CN107370124B - Method for detecting arc - Google Patents
Method for detecting arc Download PDFInfo
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- CN107370124B CN107370124B CN201610319384.2A CN201610319384A CN107370124B CN 107370124 B CN107370124 B CN 107370124B CN 201610319384 A CN201610319384 A CN 201610319384A CN 107370124 B CN107370124 B CN 107370124B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
- H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/14—Circuits therefor, e.g. for generating test voltages, sensing circuits
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- Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
- Testing Relating To Insulation (AREA)
Abstract
Present invention discloses a kind of method for detecting arc, comprising: data sampling step carries out data sampling according to scheduled sample frequency and sampling period；Sampled data pre-treatment step is pre-processed and is saved to the data of sampling；Sampled-data processing step is handled by pretreated sampled data, and the result according to processing judges fault type in advance and starts corresponding breakdown judge subprogram, or instruction tripping；Execute action step, processing result according to sampled-data processing, it executes trip action or does not execute trip action, if executing trip action, then entire method for detecting arc terminates, if not executing trip action, returns to data sampling step and continue data sampling, repeat above-mentioned process.The method for detecting arc can use the working environment of various complicated load environment, a possibility that capable of identifying the running current and true arcing fault signal under complex load environment, reduce misjudgement or fail to judge.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Low Voltage Electrical Apparatus, more specifically to arc fault detection technique.
Background technique
With the raising of electrified process, electric wiring becomes part indispensable in building.Meanwhile electric fault
Bring accident and loss are also increasing.Since the fire incident that various types of arc faults cause occupies in electric fault
The main specific gravity of electric fault accident.Electrical fire accident causes increasing threat to the life and property of people.
Since arc fault is not necessarily characterized as current anomaly, traditional electric protective equipment, such as over current protection
Shield electric appliance and residual current protecting electric appliance cannot be detected and be protected well to arc fault, therefore for caused by arc fault
Accident can not play effective protective action.Then, arc fault detection device is electrical as the protection of detection arc fault,
The various accidents caused for prevention arc fault have irreplaceable role.
In practical power utilization environment, switch frequent operation, the moment of plug plug, various complex loads is deposited in route
In addition poor contact or loosening etc. may cause the generation of fault electric arc.In actual operation, using arc light detecting or
The external physical phenomenon detection electric arc of temperature etc. is that do not have operability.Generating arc light or temperature rising is more serious electric arc
Additional phenomena, when arc light or temperature on the one hand occur and rising, electric arc has generated a period of time, and accident may have occurred and that,
It can not play the role of prevention.On the other hand, relatively weak electric arc may not generate arc light or significant temperature occur and rise, from
And it can not be detected, but these relatively weak electric arcs equally understand starting arc failure accident.
Feasible method for detecting arc is realized by the detection of electric current and/or voltage.But arcing fault signal compared with
For complexity, the form of expression is similar with the operating current under some complex load environment, so be easy to causeing erroneous judgement or failing to judge.
How accurately and effectively to identify arc fault, and be not limited to specific arc fault type, is desired in the industry
's.
Summary of the invention
An embodiment according to the present invention, proposes a kind of method for detecting arc, comprises the following steps that
Data sampling step carries out data sampling according to scheduled sample frequency and sampling period；
Sampled data pre-treatment step is pre-processed and is saved to the data of sampling；
Sampled-data processing step is handled by pretreated sampled data, and the result according to processing judges in advance
Fault type simultaneously starts corresponding breakdown judge subprogram, or instruction tripping；
Action step is executed, according to the processing result of sampled-data processing, trip action is executed or does not execute tripping and move
Make, if executing trip action, entire method for detecting arc terminates, if not executing trip action, returns to data
Sampling step continues data sampling, repeats above-mentioned process.
In one embodiment, sampled-data processing step includes:
Fault type judgement comes to judge fault type, the failure in advance according to the feature in size of current and sampled data
Type includes series arc faults or parallel arc fault；
Start corresponding breakdown judge subprogram and starts series arc faults if being judged as series arc faults in advance
Subprogram is judged, if starting parallel arc fault with parallel arc fault is judged as and judging subprogram, series arc faults
Judging that subprogram and parallel arc fault judge respectively includes the judging result for carrying out trip action in subprogram；
Voltage detecting calculates and detects the size of power-frequency voltage, will calculate the pre- voltage threshold of power-frequency voltage obtained and compares
Compared with, if power-frequency voltage be higher than voltage threshold, carry out trip action, if power-frequency voltage be not higher than voltage threshold, not into
Row trip action.
In one embodiment,
If electric current is greater than predetermined value but the feature of sampled data has exception, it is judged as series arc faults in advance；
If electric current is greater than predetermined value and the feature of sampled data is no abnormal, it is judged as parallel arc fault in advance.
In one embodiment, current setting value is 2.5 times of rated current.Sampled data is sampled using newest
Sampled data in one sampling period.
In one embodiment, which further includes testing procedure, and testing procedure generates test waveform,
The waveform of test waveform simulated failure electric arc executes sampled data pre-treatment step for test waveform, sampled-data processing walks
Rapid and execution action step, to test the method for detecting arc whether can normal use.
In one embodiment, testing procedure is triggered by key, the change for passing through output level by the I/O interface of single-chip microcontroller
Change and generates test waveform.
In one embodiment, parallel arc fault judges that subprogram includes:
Start timing, starts countdown；
Sampled data characteristic statistics, parallel arc fault judge that the sampled data feature of subprogram statistics includes: electric arc arteries and veins
Quantity, the quantity of electric arc mutation and the quantity of electric arc half-wave of punching；
Judge according to statistical result, quantity, the quantity of electric arc mutation and the quantity of electric arc half-wave of electric arc pulse have each
From threshold value the data counted in sampled data characteristic statistics step and respective threshold value comparison are judged into result.
