CN107368644B - Steel strand prestress detection method based on guided wave modal angle of forking - Google Patents
Steel strand prestress detection method based on guided wave modal angle of forking Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of steel strand prestress detection methods based on guided wave modal angle of forking, belong to steel strand prestress field.This method extracts longitudinal wave guide mode using two-dimensional Fourier transform, and the influence that analysis steel wire contact forces are distributed guided wave modal proposes the existing structure steel strand prestress detection method based on mode bifurcation angle.Longitudinal wave guide will appear apparent Mode variation in having prestress steel strand, normal direction contact force is influenced between by steel wire, there is mode missing at 500KHz frequency in single order In-plane modes, and tangential friction force makes single order In-plane modes occur mode bifurcation overlapping near 300KHz；The influence for considering steel strand wires screw pitch and steel wire coefficient of friction, establishes steel strand prestress computation model.Advantage of the present invention is the Mode variation rule propagated in steel strand wires according to guided wave under the conditions of different stretching forces, establishes the relationship between axial stretching force and single order In-plane modes angle of forking, is suitable for existing structure steel strand prestress level and detects.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to steel strand prestress fields, are related to a kind of steel strand prestress inspection based on guided wave modal angle of forking
Survey method.
Background technique
The detection of existing structure steel strand wires stress level is all the technical problem that engineering circles face for a long time, existing for
The stress distribution for runing structure steel strand wires detects research achievement, there is its scope of application.Such as Deng Nianchun, blue spring scenery etc. uses light
Fine grating monitors steel strand prestress, needs in steel strand manufacturing stage pre-buried optical fiber.Pang Guoying etc. uses magnetic flux detection method
Stress distribution in steel strand wires is detected, external prestressing structure is generally only applicable to.Zhang Benniu etc. examines steel strand wires
A part for oscillating circuit is considered, by the relationship of stress in frequency of oscillation and steel strand wires, to detect the prestressing force water of steel strand wires
It is flat, but frequency of oscillation is unobvious with prestress change, and interference signal is larger when detection.Supersonic guide-wave is that Recent study is more
A kind of structure lossless detection method, detect the bulk wave that uses compared to conventional ultrasonic wave, guided wave is more by waveguide medium boundary
Secondary reflection is formed, and mode solution is needed in view of stress boundary condition, and different stress generates different guided wave modal point
Cloth.The Dispersion by supersonic guide-wave in experimental study load steel strand wires such as Kwun, the longitudinal mode of steel strand wires after load
Band segment will appear missing.Claudio Nucera etc. has studied steel strand wires axial direction stretching force and excitation guided wave frequency multiplication energy ratio
Between relationship, and consider bonding concrete influence.He Cunfu etc. is established according to wave theory and Vocal cord injection
Corresponding relationship in steel strand wires between lowest-order longitudinal mode group velocity and steel strand wires stress, when steel strand wires stress is less than 500MPa
The preferable linear relationship of Shi Chengxian, but the horizontal context of detection of existing structure steel strand prestress is very few.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of, the steel strand prestress based on guided wave modal angle of forking is detected
Method is based on column waveguide theory, communication process of the guided wave in steel strand wires is simulated by finite element ABAQUS, using two-dimentional Fu
In leaf transformation to wave process carry out model analysis；Normal direction acts on and tangentially acts on the shadow being distributed to guided wave modal between comparison steel wire
It rings, analyzes the reason of axial stretching force acts on guided wave modal variation in lower steel strand wires；Existed according to guided wave under the conditions of different stretching forces
The Mode variation rule propagated in steel strand wires, establishes the mathematical relationship between axial stretching force and single order In-plane modes angle of forking
Formula is suitable for existing structure steel strand prestress level and detects.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
Steel strand prestress detection method based on guided wave modal angle of forking, method includes the following steps:
S1: the guided wave waveform of acquisition steel strand wires different location；
S2: signal processing is carried out by the guided wave waveform of collected multi-point signal, obtains guided wave modal；
S3: extracting the mode bifurcation angle in guided wave modal, by the relationship between mode bifurcation angle and steel strand wires tension, determines
The real-time stretching force of the steel strand wires.
