CN107365216A - 一种防治蔬菜、茶叶病虫害的中草药农药肥料及制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种防治蔬菜、茶叶病虫害的中草药农药肥料及制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于中药技术领域,特别涉及一种防治蔬菜、茶叶病虫害的中草药农药肥料及制备工艺。该防治蔬菜、茶叶病虫害的中草药农药肥料,其活性成分由:百部、烟草、芫花、山椒、辣蓼草、荆芥、麦芽、稀土、白汤土、神曲,苦参,地榆制成。该防治蔬菜、茶叶病虫害的中草药农药肥料的防虫、杀虫卵药效显著、无残留、低毒、绿色环保、可广泛驱除、抑制蔬菜及茶叶上的病虫害,从源头上实现了病虫害抑制,防虫杀虫谱广,同时可提高土壤肥力,增产增收。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明属于中药技术领域,特别涉及一种防治蔬菜、茶叶病虫害的中草药农药肥料及制备工艺。
(二)背景技术
随着环境的变化,现在农业和林业病虫害加剧,国内在此类病虫害防治及杀灭过程中较多的使用化学杀虫剂,毒副作用大,危及人和动物的生命健康安全;与此同时,大量此类杀虫剂的污染,也造成了土地和水源的严重污染,进一步加剧了环境的恶化。
化学杀虫剂在施用方面,成本高、药效时间短,在植物尤其蔬菜、茶叶、瓜果树表面滞留时间长,难以分解,连续的施用带来了严重后果,易造成人畜患病、病虫抗药性、耐药性提高问题,而解决病虫耐药性问题的办法又会不断的提升化学杀虫剂毒性和种类,循环施用,进一步加剧了上述污染和危害。
为保证人们的健康及环境质量的提升,农业、林业生产研究方面亟需高效、低毒、环境友好的病虫害抑制剂,从源头上把控病虫害的入侵,减少病虫害发生后再去杀灭的困难。现有报道的中药杀虫剂种类各异,效果层次不齐,杀菌谱窄,施用剂量大,对土壤质量及肥效影响大,施用方式单一,效果不显著,造成一定的资源浪费。
(三)发明内容
本发明为了弥补现有技术的不足,提供了一种防治蔬菜、茶叶病虫害的中草药农药肥料及制备工艺,该防治蔬菜、茶叶病虫害的中草药农药肥料的防虫、杀虫卵药效显著、无残留、低毒、绿色环保、可广泛驱除、抑制蔬菜及茶叶上的病虫害,从源头上实现了病虫害抑制,防虫杀虫谱广,同时可提高土壤肥力,增产增收,解决了现有技术中存在的问题。
本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的:
一种防治蔬菜、茶叶病虫害的中草药农药肥料,其活性成分由如下重量份数的原料制成:百部10-150份、烟草100-150份、芫花90-150份、山椒60-90份、辣蓼草100-150份、荆芥100-150份、麦芽30-50份、稀土100-150份、白汤土100-150份、神曲60-80份,苦参100-200份,地榆60-110份。
优选的,该防治蔬菜、茶叶病虫害的中草药农药肥料的活性成分由如下重量份数的原料制成:百部70份、烟草125份、芫花120份、山椒75份、辣蓼草125份、荆芥125份、麦芽40份、稀土125份、白汤土130份、神曲70份,苦参150份,地榆85份。
该防治蔬菜、茶叶病虫害的中草药农药肥料的制备工艺,包括如下操作步骤:
(1)按上述重量份数,分别称取各原料,干燥、粉碎至200-400目,混合并搅拌均得混合料;
(2)向步骤(1)混合料中加入与混合料等重量份数的自来水,手动搅拌使混合料全部浸入水中,然后搅拌打浆至均,于25-30℃条件下静置发酵25-30天;