In one embodiment, if the quantity of electric arc pulse does not reach threshold value or the quantity of electric arc mutation does not reach
The quantity being mutated to threshold value or the quantity and electric arc of electric arc pulse does not all reach threshold value, then is judged as no parallel arc
Failure, parallel arc fault judge end of subroutine；
If the quantity that the quantity and electric arc of electric arc pulse are mutated all reaches threshold value, the quantity of electric arc half-wave adds 1, at one
In the period of countdown, if the quantity of electric arc half-wave reaches threshold value, it is judged as there are parallel arc fault, issues tripping and refer to
Show and alarm, is otherwise judged as that, there is no parallel arc fault, parallel arc fault judges end of subroutine；
Wherein the quantity of electric arc pulse is counted according to maximum minimum transition process, occurs maximum minimum every time
Transition process, then electric arc number of pulses adds 1；The quantity of electric arc mutation is come according to adjacent two period without the singular point of linear relationship
Detection, each appearance and adjacent singular point of two periods without linear relationship, then electric arc mutation quantity adds 1.
In one embodiment, series arc faults judge that subprogram includes:
The feature of sampled data is obtained, the sampled data feature of acquisition includes electric arc pulse number, numerical value mutation number, surprise
Dissimilarity number, specified value point, zero point number, time domain data, frequency domain data, electric arc are mutated one or several in number；
By the feature and threshold value comparison of sampled data, threshold value includes electric arc pulse counter threshold value, numerical value discontinuous counter device
Threshold value, singular point counter threshold, specified value point threshold value, zero point threshold value, time domain data threshold value, electric arc discontinuous counter device threshold
One or several in value, threshold value is corresponding with the feature of sampled data, when feature is consistent with threshold value, is judged as that there are electric arc weeks
Phase simultaneously counts arcing cycle；
Judge according to comparison result, if the counting of arcing cycle reaches arcing cycle threshold value, is judged as in the presence of series connection
Arc fault then issues tripping instruction, is otherwise judged as that there is no series arc faults then according to the adjustment of features threshold of sampled data
Value.
In one embodiment, electric arc pulse is detected by judging whether there is the transition process of Min-max；Number
Value mutation is detected by judging whether there is zero with nonzero value transition process；Singular point be by comparing the point value with
The value of adjacent two o'clock detects；Specified value point include record the numerical value that first reaches defined threshold with second position and
Size；Electric arc mutation is detected by judging whether there is the singular point with the two neighboring period without linear relationship.
Method for detecting arc of the invention can use the working environment of various complicated load environment, can identify complexity
A possibility that loading the running current and true arcing fault signal under environment, reducing misjudgement or fail to judge.
Detailed description of the invention
The above and other feature of the present invention, property and advantage will pass through description with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples
And become apparent, identical appended drawing reference always shows identical feature in the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 discloses the flow chart of the method for detecting arc of an embodiment according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 discloses the realization process of the method for detecting arc of an embodiment according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 discloses parallel arc fault judgment method in the method for detecting arc of an embodiment according to the present invention
Flow chart.
Fig. 4 discloses the judgement of parallel arc fault in the method for detecting arc of an embodiment according to the present invention
Journey.
Fig. 5 discloses the judgement side of series arc faults in the method for detecting arc of an embodiment according to the present invention
The flow chart of method.
Fig. 6 discloses the judgement of series arc faults in the method for detecting arc of an embodiment according to the present invention
Journey.
Fig. 7 discloses the structural block diagram of the arc fault detection device using method for detecting arc of the invention.
Fig. 8, which is disclosed, distinguishes electric arc generation position using the arc fault detection device of method for detecting arc of the invention
The schematic diagram set.
Fig. 9 disclose in the arc fault detection device using method for detecting arc of the invention mutual inductor coil around
The schematic diagram of group.
Specific embodiment
The feature for the fault electric arc that arc fault is caused is not only present in line current, also there is one in line voltage distribution
A little performances.Combination current and voltage signal can obtain the wave character of fault electric arc.And true fault electric arc have with
Machine, characteristic point can appear randomly in any position of waveform.And interference waveform or doubtful wave under complex load environment
Shape has periodically, i.e., the characteristic point of suspected waveform is almost the same in adjacent periods, the position of characteristic point it is mutually fixed and
Periodically occur.By whether having randomness, true fault electric arc and suspected malfunctions electric arc can be identified.
Refering to what is shown in Fig. 1, being comprised the following steps that present invention discloses a kind of method for detecting arc
102. data sampling step carries out data sampling according to scheduled sample frequency and sampling period.Implement at one
In example, sampled using AD, sample frequency 5KHz, sampling period 20ms.
104. sampled data pre-treatment step is pre-processed and is saved to the data of sampling.In one embodiment
In, it is placed into array by pretreated sampled data.
106. sampled-data processing step.It handles by pretreated sampled data, the result according to processing is pre-
Judge fault type and start corresponding breakdown judge subprogram, or instruction tripping.In one embodiment, at sampled data
Managing step includes following several processes:
Fault type deterministic process is come to judge fault type in advance according to the feature in size of current and sampled data.Series connection
The judgment criteria of arc fault are as follows: electric current is greater than predetermined value but the feature of sampled data has exception.Parallel arc fault is sentenced
Disconnected standard are as follows: electric current is greater than predetermined value and the feature of sampled data is no abnormal.In one embodiment, current setting value is volume
2.5 times of constant current.Sampled data is using the sampled data in newest a sampled sampling period.In one embodiment
In, the sampling period is 20ms, the hits of 20ms before the data in a sampling period of last samples are current time
According to feature.
Start corresponding breakdown judge subprogram.If being judged as series arc faults in advance, start series arc faults
Judge subprogram.If starting parallel arc fault with parallel arc fault is judged as and judging subprogram.Series arc faults
Judging that subprogram and parallel arc fault judge respectively includes the judging result for carrying out trip action in subprogram.