Further, the step S2 specifically:
Two-dimensional time-space matrix is formed by extracting a series of node vibrations time-histories on guided waves propagation path, is passed through
Fourier transformation is carried out to the TIME HISTORY SIGNAL of single node, obtains the frequency spectrum of each position；The spectrum information of each position arranges
Matrix indicates, these column matrix are formed an array, then the spatial Fourier for the row vector that the element at given frequency is formed
Transformation gives wave-number spectrum, finally obtains frequency-wavenumber-amplitude spectrum；Three-dimensional matrice is projected to by frequency-wave using contour map
Number plane is to get the frequency-wavenumber figure for arriving calculated result；
The two-dimensional Fourier transform calculating process are as follows: H (k, f)=∫ ∫ a (z, t) e-i(ωt+kz)dzdt；H (k, f)=∫ ∫ a
(z,t)e-i(ωt+kz)dadt, in formula, a (z, t) is the axial acceleration time-histories of steel strand wires core wire each point, and the π of ω=2 f is circle
Frequency,For wave number, λ is wavelength.
Further, in the step S3 specifically:
S301: the cloud charts of guided wave modal are carried out to simplify processing；
S302: by by two-dimensional Fourier transform obtain comprising frequency-wavenumber-amplitude information three-dimensional matrice, by column
It is divided, and extracts the maximum value and maximum value position of each column；
S303: according to each column maximum value coordinate of the amplitude matrix acquired, drawing it in the scatter plot of frequency-wavenumber plane,
And subpoint is fitted using straight line, obtain mode bifurcation angle；
S304: the relation curve between fitted modal angle of forking and steel strand wires tangential friction force, according to tangential friction force with
The normal direction contact force of unit length is directly proportional to axial stretching force suffered by steel strand wires between the relationship at mode bifurcation angle, steel wire, obtains
To the stretching force detection formula of in-service prestressed structure:
A is steel strand wires cross-sectional area in formula, and μ is coefficient of friction, ρhFor the screw pitch of steel strand wires, NhTo act on steel strand wires
On axial stretching force, unit is newton, as the relationship between steel strand wires central axes stretching force and single order In-plane modes angle.
Further, the normal direction contact force between the steel wire makes single order In-plane modes occur mode at the position 500KHz scarce
It loses, and tangential friction force makes single order In-plane modes occur mode bifurcation overlapping phenomenon at the position 300KHz.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention is based on column waveguide theories, simulate guided wave by finite element ABAQUS
Communication process in steel strand wires carries out model analysis to wave process using two-dimensional Fourier transform；Normal direction between comparison steel wire
Effect acts on what guided wave modal in lower steel strand wires changed with the influence being distributed to guided wave modal, the axial stretching force of analysis is tangentially acted on
Reason；The Mode variation rule propagated in steel strand wires according to guided wave under the conditions of different stretching forces, establish axial stretching force with
Relationship between single order In-plane modes angle of forking is suitable for existing structure steel strand prestress level and detects.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to keep the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects clearer, the present invention provides following attached drawing and carries out
Illustrate:
Fig. 1 is steel strand wires core wire longitudinal wave theoretic frequency-wave number curve；
Fig. 2 is steel strand wires limited element calculation model；
Fig. 3 is axial stretching force amplitude curve；
Fig. 4 is that guided wave motivates load amplitude curve；
Fig. 5 is operating condition one；
Fig. 6 is operating condition two；
Fig. 7 is operating condition three；
Fig. 8 is the simplification of modal distribution figure；
Fig. 9 is that mode bifurcation angle calculates schematic diagram；
Figure 10 is 20% tensile strength standard value operating condition；
Figure 11 is 40% tensile strength standard value operating condition；
Figure 12 is 70% tensile strength standard value operating condition；
Figure 13 is tangential friction force and mode angle relation figure.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
1 guided wave modal solves and finite element signal processing method
1.1 longitudinal wave theoretical dispersion curves solve
Propagation of the wave in homogeneous isotropism elastic solid (Hookean body) medium, should meet Navier governing equation:
For elongated round bar, formula (1) is transformed under cylindrical coordinate:
In formula, ωr, ωθ, ωzRespectively three components of rotating vector.