(3)将步骤(2)发酵的料液过滤,升清去浊,得清液和浊料,清液备用;将浊料在30-40℃条件下烘干,得浊料干粉,即得。
用法用量:清液为农药肥料水剂,进行叶面喷洒,洒匀至整个叶面;浊料干粉为农药肥料散剂,按200g-600g/株穴施或者沟施,根部施用。
本发明各活性成分的药用性能如下:
百部:性味:甘、苦,微温。归肺经。有小毒。功能主治:润肺下气止咳,杀虫。用于新久咳嗽,肺痨咳嗽,百日咳;外用于头虱,体虱,蛲虫病,阴痒。蜜百部润肺止咳。用于阴虚劳嗽。
烟草:性味:辛,温。有毒。功能主治:消肿解毒,杀虫。用于疔疮肿毒,头癣,白癣,秃疮,毒蛇咬伤。灭钉螺、蚊、蝇、老鼠。
芫花:辛苦,温,有毒。归肺、脾、肾经。治心腹胀满,去水气,利五脏寒痰,涕唾如胶者。主通利血脉,治恶疮风痹湿,一切毒风,四肢挛急,不能行步,能泻水肿胀满。
山椒:也称辣椒草。性味:味淡;性平;功能主治:清热解毒;止咳平喘;止血。主扁桃体炎;咽喉炎;黄疸型肝炎;咳喘;肺结核;新星疮;外伤出血。
辣蓼草:性味:辛,温。功能主治:消肿止痛。治肿疡,痢疾腹痛。
荆芥:性味:辛,温。性味:辛,温。功能主治:发表,祛风,理血;炒炭止血。治感冒发热,头痛,咽喉肿痛,中风口噤,吐血,衄血,便血;崩漏,产后血晕;痈肿,疮疥,瘰疬。荆芥穗效用相同,惟发散之力较强。
麦芽:性味:甘,微温。入脾、胃经。功能主治:消食,和中,下气。治食积不消,脘腹胀满,食欲不振,呕吐泄泻,乳胀不消。
稀土:亦称东壁土,古旧房屋东边墙上的土,含有铜、铁、镁等矿物质和微量元素。气味:甘、湿、无毒。功能主治:突然心痛;吐泻烦闷,药物中毒,中乌头毒;目中翳膜;脱肛;痱子痒;耳疮唇疮;瘰疬流水;各种恶疮;背痈等。
神曲:性味:甘辛,温。入脾、胃经。功能主治:健脾和胃,消食调中。治饮食停滞,胸痞腹胀,呕吐泻痢,产后瘀血腹痛,小儿腹大坚积。
苦参:性味:苦,寒。入肝、肾、大肠、小肠经。功能主治:清热,燥湿,杀虫。治热毒血痢,肠风下血,黄疸,赤白带下,小儿肺炎,疳积,急性扁桃体炎,痔漏,脱肛,皮肤瘙痒,疥癞恶疮,阴疮湿痒,瘰疬,烫伤。外治滴虫性阴道炎。
地榆:性味:苦酸,寒。入肝、大肠经。功能主治:凉血上血,清热解毒。治吐血,衄血,血痢,崩漏,肠风,痔漏,痈肿,湿疹,金疮,烧伤。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明防治蔬菜、茶叶病虫害的中草药农药肥料所用活性原料按中药君臣佐使比例配伍,烟草、辣蓼草、荆芥、稀土、白汤土、苦参为君药,主防虫、抑菌杀虫,起驱虫避害之功效,可有效除去蔬菜及茶叶上的害虫卵,驱虫、避免病虫害的发生、发展;百部、芫花、地榆为臣药,主要起到增加叶绿素的光合作用,增加各种害虫厌恶的气味,达到害虫远离植物的作用,加上根部药肥增加根瘤菌,促进植物吸收活力,根茎叶产生平衡协调,达到最佳生长状态;山椒、麦芽、神曲为佐使,与前述君药、臣药相互融合,协同配合,共奏驱虫、杀虫(卵)、避害效用。
上述中药活性成分防虫害效果显著,通过特殊制备及发酵处理,喷施的清液中含有易挥发、易溶的多种有效成分,可与蔬菜及茶叶液面充分接触,充分发挥药效的同时,在空气和土壤中易分解、无蓄积,无污染,且不会破坏土壤肥力,绿色环保,进一步增强了蔬菜及茶叶的防病、抗病能力,促进了蔬菜及茶叶叶子的生长,增产增收,改善了蔬菜及茶叶品质;而沟施或穴施的浊料干粉中含有大量纤维素、半纤维素及生物碱、皂甙类、内脂类等有益成分,通过土壤中的湿润环境进行释放,与蔬菜及茶叶的根部接触,输送至茎叶,发挥防虫抗虫功效,同时润入土壤中的上述各成分增加根瘤菌,促进植物吸收活力,可提升土壤品质,增强肥力,使蔬菜和茶叶充分吸收,促进生长。