Voltage detecting process.Calculate and detect the size of power-frequency voltage.The pre- voltage threshold of power-frequency voltage obtained will be calculated
It compares.If power-frequency voltage is higher than voltage threshold, trip action is carried out.(it is lower than or waits if power-frequency voltage is not higher than
In) voltage threshold, then without trip action.
108. executing action step.According to the processing result of step 106 sampled-data processing, trip action or not is executed
Trip action is executed, if executing trip action, entire method for detecting arc terminates.If not executing trip action,
Step 102 is then returned to, data sampling is continued, repeats above-mentioned process.
Shown in continuing to refer to figure 1, other than the main process of above-mentioned steps 102~108, this method further includes test step
Rapid 103.The step of testing procedure 103 is independently of except main process, in one embodiment, testing procedure 103 is in data
The gap of sampling executes.
103. testing procedure.Testing procedure is triggered by key, the variation for passing through output level by the I/O interface of single-chip microcontroller
Generate test waveform.Test waveform is the waveform of simulated failure electric arc.Test waveform needs to have the feature of fault electric arc, that is, needs
There is randomness, and meet the amplitude of fault electric arc.In one embodiment, testing procedure is used inquires in sampling gap
The working method of CPU.After push button signalling generates, single-chip microcontroller exports test waveform, and the test waveform of output is a series of sampling weeks
The time span of phase, such as 0.5S.Above-mentioned step 104~108 are equally executed for test waveform, i.e. sampled data pre-processes
Step, sampled-data processing step and execution action step.If can normally judge that (test waveform is there are arc fault
Meet fault electric arc feature), it can judge that there are arc faults in certain time (0.5S), then show each judgement
Foundation and judgment criteria are normal, are able to detect arc fault.If arc fault cannot be detected, such as always without tripping report
It is alert, without response or be more than to be responded after certain time (0.5S) again, illustrate that there are different for judgment basis and/or judgment criteria
Normal or existing defects, are unable to normal use.
Fig. 2 discloses the realization process of the method for detecting arc of an embodiment according to the present invention.Fig. 2 is Fig. 1 institute
The realization process of the method shown further refined.As shown in Fig. 2, the detection process of arc fault is as follows:
(11) process starts: waiting voltage over zero.
(12) after voltage over zero, judge whether to press test key, if pressing test key, enter (13),
If not pressing test key, enter (14).
(13) test waveform is sent, test waveform returns to (12) after being sent completely.
(14) judge whether timer interrupts.If timer interruption, enter (15), if timer does not interrupt,
Then enter (17).Timer interruption mode is continuous timer interruption.
(15) AD sampling is carried out, the frequency of AD sampling is 5KHz, samples the data of a cycle.In one embodiment,
One sampling period is 20ms.The result of sampling is put into array, subsequently into (16).
(16) sampled data is pre-processed, register will be put by pretreated sampled data, and be then returned
(12)。
(17) judge whether AD sampling terminates.If AD sampling is not over, (12) are returned, if AD sampling terminates,
Then enter (18).
(18) sampled-data processing.It handles pretreated sampled data is passed through in register.In (18) hits
According in processing, the judgement of arc fault type and the calculating of voltage swing are carried out.Wherein the judgement of arc fault type and voltage are big
Small calculating is synchronous progress, and arc fault type judges and the result of the calculating of voltage swing can all trigger trip action.Step
Suddenly (19) and (110) are the calculating to voltage swing, and step (111)~(115) are the judgements to arc fault type.
(19) size of voltage is calculated.In one embodiment, the size of power-frequency voltage is calculated.Subsequently into (110).
(110) judge whether the voltage being calculated in (19) is greater than voltage threshold, if it exceeds voltage threshold, then enter
To trip action (116), if being not above voltage threshold, (12) are returned to.
Step (111)~step (115) is the judgement to arc fault type.In one embodiment, arc fault kind
Class is divided into series arc faults and parallel arc fault.Respectively there is the son of oneself to sentence for series arc faults and parallel arc fault
Disconnected process: series arc faults judge that subprocess (114) and parallel arc fault judge subprocess (115).Step (111)~
It (113) is to be judged in advance according to sampled data, to determine that further starting series arc faults judge subprogram (114) still
Parallel arc fault judges subprogram (115).The basic foundation judged in advance is: the feature in size of current and sampled data.
In one embodiment, current setting value is 2.5 times of rated current.Sampled data is using newest a sampled sampling
Sampled data in period.In the present embodiment, the sampling period is 20ms, and the data in a sampling period of last samples are
The feature of the sampled data of 20ms before being current time.
The judgment criteria of series arc faults are as follows: electric current is greater than predetermined value but the feature of sampled data has exception.
The judgment criteria of parallel arc fault are as follows: electric current is greater than predetermined value and the feature of sampled data is no abnormal.
Electric current is less than (or being equal to) predetermined value and then thinks that working environment is normal.
Specifically, step (111)~(115) implementation procedure is as follows: it is predetermined that step (111) judges whether electric current is greater than
Value.If electric current is no more than predetermined value (i.e. judging result is N), judgement at this time is that working environment is normal.Although in Fig. 2
Arrow direction when electric current is not more than predetermined value is directed to series arc faults and judges subprogram, but actually series arc faults
Judge that subprogram can't start in this case, tripping will not be triggered, and is to revert to sampling step and continues to sample.If
Electric current is greater than predetermined value and (judges result entering step (112) then as Y), obtain and judge that newest sampled one is adopted
Sampled data in the sample period.(113) are entered step later judges whether sampled data anomaly exists.If there is exception
(step 113 of diagram is to judge whether " without exception ", therefore there is abnormal judging result is N), then be judged as series electrical in advance
Arc failure, starting series arc faults judge subprogram (114).If there is no the exception (judging result of the step 113 of diagram
For Y), then it is judged as that parallel arc fault, starting parallel arc fault judge subprogram (115) in advance.Series arc faults judgement
Subprogram (114) and parallel arc fault judge that the detailed process of subprogram (115) is described in detail below, series arc faults
Judge that subprogram (114) and parallel arc fault judge to thread off if necessary in the operation result of subprogram (115),
Trip action (116) are then entered, if it is other results, then subprogram (114) and parallel connection are judged according to connection arc fault
Arc fault judges that other results of subprogram (115) execute (being described in detail below).
