiring mode, the source net collaboration Optimized model for finally establishing existing research institute is immediately possible.
To verify this paper model validation, it is illustrated by taking 5 node systems as an example.5 node system loads and branch reactance
Data are as shown in figure 13, and machine unit characteristic is shown in Table 2.The transmission capacity upper limit of branch 1-4 is 200 MW, the transmission capacity of other branches
The upper limit is 120 MW.
2 unit parameter of table
Under fixed electric network composition, implement conventional security economic load dispatching, each unit output power is as shown in table 3, each branch
Power is as shown in table 4.
3 generating set output power of table
4 Branch Power Flow of table
Total power production cost is.As shown in Table 3, branch 3-4 trend is just equal to its transmission capacity limit
Value, and branch 1-4 load factor is lower, still has biggish transmission capacity not played.It is restricted this is because being constrained by KVL,
Branch 3-4 trend is equal to its transmission capacity limit value, prevents in the same circuit continuing growing for trend on branch 1-4.
Change electric network composition by adjusting branch operating status, can further excavate electrical grid transmission ability, improves source fortune
Line efficiency.If only considering the adjustment of branch operating status, unit output power is as shown in table 5, and each branch power is as shown in table 6.
5 generating set output power of table
6 Branch Power Flow of table
Total power production cost is, compare the economic load dispatching under fixed electric network composition and have and be substantially reduced.
Meanwhile needing branch 1-3, branch 2-5 to stop transport according to scheduling result, and it is larger to the knots modification of former electric network composition, increase power grid
Operation risk.
Assuming that 5 node system interior joints 1, node 4 are double bus scheme mode.Accordingly, the corresponding augmentation electricity of 5 node systems
Web frame is as shown in figure 14, and under 5 node system augmentation electric network compositions, according to this paper model, the electric network composition of final decision is such as
Shown in Figure 15, each unit output power is identical as result shown in table 5, and total power production cost is。
As shown in figure 15, according to this paper model, node 1, node 4 are split into 2 nodes respectively, and power generation and load are dividing
It is redistributed between node afterwards, avoids restriction of the KVL constraint to source optimal operation mode.Meanwhile this paper model is determined
Plan result does not need branch stoppage in transit, is conducive to power network safety operation.
To adapt to the increasingly sophisticated changeable generation load mode of electric system, the present invention is using dot splitting as adjustment power grid knot
The means of structure, and the constraint expression of dot splitting process is provided using augmentation electric network composition, establish the source net association of meter and dot splitting
Same Optimized model.Research herein can expand the space of traditional economy scheduling solution, adapt to source active balance mode complicated and changeable,
Raising source operational efficiency, while can reduce and change electric network composition by adjusting branch operating status, not to electric power netting safe running
Benefit influences.
Claims (3)
1. the source net cooperative optimization method of a kind of meter and node split, which is characterized in that under augmentation electric network composition, meter and node
The source net collaboration Optimized model of division is expressed as form, and with the minimum target of cost of electricity-generating, model objective function is expressed as,
(1)
In formula, N is operating unit quantity；For unitCost of electricity-generating coefficient, indicates in linear form；For unitIt is defeated
Power out；
The constraint condition of the model objective function includes:
(1) node power Constraints of Equilibrium
(2)
In formula,For node m load active power；For using node m as the set of fingers of end-node；With
Node m is the set of fingers of first node；For the generating set set being connected with node m；
(2) virtual injection-constraint
For the virtual injection rate that power generation, load introduce, constraint shown in formula (3)~formula (7) should be met；
(3)
(4)
In above formula,Virtually to injectWhether effective 0-1 indicates, M is the constant greater than 100,000；WhenWhen=1,
From formula (3)=, indicate virtual injectionEffectively, it is equal to actual unit injecting power；When=0
When, had by formula (4)=0；
(5)
(6)
In formula,Virtually to injectWhether effective 0-1 indicates；
(7)
(3) unit output power range constrains
(8)
In formula,、Respectively unitOutput power maximum value, minimum value；
(4) branch power constrains
First and last node is not available for switch the ordinary branch of operation in substation, branch power should meet formula (9)~formula
(11) it is constrained shown in；For the virtual tributary of introducing, branch power should meet constraint shown in formula (12)~formula (15)；
(9)
(10)
(11)
In formula, it is assumed that branch e first and last end node is respectively m, n,For branch power,For branch power maximum value, if
Headend node m is able to carry out node split, removes in augmentation electric network composition and increases dummy nodeOutside, it is further introduced into virtual branch
Road,、Respectively node m, node n voltage phase angle；For branch e reactance value；For branch operating status,It indicates to stop transport for 0,Operation is indicated for 1；
Virtual tributary powerFollowing constraint should be met,
(12)
(13)
(14)
In formula,For dummy nodeVoltage phase angle；For virtual tributaryOperating status,It indicates to stop transport for 0,
Operation is indicated for 1；Due to branch e and virtual tributaryCan only at most there be an operation, be added in Optimized model thus as follows
Constraint,
(15)
When、When being 0, indicate that branch e stops transport in former electric network composition.
2. the source net cooperative optimization method of meter according to claim 1 and node split, which is characterized in that meter and node point
The source net collaboration Optimized model split is mixed integer linear programming model, to avoid node split process from violating node short circuit current
Capacity limit, power grid connectivity constraint carry out the solution of model using heuristic solving strategy method.
3. the source net cooperative optimization method of meter according to claim 2 and node split, which is characterized in that described heuristic
Method for solving, comprising the following steps:
1) data preparation；
2) the adjustable set of node, membership is determined；Node point can be carried out according to power grid connectivity, the determination of actual motion rule
It splits and the node of operating status adjustment, set of fingers；
3) calculating is optimized according to the source of meter and node split net collaboration Optimized model；
4) for the source of meter and node split net collaboration Optimized model optimum results, using calculation of short-circuit current, topological analysis meter
Calculation tool judges whether to violate node short circuit current, connectivity constraint；
5) if optimum results do not violate operation constraint, calculated result is exported；If violating, will cause to violate the branch for running constraint
Road or node are deleted from optional set, re-start calculating back to step 3).
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| WO2016172348A1 (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2016-10-27 | California Institute Of Technology | Distributed optimal power flow processes for unbalanced radial distribution networks |
| CN106849146A (en) * | 2017-02-05 | 2017-06-13 | 安徽康力节能电器科技有限公司 | A kind of five end HVDC transmission systems |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2016172348A1 (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2016-10-27 | California Institute Of Technology | Distributed optimal power flow processes for unbalanced radial distribution networks |
| CN106849146A (en) * | 2017-02-05 | 2017-06-13 | 安徽康力节能电器科技有限公司 | A kind of five end HVDC transmission systems |
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