本发明防治蔬菜、茶叶病虫害的中草药农药肥料为开创了防治植物病虫害的又一新颖植保农药肥料;无抗药性,植物作用于植物,对植物不产生抗药性;采用中草药清液和粉末,在生产过程中无三废;按中草药的特性,采取先进的低温生产工艺和配制发酵方法,确保使用后无农药残留,无药害、无污染,在农药领域中占领先地位,是未来农业种植产业发展的方向;稳定性:利用我国广阔的中草药资源,从药材源头开始有计划的实施,实现可持续发展的稳定;价格低廉,制造工艺简单,使用方便,防虫施肥一步到位;能有效用于抑制蔬菜、茶叶等植物病害虫的发生;该农药肥料中含有生物碱、皂甙类、内脂类、蛋白类、挥发油类等成分,保证了在较小剂量使用的基础上,达到极好的施用效果。该农药肥料主要调节植物生长结构,强壮植物的根、茎、叶、果实,从源头上杜绝了病虫害的发生,最终达到扶正祛邪,抑制病菌,百虫不生,彻底摆脱使用强效农药带来的危害,实现真正意义上的绿色无公害产品。
(四)具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但本发明并不局限于此。
实施例1:
一种防治蔬菜、茶叶病虫害的中草药农药肥料,其活性成分由如下重量的原料制成:
百部70Kg、烟草125Kg、芫花120Kg、山椒75Kg、辣蓼草125Kg、荆芥125Kg、麦芽40Kg、稀土125Kg、白汤土130Kg、神曲70Kg,苦参150Kg,地榆85Kg。
该防治蔬菜、茶叶病虫害的中草药农药肥料的制备工艺,包括如下操作步骤:
(1)按上述重量,分别称取各原料,干燥、粉碎至400目,混合并搅拌均得混合料;
(2)向步骤(1)混合料中加入与混合料等重量的自来水,手动搅拌使混合料全部浸入水中,然后搅拌打浆至均,于27℃条件下静置发酵28天;
(3)将步骤(2)发酵的料液过滤,升清去浊,得清液和浊料,清液备用;将浊料在35℃条件下烘干9h,得浊料干粉,即得。
用法用量:清液为农药肥料水剂,进行叶面喷洒,洒匀至整个叶面;浊料干粉为农药肥料散剂,按200g/株穴施或者沟施,根部施用。
实施例2:
一种防治蔬菜、茶叶病虫害的中草药农药肥料,其活性成分由如下重量的原料制成:
百部10Kg、烟草100Kg、芫花90Kg、山椒60Kg、辣蓼草100Kg、荆芥100Kg、麦芽30Kg、稀土100Kg、白汤土100Kg、神曲60Kg,苦参100Kg,地榆60Kg。
该防治蔬菜、茶叶病虫害的中草药农药肥料的制备工艺,包括如下操作步骤:
(1)按上述重量,分别称取各原料,干燥、粉碎至200目,混合并搅拌均得混合料;
(2)向步骤(1)混合料中加入与混合料等重量的自来水,手动搅拌使混合料全部浸入水中,然后搅拌打浆至均,于25℃条件下静置发酵30天;
(3)将步骤(2)发酵的料液过滤,升清去浊,得清液和浊料,清液备用;将浊料在30℃条件下烘干10h,得浊料干粉,即得。
用法用量:清液为农药肥料水剂,进行叶面喷洒,洒匀至整个叶面;浊料干粉为农药肥料散剂,按400g/株穴施或者沟施,根部施用。
实施例3
一种防治蔬菜、茶叶病虫害的中草药农药肥料,其活性成分由如下重量的原料制成:
百部150Kg、烟草150Kg、芫花150Kg、山椒90Kg、辣蓼草150Kg、荆芥150Kg、麦芽50Kg、稀土150Kg、白汤土150Kg、神曲80Kg,苦参200Kg,地榆110Kg。
该防治蔬菜、茶叶病虫害的中草药农药肥料的制备工艺,包括如下操作步骤:
(1)按上述重量,分别称取各原料,干燥、粉碎至300目,混合并搅拌均得混合料;