(116) trip action.Step (116) determines whether to execute according to the result of step (19), (114) or (115)
Trip action, if performing trip action, entering (117) terminates.If being not carried out trip action, (12) are returned.
Fig. 3 discloses parallel arc fault judgment method in the method for detecting arc of an embodiment according to the present invention
Flow chart.As previously described, the judgment criteria of parallel arc fault are as follows: electric current is greater than the spy of predetermined value and sampled data
Sign is without abnormal.Detecting that electric current suddenly increases to more than setting value, such as when electric current of 2.5 times more than voltage rating, in advance
It is judged as doubtful parallel arc fault.Starting parallel arc fault judges subprogram at this time, and parallel arc fault judges subprogram
Including the following steps:
202. start timing, start countdown.In one embodiment, when parallel arc fault judges the execution of subprogram
Between be a sampling period time span, in one embodiment, be 0.5S, step 202 start 0.5S countdown.
204. sampled data characteristic statistics.In one embodiment, parallel arc fault judges the sampling of subprogram statistics
Data characteristics includes: the quantity of the quantity of electric arc pulse, the quantity of electric arc mutation and electric arc half-wave.The execution time of step 204
Length is the duration of step 202 countdown, enters step 206 after countdown arrival.
206. judge according to statistical result.The quantity tool of the quantity of electric arc pulse, the quantity of electric arc mutation and electric arc half-wave
There is respective threshold value, by the data counted in step 204 and respective threshold value comparison, judges result.In a reality
It applies in example, judging result is as follows:
If the quantity of electric arc pulse does not reach threshold value or the quantity of electric arc mutation does not reach threshold value or electric arc
The quantity of quantity and the electric arc mutation of pulse does not all reach threshold value, then is judged as no parallel arc fault, parallel arc event
Barrier judges end of subroutine.In one embodiment, the quantity of electric arc pulse is counted according to maximum minimum transition process,
There is maximum minimum transition process every time, then electric arc number of pulses adds 1.Quantity foundation and adjacent two period of electric arc mutation
The singular point of no linear relationship detects, and occurs every time and adjacent singular point of two periods without linear relationship, then electric arc mutation count
Amount plus 1.
If the quantity that the quantity and electric arc of electric arc pulse are mutated all reaches threshold value, the quantity of electric arc half-wave adds 1.At one
In the period of countdown 0.5S, if the quantity of electric arc half-wave reaches threshold value, it is judged as there are parallel arc fault, issues de-
Button is indicated and is alarmed.Otherwise it is judged as that, there is no parallel arc fault, parallel arc fault judges end of subroutine.
It should be noted that parallel arc fault judges that subprogram is that high current occurring (more than 2.5 times of voltage rating
Electric current) start afterwards, after making the judgement there is no parallel arc fault, it is regarded as during the secondary high current normal
Workload electric current does not restart activation parallel arc fault and judges subprogram.It is restored to that is, becoming smaller again in electric current
Before below the setting value of 2.5 times of rated current, it will not all be again started up parallel arc fault and judge subprogram.Electric current again
After being restored to below setting value, above-mentioned condition is released, if occurring meeting the touching that parallel arc fault judges subprogram again
Clockwork spring part, it is again started up parallel arc fault and judges subprogram.
Fig. 4 discloses the judgement of parallel arc fault in the method for detecting arc of an embodiment according to the present invention
Journey.Fig. 4 is the realization process of the deterministic process of parallel arc fault shown in Fig. 3 further refined.As shown in figure 4, in parallel
The deterministic process of arc fault is as follows:
(21) process starts.
(22) timing program starts, the activation of 0.5S countdown procedure.In timing course, be performed in parallel following (23) and
(24) two kinds of detections.
(23) electric arc pulse is detected, detects electric arc pulse by judging whether there is the transition process of Min-max.
Maximum minimum transition process if it exists, then electric arc pulse counter adds 1, i.e. statistics electric arc pulse number adds 1, completes to count
Enter (25) after increase.If there is no Min-max transition process, then increases without counting, be directly entered (25).
(24) detection electric arc mutation, is detected by judging whether there is with adjacent singular point of two periods without linear relationship
Electric arc mutation.Then electric arc discontinuous counter device adds 1 with adjacent singular point of two periods without linear relationship if it exists, i.e. statistics electric arc is prominent
Become number and add 1, completes to enter (25) after counting.If there is no with adjacent singular point of two periods without linear relationship, then not into
Row, which counts, to be increased, and (25) are directly entered.
(25) judge whether half wave cycles terminate, enter (26) if terminating, return to (22) if being not over.
(26) judge whether 0.5S countdown not yet reaches, if having arrived at (i.e. judging result is N), enter
(210), if not yet reaching 0.5S countdown (i.e. judging result is Y), enter (27).
(27) judge the electric arc discontinuous counter device in the counting and above-mentioned (24) of the electric arc pulse counter in above-mentioned (23)
Counting whether reach threshold value.If the counting of electric arc pulse counter and the counting of electric arc discontinuous counter device all reach threshold value,
Electric arc half-wave counter adds 1, i.e. electric arc half-wave number adds 1, subsequently into (28).If not reaching threshold value (electric arc step-by-step counting
There is one not reach threshold value in the counting of device and the counting of electric arc discontinuous counter device and be considered as not up to threshold value) then it is directly entered
(210)。
(28) electric arc half-wave number is counted.By judge the counting of electric arc half-wave counter whether reach threshold value count electricity
Arc half-wave number.According to logic judgment process before, the quantity of the electric arc half-wave counted herein is the electric arc half-wave in 0.5S
Quantity, therefore (28) also are understood as the number of electric arc half-wave in statistics 0.5S herein.If the number of electric arc half-wave reaches threshold
Value, then enter (29), if the number of electric arc half-wave does not reach threshold value, enter (210).