There are In-plane modes, bending wave mode, torsional wave mode etc. when guided wave is propagated in elongated round bar, pass through solution
The characteristic equation of the available corresponding mode of governing equation under the conditions of corresponding boundary.The stress boundary condition of longitudinal wave guide can table
It is shown as:
σrr=σrz=0 (r=a) (5)
In formula, σrr, σrzFor the components of stress of periphery under cylindrical coordinate, a is round bar section radius.
By assuming that displacement field, by Hooke's law and stress boundary condition (5), the feature side of available longitudinal wave guide
Journey:
In formula, α2=ω2/cL 2-k2, β2=ω2/cT 2-k2,cLAnd cTRespectively longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave speed, ω are angular frequency
Rate, k are wave number, JnFor n rank Bessel function.
Numerical solution is carried out to formula (6) using Newton-decline method, obtains the frequency-wavenumber curve of longitudinal wave.Material parameter is such as
Shown in table 1, it is as shown in Figure 1 that solution obtains first three rank (1MHz or less) longitudinal wave theoretic frequency-wave number curve.
1 steel strand wires material parameter of table
The 1.2 finite element signal processings based on two-dimensional Fourier transform
Two-dimensional Fourier transform is a kind of effective ways of guided wave signals processing, can simultaneously be converted the signal of time-domain
Signal to frequency domain, spatial domain is transformed into wave-number domain, shown in calculating process such as formula (7).
H (k, f)=∫ ∫ a (z, t) e-i(ωt+kz)dzdt (7)
In formula, a (z, t) is the axial acceleration time-histories of steel strand wires core wire each point, and the π of ω=2 f is circular frequency,For wave number, λ is wavelength.
The realization process of two-dimension fourier transform is by extracting a series of node vibrations time-histories groups on guided waves propagation path
At two-dimensional time-space matrix, Fourier transformation is carried out by the TIME HISTORY SIGNAL to single node, obtains the frequency of each position
Rate spectrum.The spectrum information of each position is indicated with column matrix, these column matrix is formed an array, then the element at given frequency
The spatial Fourier transform of the row vector of formation gives wave-number spectrum, finally obtains frequency-wavenumber-amplitude spectrum.Using contour
Three-dimensional matrice is projected to frequency-wavenumber plane to get the frequency-wavenumber figure based on result of finite element is arrived by figure.
2 steel strand wires finite element models
The communication process of guided wave in 7 core steel strand wires, steel strand wires length L=are simulated using ABAQUS/Explicit software
520mm, screw pitch ρh=260mm, diameter D=15.2mm, individual wire diameter d=5.08mm do not consider that material damping influences, material
Material parameter is shown in Table 1, and finite element model is as shown in Figure 2.
According to the research of Datta et al., more accurately to capture fluctuation effect, each wavelength at least needs 8 meters
Operator node, i.e.,Mainly consider that maximum frequency is the frequency content of 500kHz in text, thenMeanwhile the contact between more preferable simulation steel wire, the net of contact area
Lattice should be encrypted further.Therefore, the axial unit size in steel strand wires edge is 1mm (being slightly larger than 0.92mm) in text, contact area
The minimum 0.1mm of unit size.After grid dividing, which is made of 1,745,623 8 node unit of hexahedron altogether.Product
The precision and stability that point time step solves fluctuation effect is affected, due to the complexity of strand structure, this literary grace
With full-automatic time of integration step-length.