(2)向步骤(1)混合料中加入与混合料等重量的自来水,手动搅拌使混合料全部浸入水中,然后搅拌打浆至均,于30℃条件下静置发酵25天;
(3)将步骤(2)发酵的料液过滤,升清去浊,得清液和浊料,清液备用;将浊料在40℃条件下烘干7h,得浊料干粉,即得。
用法用量:清液为农药肥料水剂,进行叶面喷洒,洒匀至整个叶面;浊料干粉为农药肥料散剂,按600g/株穴施或者沟施,根部施用。
实施例4
一种防治蔬菜、茶叶病虫害的中草药农药肥料,其活性成分由如下重量的原料制成:
百部40Kg、烟草115Kg、芫花105Kg、山椒68Kg、辣蓼草115Kg、荆芥115Kg、麦芽35Kg、稀土115Kg、白汤土115Kg、神曲65Kg,苦参125Kg,地榆68Kg。
制备方法和用法用量同实施例1。
实施例5
一种防治蔬菜、茶叶病虫害的中草药农药肥料,其活性成分由如下重量的原料制成:
百部110Kg、烟草135Kg、芫花135Kg、山椒83Kg、辣蓼草135Kg、荆芥135Kg、麦芽45Kg、稀土135Kg、白汤土145Kg、神曲75Kg,苦参175Kg,地榆95Kg。
制备方法和用法用量同实施例2。
防虫及肥效效果验证:
分别对西红柿、大白菜、韭菜、茄子、辣椒以及茶叶种植园区域内进行间隔喷洒叶面实验,现选取上述3种蔬菜种植园和茶叶种植园的实验情况进行介绍,具体实验如下:
一、西红柿园区
选取日照东港区某西红柿种植区的1亩露天种植区进行本发明防治蔬菜、茶叶病虫害的中草药农药肥料的喷洒及施肥,同时,选取同一园区的另外4组1亩与该西红柿种植区种植条件、土壤状况相同的种植区进行对照。该4组西红柿种植区分别喷施本发明清液、施用本发明浊料干粉、施用现有“时科西红柿番茄专用叶面肥料”、不施肥。
喷施本发明清液的西红柿种植区标记为对照组1;施用本发明浊料干粉的西红柿种植区标记为对照组2;施用现有“时科西红柿番茄专用叶面肥料”的西红柿种植区标记为对照组3。对照组1与本发明清液施用量相同,对照组2与本发明浊料干粉施用量相同,对照组3按肥料要求进行施用,对照组4不施肥。
上述西红柿品种为为英石大红。本发明肥料以及对照组1-2肥料的清液施用时机为果子成熟前定期间隔施用,浊料干粉在种植后1周沟施。
对施用上述各肥料的各种植区的无虫率等指标进行统计,统计结果如表1:
表1西红柿种植区防虫及肥效效果
上述指标计算方式:无虫率为每平米植物上虫子或虫卵数。
虫害占比=叶面有虫害眼的株数/总株数。
二、大白菜园区
选取日照开发区某大白菜种植区的1亩种植区进行本发明防治蔬菜、茶叶病虫害的中草药农药肥料的喷洒及施肥,同时,选取同一园区的另外4组1亩与该大白菜种植区种植条件、土壤状况相同的种植区进行对照,该4组大白菜种植区分别喷施本发明清液、施用本发明浊料干粉、施用现有“75%百菌清可湿性粉剂600倍液”、不施肥。
喷施本发明清液的大白菜种植区标记为对照组1,施用本发明浊料干粉的大白菜种植区标记为对照组2,施用现有“75%百菌清可湿性粉剂600倍液”的大白菜种植区标记为对照组3。对照组1与本发明清液施用量相同,对照组2与本发明浊料干粉施用量相同,对照组3按肥料要求进行施用,对照组4不施肥。
本发明肥料以及对照组1-2肥料的清液施用时机为长叶后每周间隔施用,浊料干粉在种植后1周沟施。
对施用上述各肥料的各种植区的无虫率进行统计,统计结果如表2:
表2大白菜种植区防虫及肥效效果
上述指标计算方式:无虫率为每平米植物上虫子或虫卵数。
虫害占比=叶面有虫害眼的株数/总株数。
三、韭菜