(29) trip alarms issue tripping and order and alarm.
(210) terminate.
Fig. 5 discloses the judgement side of series arc faults in the method for detecting arc of an embodiment according to the present invention
The flow chart of method.As previously described, the judgment criteria of series arc faults are as follows: electric current is greater than predetermined value but sampled data
Feature exists abnormal.The setting value of electric current is 2.5 times of voltage rating.The feature of sampled data includes one or more in following
A: electric arc pulse number, numerical value are mutated number, singular point number, specified value point, zero point number, time domain data, frequency domain number
Number is mutated according to, electric arc.Above-mentioned each feature has respective threshold value, by the feature of sampled data and corresponding threshold value ratio
Compared with, to judge whether there is series arc faults, if there is series arc faults then issue tripping instruction, if there is no string
Join arc fault, then threshold value is adjusted according to sampled data, to adapt to current loading condition and power utilization environment.Series electrical
Arc breakdown judge subprogram including the following steps:
302. obtain the feature of sampled data.In one embodiment, the sampled data feature of acquisition includes electric arc pulse
Number, numerical value mutation number, singular point number, specified value point, zero point number, time domain data, frequency domain data, electric arc mutation
It is one or several in number.Wherein electric arc pulse is detected by judging whether there is the transition process of Min-max.Number
Value mutation is detected by judging whether there is zero with nonzero value transition process.Singular point be by comparing the point value with
The value of adjacent two o'clock detects.Specified value point include record the numerical value that first reaches defined threshold with second position and
Size.Electric arc mutation is detected by judging whether there is the singular point with the two neighboring period without linear relationship.
304. by the feature and threshold value comparison of sampled data.Serial threshold value to be compared includes electric arc pulse counter threshold
Value, numerical value discontinuous counter device threshold value, singular point counter threshold, specified value point threshold value, zero point threshold value, time domain data threshold
It is one or several in value, electric arc discontinuous counter device threshold value, size of current threshold value.The feature of serial threshold value and sampled data is one by one
It is corresponding.When feature is consistent with serial threshold value, it is judged as there are arcing cycle and arcing cycle is counted.
306. judge according to comparison result.If the counting that the result of judgement includes: arcing cycle reaches arcing cycle threshold
Value is then judged as that there are series arc faults then to issue tripping instruction, is otherwise judged as that there is no series arc faults then bases
The adjustment of features threshold value of sampled data is to adapt to current load environment and working environment.
Fig. 6 discloses the judgement of series arc faults in the method for detecting arc of an embodiment according to the present invention
Journey.Fig. 6 is the realization process of the deterministic process of series arc faults shown in fig. 5 further refined.As shown in fig. 6, series connection
The deterministic process of arc fault is as follows:
(31) process starts.
(32) electric arc pulse is detected, detects electric arc pulse by judging whether there is the transition process of Min-max.
Maximum minimum transition process if it exists, then electric arc pulse counter adds 1, i.e. statistics electric arc pulse number adds 1, completes to count
Enter (33) after increase.If there is no Min-max transition process, then increases without counting, be directly entered (33).
(33) testing number value mutation, by judging whether there is zero and nonzero value transition process come testing number value mutation.
Then numerical value discontinuous counter device adds 1 for zero and nonzero value transition process if it exists, i.e. statistic mutation number adds 1, completes to count
Enter (34) afterwards.If there is no zero and nonzero value transition process, then increases without counting, be directly entered (34).
(34) inflection point detection detects singular point by comparing the value of the point value and adjacent two o'clock.If the point value
Much larger than the value of adjacent two o'clock, then judgement is there are singular point, and singular point counter adds 1, i.e. statistics singular point number adds 1, completes
Enter (35) after technology.If the value of the point value and adjacent two o'clock is close, singular point is not present in judgement, is increased without counting
Add, is directly entered (35).
(35) specified value point detects.The position of first numerical value for reaching defined threshold with second of record and size,
Subsequently into (36).
(36) number for counting zero point, subsequently into (37).
(37) frequency domain data summation is cumulative, subsequently into (38).
(38) time domain data summation is cumulative, subsequently into (39).
(39) electric arc abrupt climatic change is sentenced by judging whether there is the singular point with the two neighboring period without linear relationship
It is disconnected to be mutated with the presence or absence of electric arc.The mode of judgement can be judged using linear deviation index, such as by two neighboring week
The point line of phase sees whether the singular point for having far from line.If there is with adjacent two period without the unusual of linear relationship
Point, then electric arc discontinuous counter device adds 1, i.e. statistics electric arc mutation number adds 1, subsequently into (310).If there is no with adjacent two
Singular point of a period without linear relationship, is directly entered (310).
(310) judge whether that judges an end cycle.In one embodiment, one judges period and a sampling week
Phase is consistent, is similarly 20ms.If end cycle, enter (311), if the period is not finished, enters (318).
(311) size of current is determined.It in one embodiment, is accumulated result confirmation electric current of being summed according to time domain data
Size.
(312) judge whether individual count device value meets First Series threshold value, if the value of individual count device all meets first
Serial threshold value, then the first arcing cycle counter adds 1, subsequently into (313).If be not individual count device while meeting the
A series of threshold values then enter (314).In one embodiment, First Series threshold value includes electric arc pulse counter threshold value, numerical value
Discontinuous counter device threshold value, singular point counter threshold, specified value point threshold value, zero point threshold value, time domain data threshold value, electric arc are prominent
Become counter threshold, size of current threshold value.