Entire simulation process is divided into axial stretching force application, source forcing and guided waves propagation three phases.In order to simulate reality
The anchor situation of border steel strand wires, model are completely fixed using one end, and the other end only discharges axial displacement, and it is free to constrain other directions
Degree.Apply the area load of smooth amplitude curve in the non-fully fixing end of steel strand wires, simulate axial stretching force effect, which is
One semi-static load process, the generation of interference signal, load time are set as 300us in order to prevent, pass in wave excitation and wave
Amplitude remaining constant during broadcasting, as shown in Figure 3.In the core wire the center point of non-fully fixing end, the application duration is
The triangular pulse of 3us, as shown in Figure 4.According to the research of Tian Bo et al., to prevent guided wave signals from falling into oblivion because of prestressed disturbance
It goes out, when motivating guided wave in having loaded prestress wire, the energy level of pumping signal should be much higher than prestressed energy level.This
Literary grace triangular pulse power F (t)=Fxi+Fyj+FzK, wherein Fx=Fy=Fz.The wave communication process time is 700us.
When steel strand wires load, the active force between steel wire has a direct impact guided wave modal, and the contact action of steel strand wires is divided into
Normal direction effect and tangential effect, normal direction tangentially use coefficient of friction to carry out mould for 0.6 " penalizing " friction formula using " hard " contact
It is quasi-.
The analysis of 3 calculated results
Influence of the 3.1 steel wire contact forces to modal distribution
Steel strand wires are acted on by stretching force, and there are notable differences with core wire stress for peripheral steel wire, and guided wave is on each steel wire
Propagation mode it is also not identical.With the variation relation of pre-applied force, pre-applied force acts on to be caused this article analysis center steel wire guided wave modal
Peripheral steel wire to the active force of core wire, core wire is acted on by normal direction contact force and tangential friction force.
Analysis normal direction contact force and influence of the tangential contact force to guided wave modal first.Consider three kinds of operating conditions: (1) steel strand wires
Without stretching force；(2) steel strand wires have stretching force (1300MPa), have normal direction contact force between steel wire, but without tangential friction force；(3) steel twists
Line has stretching force (1300MPa), has normal direction contact force and tangential friction force between steel wire.
Load shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 is applied to steel strand wires end face shown in Fig. 2, is extracted on steel strand wires core wire central axis,
Away within the scope of excitation end 60mm-460mm, the node axial acceleration time-history curves a (z, t) that 400 spacing are 1mm constitutes two dimension
Matrix.Data processing is carried out to a (z, t) by two-dimensional Fourier transform (formula 7), obtaining steel strand wires core wire single order longitudinal wave has
The frequency-wavenumber figure of first calculated result is limited, as illustrated in figs. 5-7, dotted line is theoretic frequency-wave number curve in figure.
By Fig. 5,6 it is found that under the conditions of operating condition one and operating condition two, the single order In-plane modes of guided wave and elongated circle in steel strand wires
Theoretical mode in bar is coincide substantially in 500KHz following frequency range, does not occur Mode variation both, and in 500KHz
Excalation occurs for frequencies above part, mode.
As shown in Figure 7, it is keeping steel strand wires pre-applied force constant, while considering normal direction contact force and tangent direction friction between steel wire
When power, in 500KHz following frequency range, there is significant change, mode curve in steel strand wires core wire single order In-plane modes
There are bifurcation, same frequency is corresponding, and there are two wave numbers.And be higher than 500KHz frequency range, modal distribution then with operating condition
Two is identical.
In conjunction with the calculated result under three kinds of operating conditions it is found that the normal direction contact force between steel wire can make core wire single order longitudinal wave
Mode lacks near frequency 500KHz, and tangential friction force generates single order In-plane modes near frequency 300KHz
Bifurcated overlapping.The main reason for causing Mode variation is that the stress boundary condition of core wire is changed, free steel wire
Stress boundary condition is calculated by formula (5), and the contact force between each steel wire of steel strand wires sets up formula (5) no longer, so that
Mode occurs lacking or be overlapped, and by the corresponding relationship established between stress boundary condition and mode defect, can carry out pre-
Stress identification.