选取日照东港区某韭菜种植区的1亩露天种植区进行本发明防治蔬菜、茶叶病虫害的中草药农药肥料的喷洒及施肥,同时,选取同一园区的另外4组1亩与该韭菜种植区种植条件、土壤状况相同的种植区进行对照。该4组韭菜种植区分别喷施本发明清液、施用本发明浊料干粉、施用“5%高效大功臣可湿性粉剂1000倍液”、不施肥。
喷施本发明清液的韭菜种植区标记为对照组1;施用本发明浊料干粉的韭菜种植区标记为对照组2;施用“5%高效大功臣可湿性粉剂1000倍液”的韭菜种植区标记为对照组3。对照组1与本发明清液施用量相同,对照组2与本发明浊料干粉施用量相同,对照组3按肥料要求进行施用,对照组4不施肥。
本发明肥料以及对照组1-2肥料的清液施用时机为长叶后每周间隔施用,浊料干粉在种植后1周沟施。
对施用上述各肥料的各种植区的无虫率等指标进行统计,统计结果如表3:
表3韭菜种植区防虫及肥效效果
上述指标计算方式:无虫率为每平米植物上虫子或虫卵数。
虫害占比=叶面有虫害眼的株数/总株数。
四、茶叶种植园
选取日照岚山区巨峰某绿茶种植区的1亩露天种植区进行本发明防治蔬菜、茶叶病虫害的中草药农药肥料的喷洒及施肥,同时,选取同一园区的另外3组1亩与该绿茶种植区种植条件、土壤状况相同的种植区进行对照。该3组绿茶种植区分别喷施本发明清液、施用本发明浊料干粉、不施肥。
喷施本发明清液的绿茶种植区标记为对照组1;施用本发明浊料干粉的绿茶种植区标记为对照组2;不施肥绿茶种植区标记为对照组3。对照组1与本发明清液施用量相同,对照组2与本发明浊料干粉施用量相同,对照组3不施肥。
本发明肥料以及对照组1-2肥料的清液施用时机为出芽期前每两天间隔施用,浊料干粉在种植后1周穴施。
对施用上述各肥料的各种植区的无虫率等指标进行统计,统计结果如表4:
表4绿茶种植区防虫及肥效效果
上述指标计算方式:无虫率为每平米植物上虫子或虫卵数。
虫害占比=叶面有虫害眼的株数/总株数。
综上,本发明防治蔬菜、茶叶病虫害的中草药农药肥料对蔬菜及茶叶驱虫、防虫、杀虫效果显著,实现了无虫害、低虫害、高产、无污染、环保的目的,经济及社会效益显著。
Claims (3)
1.一种防治蔬菜、茶叶病虫害的中草药农药肥料,其特征是:其活性成分由如下重量份数的原料制成:
百部10-150份、烟草100-150份、芫花90-150份、山椒60-90份、辣蓼100-150份、荆芥100-150份、麦芽30-50份、稀土100-150份、白土100-150份、神曲60-80份,苦参100-200份,地榆60-110份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防治蔬菜、茶叶病虫害的中草药农药肥料,其特征是:其活性成分由如下重量份数的原料制成:百部70份、烟草125份、芫花120份、山椒75份、辣蓼125份、荆芥125份、麦芽40份、稀土125份、白土130份、神曲70份,苦参150份,地榆85份。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的防治蔬菜、茶叶病虫害的中草药农药肥料的制备工艺,其特征是:包括如下操作步骤:
(1)按上述重量份数,分别称取各原料,干燥、粉碎至200-400目,混合并搅拌均得混合料;
(2)向步骤(1)混合料中加入与混合料等重量份数的自来水,手动搅拌使混合料全部浸入水中,然后搅拌打浆至均,于25-30℃条件下静置发酵25-30天;
(3)将步骤(2)发酵的料液过滤,升清去浊,得清液和浊料,清液备用;将浊料在30-40℃条件下烘干,得浊料干粉,即得。
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