(313) judge the number of the first arcing cycle.The first arcing cycle that will be counted in first arcing cycle counter
Number compared with the first arcing cycle threshold value.If the number of the first arcing cycle of statistics reaches the first arcing cycle threshold
Value, that is, meet the first arcing cycle threshold value and then enter (316), otherwise enters (317).
(314) judge whether individual count device value meets second series threshold value, if the value of individual count device all meets second
Serial threshold value, then the second arcing cycle counter adds 1, subsequently into (315).If be not individual count device while meeting the
Two serial threshold values, then the second arcing cycle counter does not increase, and is directly entered (317).In one embodiment, second series threshold
Value include electric arc pulse counter threshold value, numerical value discontinuous counter device threshold value, singular point counter threshold, specified value point threshold value,
Zero point threshold value, time domain data threshold value, electric arc discontinuous counter device threshold value, size of current threshold value.
(315) judge the number of the second arcing cycle.The second arcing cycle that will be counted in second arcing cycle counter
Number compared with the second arcing cycle threshold value.If the number of the second arcing cycle of statistics reaches the second arcing cycle threshold
Value, that is, meet the second arcing cycle threshold value and then enter (316), otherwise enters (317).
(316) judge whether voltage data is abnormal.Calculate power-frequency voltage and by the power-frequency voltage being calculated and voltage threshold
Value compares, and carries out trip alarms if voltage data is there is no exception, issues tripping order and simultaneously alarms.If power data
Then enter (317) in the presence of abnormal.
(317) adjusting thresholds.According to the feedback of aforementioned correlation step, threshold value is adjusted in real time.In one embodiment,
The threshold value of adjustment includes one or more of following threshold values: First Series threshold value, second series threshold value, the first arcing cycle threshold
Value, the second arcing cycle threshold value.Enter (318) after adjusting thresholds.
(318) terminate.
The method for detecting arc of above-mentioned combination FIG. 1 to FIG. 6 introduction can be applied in arc fault detection device.Figure
7 disclose the structural block diagram of the arc fault detection device using method for detecting arc of the invention.As shown in fig. 7, should
Arc fault detection device includes: voltage sample module 412, current sampling module 413, signal processing module 416, power module
415, tripping module 419, control module 417, waveform generating module 414 and shell (shell is not shown in Fig. 7).
Voltage sample module 412 realizes that voltage sample module 412 is connected in route " L " phase by electric resistance partial pressure mode,
Voltage sample module 412 is to obtain the power-frequency voltage signal in route.Occurred using the distinguishable electric arc of the power-frequency voltage signal
Positional relationship between position and arc fault detection device can avoid electric arc generation and go out at arc fault detection device front end
The phenomenon that existing arc fault detection device malfunction, (is described in detail) below in conjunction with Fig. 8.
There are two mutual inductors for the tool of current sampling module 413: power current mutual inductor 409 and HF current transformer 410.Work
Frequency current transformer 409 and HF current transformer 410 are in " L " phase in the line, by the curent change in " L " phase
Generate induced current.The skeleton of power current mutual inductor 409 is silicon steel sheet, by low-frequency sampling circuit (low-frequency sampling circuit packet
Be contained in current sampling module 413) after obtain the power frequency current signal in route.The skeleton of HF current transformer 410 is iron
Nickel molybdenum powder core obtains in route after high frequency sampling circuit (high frequency sampling circuit is included in current sampling module 413)
High-frequency current signal.As shown, being wound with two groups of windings on power current mutual inductor 409 and HF current transformer 410.
Have on power current mutual inductor 409 and winds the relatively thin winding 3-4 of closeer winding 1-2 and winding, HF current transformer 410
The relatively thin winding 7-8 of the upper winding 5-6 closeer with winding and winding.Closeer winding 1-2 and 5-6 are wound for acquiring route
In operating current, winding relatively thin winding 3-4 and 7-8 are surveyed for applying test waveform with generating reference current and voltage
Try the reliability (being described in detail below in conjunction with Fig. 9) of arc fault detection device.
The electric current letter for voltage signal and the current sampling module acquisition that signal processing module 416 acquires voltage sample module
It number is handled, such as is filtered, is sent into control module 417 after the processing such as clipping.
The analysis of control module 417 executes Fig. 1 from the received processed voltage and current signal of signal processing module 416
~method for detecting arc shown in fig. 6 if there is arc fault, then issues tripping to determine whether there are arc fault
Instruction instruction tripping module 419 is threaded off.
Waveform generating module 414 is controlled the control of module 417, and waveform generating module 414 generates test waveform.Waveform
Module 414 occurs to be used to execute the step 103 in Fig. 1, testing procedure.It is triggered in response to key, waveform generating module 414 generates
The waveform of pre-stored simulated failure electric arc.The waveform of simulation arc fault passes through output level by the I/O interface of single-chip microcontroller
Variation generate test waveform.The waveform of the simulation arc fault needs to have the feature of fault electric arc, that is, needs to have random
Property, and meet the amplitude of fault electric arc.In the illustrated embodiment, control module 417 is connected to test key 418, presses
Key 418 is tested, then makes waveform generating module 414 generate test waveform by control module 417.
Power module 415 is Switching Power Supply, provides DC power supply for above-mentioned modules.
Tripping module 419 is for executing trip action.Module 419 of threading off includes magnetic flux buckle releaser, silicon-controlled and other phases
Powered-down road, for executing trip action with disjunction circuit.Tripping module 419 is connected to the switch 420 of circuit, module 419 of threading off
Switch 420 is disconnected when tripping with disjunction circuit.
The arc fault detection device for detecting and protection circuit 411, route 411 include " L " mutually and " N " phase.
It is carried out about control module 417 and the working principle of waveform generating module 414 above in connection with FIG. 1 to FIG. 6
Description, is not repeated herein.