The relationship of 3.2 steel strand wires pre-applied forces and mode bifurcation angle
The steel strand wires of normal use stress after tensioning is identical as operating condition three, exists longitudinal between steel wire and tangentially connects
Touch.Compare the modal distribution for having pre-applied force effect and unstress state core wire, variation is mainly shown as two o'clock, one
It is to occur mode bifurcation phenomenon near 300KHz；The second is occurring mode missing near 500KHz.In contrast,
The mode bifurcation angle that 300KHz nearby occurs is easier to performance steel strand wires stress difference, will be quantified by mode bifurcation angle in text
Steel strand wires stress state.
Accurately to calculate mode bifurcation angle, need to carry out modal distribution cloud atlas in Fig. 7 to simplify processing.Two-dimentional Fu will be passed through
In leaf transformation obtain comprising frequency-wavenumber-amplitude information three-dimensional matrice, divided by column, and extract the maximum of each column
Value and maximum value position.According to each column maximum value coordinate of the amplitude matrix acquired, it is drawn in the scatterplot of frequency-wavenumber plane
Figure, and subpoint is fitted using a beeline y=kx+b.Mode bifurcation phenomenon mainly appears on 200KHz to 400KHz frequency
In range, also the frequency band mode will be carried out in text to simplify processing.
It is as shown in Figure 8 after simplifying to Fig. 7 mode cloud atlas 200KHz-400KH frequency range.Define two straight line L (0,1,1) and L
The angle of cut between (0,1,2) is single order In-plane modes angle, as shown in Figure 9.
In engineering commonly use steel strand wires tensile strength standard value be 1860MPa, respectively carry out 10%, 20%, 30%,
40%, steel strand wires guided waves propagation mode under 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100% tensile strength standard value load action
Analysis simplifies extracting method by mode above and carries out data processing, as a result as shown in figs. 10-12.Calculate straight line L (0,1,1) and L
(0,1,2) each parameter is as shown in table 2.
2 reduced parameter computational chart of table
The main reason for influencing mode bifurcation angle is tangential friction force between steel wire, as shown in Table 2, single order In-plane modes bifurcated
Angle increases with tangential friction force, is in increase tendency, the relation curve between fitted modal angle of forking and steel strand wires tangential friction force
As shown in figure 13.When tangential friction force is smaller, mode bifurcation phenomenon is unobvious, using the bifurcated angle error for simplifying method calculating
It is larger, therefore, for the angle of forking abnormal problem that 10% load in Figure 13 occurs, the point is not accounted in curve matching.?
To the relational expression of following tangential friction force and mode bifurcation angle:
τ=22.76 × θ3.275 (8)
According to the research achievement of S.Machida and A.J.Durelli, in 7 core steel strand wires, the normal direction contact force between steel wire
(unit length) is directly proportional to axial stretching force suffered by steel strand wires:
In formula, NhTo act on the axial stretching force on steel strand wires, ρhFor the screw pitch of steel strand wires, A is steel strand wires cross section face
Product.
When simulating the tangential effect between steel strand wires using " penalizing " friction formula, in not up to critical tangential friction force, cut
It is directly proportional to normal direction contact force to frictional force:
In formula, μ is coefficient of friction.
By (8) formula and (11) Shi Ke get:
N in formulahUnit is newton, as the relationship between steel strand wires central axes stretching force and single order In-plane modes angle.
On the basis of having steel strand wires screw pitch and steel strand wires material coefficient of friction, in-service pre- answer can be carried out using formula (12)
The stretching force of power structure detects.
4 conclusions
(1) longitudinal wave guide will appear apparent Mode variation in having prestress steel strand, and the normal direction contact force between steel wire makes
It obtains single order In-plane modes and occurs mode missing at the position 500KHz, and tangential friction force makes single order In-plane modes in 300KHz
Nearby there is mode bifurcation overlapping phenomenon.