As described above, there are two groups of windings, it is possible thereby to realize for electric arc on electric arc mutual inductor of the invention
The identification of failure generation position.Fig. 8 discloses the arc fault detection device area using method for detecting arc of the invention
The schematic diagram for dividing electric arc that position occurs.As shown in figure 8, higher level's circuit 502, arc fault detection device 504 and load 506 are formed
Connection mode as shown in Figure 8.Arc fault is likely to occur between higher level's circuit 502 and arc fault detection device 504, i.e.,
The front end of arc fault detection device 504, is identified as at A in fig. 8.Arc fault is also possible to occur in arc fault detection
Between device 504 and load 506, i.e. the rear end of arc fault detection device 504 is identified as at B in fig. 8.For occurring at A
Arc fault be mostly due to the initiation of higher level's fault due to being in the front end of arc fault detection device, and it is unsupported
Failure, so arc fault detection device does not need to act.For the arc fault occurred at B, it is located at arc fault detection and fills
The rear end set is mostly due to load faulty initiation, arc fault detection device is needed to act.It is generated at either A or at B
Arc fault, will appear exception in the performance of electric current, thus in many cases, only by detect electric current can cause electricity
The malfunction of arc fault detection means can also act disjunction circuit for the arc fault occurred at A.
But from the angle of voltage, the arc fault at A and at B has different voltage characteristics: if arc fault is located at A
Place, in the front end of arc fault detection device, then arc fault detection device and electric arc are series in route, and the two generates one
Partial pressure relationship, the voltage waveform at arc fault detection device both ends will not be complete sine waves, but a kind of flat shoulder of band
Or more lopsided waveform, voltage effective value also can be smaller than normal condition.There is such voltage characteristic, then illustrates arc fault
It comes across at A, arc fault detection device does not need to act.If arc fault is located at B, after arc fault detection device
End, then load is series in route with electric arc, and the voltage waveform in load can change, but arc fault detection device two
The voltage waveform at end is the sum of the voltage of load with electric arc, will not generate variation.If there is such voltage characteristic, illustrate electric arc
Failure needs arc fault detection device to act present in B.Using above-mentioned feature, pass through detection arc fault detection dress
The voltage signal for setting front end may know that the positional relationship between position and arc fault detection device occurs for electric arc, to avoid electricity
Cause the malfunction of arc fault detection device when arc occurs at A.The voltage that voltage sample module 412 of the invention samples is
The voltage of arc fault detection device front end may be implemented using the voltage of arc fault detection device front end for arc fault
The identification of position occurs.
Fig. 9 disclose in the arc fault detection device using method for detecting arc of the invention mutual inductor coil around
The schematic diagram of group.As described above, there are two groups of windings on electric arc mutual inductor of the invention, pass through survey it is possible thereby to realize
Try test of the waveform to arc fault detection device.As shown in figure 9, on power current mutual inductor 409 have wind it is closeer around
Have that wind closeer winding 5-6 and winding relatively thin on group 1-2 and the relatively thin winding 3-4 of winding, HF current transformer 410
Winding 7-8.Refering to what is shown in Fig. 7, winding closeer winding 1-2 and 5-6 for acquiring the operating current in route and being connected to electricity
Flow sampling module 413.Winding relatively thin winding 3-4 and 7-8 are connected to waveform generating module 414.Waveform generating module 414 generates
Test waveform be applied on mutual inductor 409 and 410 by winding 3-4 and 7-8, to generate reference current and voltage.Work as test
When waveform is applied on mutual inductor 409 and 410 by winding 3-4 and 7-8, corresponding induced current, induced current quilt can be generated
Winding 1-2 and 5-6 are acquired and are supplied to current sampling module 413.Meanwhile under the action of test waveform, voltage sample module
412 can also collect the voltage signal at the both ends winding 1-2 and 5-6, which is arc fault detection device front end
Voltage signal.The signal that 416 integrated treatment voltage acquisition module 412 of signal processing module and current sampling module 413 acquire, and
It is supplied to control module 417.It can be tested by test waveform including mutual inductor, voltage sample module, current sampling module, control
The reliability of molding block, module of threading off.
One exemplary test process is as follows: after test key 418 is pressed, arc fault detection device enters from survey mould
Formula；Under self test mode, waveform generating module 414 issues preset one or more test waveforms, and test waveform will flow
The winding 7-8 of winding 3-4 and HF current transformer 410 through power current mutual inductor 409 simultaneously generate corresponding electric current.Power frequency
The winding 1-2 of current transformer 409 and the winding 5-6 of HF current transformer 410 send the current waveform sensed to electric current
Sampling module 413.The voltage and current that signal processing module 416 acquires voltage sample module 412 and current sampling module 413
It is sent after signal processing to control module 417, control module 417 is identified according to method for detecting arc above-mentioned, judgement
It whether there is arc fault in route 411.When there is arc fault in route 411, control module 417 to tripping module 419
Tripping order is issued, switch 420, line disconnection 411 are disconnected.
Method for detecting arc of the invention can use the working environment of various complicated load environment, can identify complexity
A possibility that loading the running current and true arcing fault signal under environment, reducing misjudgement or fail to judge.
Above-described embodiment, which is available to, to be familiar with person in the art to realize or use the present invention, and is familiar with this field
Personnel can make various modifications or variation, thus this to above-described embodiment without departing from the present invention in the case of the inventive idea
The protection scope of invention is not limited by above-described embodiment, and should meet inventive features that claims are mentioned most
On a large scale.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method for detecting arc, which is characterized in that comprise the following steps that
Data sampling step carries out data sampling according to scheduled sample frequency and sampling period；
Sampled data pre-treatment step is pre-processed and is saved to the data of sampling；
Sampled-data processing step is handled by pretreated sampled data, and the result according to processing judges failure in advance
Type simultaneously starts corresponding breakdown judge subprogram, or instruction tripping；The sampled-data processing step includes:
Fault type judgement comes to judge fault type, the fault type in advance according to the feature in size of current and sampled data
Including series arc faults or parallel arc fault；
Start corresponding breakdown judge subprogram, if being judged as series arc faults in advance, starts series arc faults judgement
Subprogram, if starting parallel arc fault with parallel arc fault is judged as and judging subprogram, series arc faults judgement
Subprogram and parallel arc fault judge respectively to include the judging result for carrying out trip action in subprogram；
Voltage detecting calculates and detects the size of power-frequency voltage, will calculate the pre- voltage threshold of power-frequency voltage obtained and compares, such as
Fruit power-frequency voltage is higher than voltage threshold, then carries out trip action,
If power-frequency voltage is not higher than voltage threshold, without trip action；
Action step is executed, according to the processing result of sampled-data processing, trip action is executed or does not execute trip action, such as
Fruit executes trip action, then entire method for detecting arc terminates, if not executing trip action, returns to data sampling step
Suddenly continue data sampling, repeat above-mentioned process.
2. method for detecting arc as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
If electric current is greater than predetermined value but the feature of sampled data has exception, it is judged as series arc faults in advance；
If electric current is greater than predetermined value and the feature of sampled data is no abnormal, it is judged as parallel arc fault in advance.
3. method for detecting arc as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that
The current setting value is 2.5 times of rated current；
The sampled data is using the sampled data in newest a sampled sampling period.
4. method for detecting arc as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include:
Testing procedure, testing procedure generate test waveform, and the waveform of test waveform simulated failure electric arc is executed for test waveform
Sampled data pre-treatment step, sampled-data processing step and execution action step, to test the method for detecting arc
Whether can normal use.
5. method for detecting arc as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the testing procedure is triggered by key,
Test waveform is generated by the variation of output level by the I/O interface of single-chip microcontroller.
6. method for detecting arc as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the parallel arc fault judges subprogram
Include:
Start timing, starts countdown；
Sampled data characteristic statistics, parallel arc fault judge that the sampled data feature of subprogram statistics includes: electric arc pulse
The quantity of quantity, the quantity of electric arc mutation and electric arc half-wave；
Judge according to statistical result, quantity, the quantity of electric arc mutation and the quantity of electric arc half-wave of electric arc pulse have respective
The data counted in sampled data characteristic statistics step and respective threshold value comparison are judged result by threshold value.
7. method for detecting arc as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that
If the quantity of electric arc pulse does not reach threshold value or the quantity of electric arc mutation does not reach threshold value or electric arc pulse
Quantity and electric arc mutation quantity all do not reach threshold value, then be judged as that no parallel arc fault, parallel arc fault are sentenced
Disconnected end of subroutine；
If the quantity that the quantity and electric arc of electric arc pulse are mutated all reaches threshold value, the quantity of electric arc half-wave adds 1, falls to count at one
When period in, if the quantity of electric arc half-wave reaches threshold value, be judged as there are parallel arc fault, issue tripping instruction simultaneously
Alarm, is otherwise judged as that, there is no parallel arc fault, parallel arc fault judges end of subroutine；
Wherein the quantity of electric arc pulse is counted according to maximum minimum transition process, occurs the transformation of maximum minimum every time
Process, then electric arc number of pulses adds 1；The quantity foundation of electric arc mutation is examined with adjacent singular point of two periods without linear relationship
It surveys, every time appearance and adjacent singular point of two periods without linear relationship, then electric arc mutation quantity adds 1.
8. method for detecting arc as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the series arc faults judge subprogram
Include:
The feature of sampled data is obtained, the sampled data feature of acquisition includes electric arc pulse number, numerical value mutation number, singular point
Number, specified value point, zero point number, time domain data, frequency domain data, electric arc are mutated one or several in number；
By the feature and threshold value comparison of sampled data, the threshold value includes electric arc pulse counter threshold value, numerical value discontinuous counter device
Threshold value, singular point counter threshold, specified value point threshold value, zero point threshold value, time domain data threshold value, electric arc discontinuous counter device threshold
One or several in value, threshold value is corresponding with the feature of sampled data, when feature is consistent with threshold value, is judged as that there are electric arc weeks
Phase simultaneously counts arcing cycle；
Judge according to comparison result, if the counting of arcing cycle reaches arcing cycle threshold value, is judged as that there are serial arcs
Failure then issues tripping instruction, is otherwise judged as that there is no series arc faults then according to the adjustment of features threshold value of sampled data.
9. method for detecting arc as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that
Electric arc pulse is detected by judging whether there is the transition process of Min-max；
Numerical value mutation is detected by judging whether there is zero with nonzero value transition process；
Singular point is detected by comparing the value of the point value and adjacent two o'clock；
Specified value point includes position and the size for recording the numerical value that first reaches defined threshold with second；
Electric arc mutation is detected by judging whether there is the singular point with the two neighboring period without linear relationship.
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| CN107991587B (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2019-11-12 | 北京腾控科技有限公司 | A kind of fault arc detection method detected by electric arc pulse signal starting |
| CN108711822B (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2020-02-21 | 浙江中凯科技股份有限公司 | Residual current protection method and device and residual current protector |
| CN109581160B (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2020-10-09 | 应急管理部沈阳消防研究所 | Fault arc detection method |
| CN112782497B (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2023-06-30 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Arc detection device and self-checking method thereof |
| CN112763839A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2021-05-07 | 天津市中力神盾电子科技有限公司 | Fault arc detection method and device |
| CN112748360A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2021-05-04 | 天津市中力神盾电子科技有限公司 | Power distribution system fault detection method and device |
| CN111474451A (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-07-31 | 威胜集团有限公司 | Detection method and device for improving fault arc accuracy and readable storage medium |
| CN113933641A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-01-14 | 国网辽宁省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Power distribution network clearance time-varying arc light grounding fault simulation test method |
| CN115728627B (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2023-06-23 | 上海新联合电气有限公司 | Electric moving and static contact fault pre-judging system |
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