(2) increase with steel strand wires tangential friction force, the mode bifurcation angle at the position 300KHz is gradually increased, therebetween
Meet power function relationship, considers the influence of coefficient of friction between steel strand wires screw pitch and steel wire, steel strand wires pre-applied force can be by Nh=22.76
×ρh×θ3.275/ μ is calculated.
Finally, it is stated that preferred embodiment above is only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and not to limit it, although logical
It crosses above preferred embodiment the present invention is described in detail, however, those skilled in the art should understand that, can be
Various changes are made to it in form and in details, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range.
Claims (1)
1. the steel strand prestress detection method based on guided wave modal angle of forking, it is characterised in that: method includes the following steps:
S1: the guided wave waveform of acquisition steel strand wires different location；
S2: signal processing is carried out by the guided wave waveform of collected multi-point signal, obtains guided wave modal；
S3: the mode bifurcation angle extracted in guided wave modal determines the steel by the relationship between mode bifurcation angle and steel strand wires tension
The real-time stretching force of twisted wire；
The step S2 specifically:
Two-dimensional time-space matrix is formed by extracting a series of node vibrations time-histories on guided waves propagation path, by list
The TIME HISTORY SIGNAL of one node carries out two-dimensional Fourier transform, obtains the frequency spectrum of each position；The spectrum information of each position arranges
Matrix indicates, these column matrix are formed an array, then the spatial Fourier for the row vector that the element at given frequency is formed
Transformation gives wave-number spectrum, finally obtains frequency-wavenumber-amplitude spectrum；Three-dimensional matrice is projected to by frequency-wave using contour map
Number plane is to get the frequency-wavenumber figure for arriving calculated result；
The two-dimensional Fourier transform calculating process are as follows: H (k, f)=∫ ∫ a (z, t) e-i(ωt+kz)Dzdt, in formula, a (z, t) is steel
The axial acceleration time-histories of twisted wire core wire each point, the π of ω=2 f are circular frequency,For wave number, λ is wavelength, and t is
Time, z are axial displacement；
In the step S3 specifically:
S301: the cloud charts of guided wave modal are carried out to simplify processing；
S302: by by two-dimensional Fourier transform obtain comprising frequency-wavenumber-amplitude information three-dimensional matrice, carried out by column
It divides, and extracts the maximum value and maximum value position of each column；
S303: according to each column maximum value coordinate of the amplitude matrix acquired, it is drawn in the scatter plot of frequency-wavenumber plane, and adopt
Subpoint is fitted with straight line, obtains mode bifurcation angle；
S304: the relation curve between fitted modal angle of forking and steel strand wires tangential friction force, according to tangential friction force and mode
The normal direction contact force of unit length is directly proportional to axial stretching force suffered by steel strand wires between the relationship of angle of forking, steel wire, obtains
Use as a servant the stretching force detection formula of prestressed structure:
A is steel strand wires cross-sectional area in formula, and μ is coefficient of friction, ρhFor the screw pitch of steel strand wires, NhTo act on steel strand wires
Axial stretching force, unit are newton, and σ is stress, and θ is mode bifurcation angle, as steel strand wires central axes stretching force and single order longitudinal wave
Relationship between mode angle；
The normal direction contact force of unit length makes single order In-plane modes occur mode missing at the position 500KHz between the steel wire,
And tangential friction force makes single order In-plane modes occur mode bifurcation overlapping phenomenon at the position 300KHz.
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| CN109916550A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-06-21 | 重庆交通大学 | Steel twisted-line tension-force detection method based on supersonic guide-wave energy entropy-spectrum |
| CN110220629B (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2020-11-17 | 重庆交通大学 | Steel strand stress detection method based on guided wave singular value vector distance |
| CN111707733B (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2023-09-05 | 湘潭大学 | Method for detecting prestress of steel strand under bridge anchor |
| CN115114721B (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2024-02-23 | 西安交通大学 | Blade multi-mode maximum stress prediction method and system based on non-contact measurement |
| CN115560890B (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2024-01-09 | 北京工业大学 | Steel strand prestress identification method based on ultrasonic guide wave energy leakage ratio |
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