CN107359987A - Continuous variable quantum key distribution multidimensional machinery of consultation under finite dimensional effect - Google Patents
Continuous variable quantum key distribution multidimensional machinery of consultation under finite dimensional effect Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0838—Key agreement, i.e. key establishment technique in which a shared key is derived by parties as a function of information contributed by, or associated with, each of these
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0819—Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s)
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Abstract
The invention discloses continuous variable quantum key distribution multidimensional machinery of consultation under a kind of finite dimensional effect, on the basis of using the distribution of original continuous key, the scheme consulted is tieed up using d, by adjusting the modulation variance of light path to original variance of modulatingTimes, so that the signal to noise ratio of the pseudo channel after adjustment is consistent with the signal to noise ratio of original light path, the safety problem of continuous variable key distribution system caused by signal to noise ratio mismatch problem and key rate decline problem caused by so as to eliminate quantum channel caused by dimension is limited under multidimensional machinery of consultation and consult pseudo channel, by the multidimensional machinery of consultation in Data Post stage, the operations such as secrecy is strengthened generate final key rate.The present invention have it is easy and effective, it is easily operated, while solve safety issue of the continuous variable key distribution multidimensional machinery of consultation in the case of finite dimensional, improve the security of system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to computer information technology field, specifically, more particularly to a kind of continuous variable quantum key point
It is safe more under finite dimension effect to send out (CVQKD, Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution)
Tie up machinery of consultation.
Background technology
Under the background that computer information technology develops rapidly, requirement of the information technology to Information Security increasingly increases.
Due to can physically ensure the Unconditional security of quantum communications so that quantum key distribution (QKD) is used as quantum communications
Important branch have been to be concerned by more and more people.
QKD technologies can be divided into two classes on the whole：Discrete variable quantum key distribution (DVQKD) and continuous variable quantum are close
Key distributes (CVQKD).For discrete variable quantum key distribution technology, CVQKD has potential high code check and classical optical fiber
The extraordinary confluent feature of communication network.Therefore CVQKD attracted in world wide many research institutions to its it is theoretical and
Application technology conducts in-depth research.Also just because of these reasons so that continuous variable quantum key distribution turns into quantum
One important research branch of the communication technology.
At present, the main bottleneck of CVQKD systems is in the Data Post stage：First, negotiation efficiency determines quantum communications
Transmission range and key rate；In addition, high negotiation speed is to realize the necessary condition of high code check CVQKD systems.Therefore consult to calculate
The performance of method has become limitation CVQKD finally into the principal element of code check and safe distance.
In CVQKD systems, because the quantum signal of quantum channel transmission is very faint, in the distant feelings of transmission range
Under condition, the signal to noise ratio of CVQKD systems is generally in very low level.In order in the extremely low environment of signal to noise ratio from raw information
Middle extraction key, it is necessary to using with the algorithm in the case where signal to noise ratio is extremely low with high negotiation efficiency.In view of this consideration,
Prior art be typically employed in signal to noise ratio it is extremely low in the case of have very high negotiation efficiency multidimensional negotiation algorithm.
In CVQKD systems, the information being modulated on quantum signal is continuous variable, in order to obtain final key,
In the presence of a process how continuous variable is converted to discrete variable.Different traditional negotiation algorithms are by continuous variable amount
The way of discrete variable is melted into, but directly carries out key agreement using continuous variable.The main thought of multidimensional machinery of consultation is
The equally distributed variable space is become into an equally distributed variable space by mapping, and in this equally distributed sky
Between in, select the equally distributed code word space of prior probability.By such operation, stochastic variable and code word space are all uniform
Distribution, so when in common authentication transmission side information, listener-in can not obtain extra amount of correlated information.So
Way cause multidimensional is consulted can be easily operated to hold by the ripe channel coding technology of existing traditional communication art
OK.
In multidimensional negotiation, rotated by the way that continuous variable is tieed up by d, in common authentication channel switch side information, so
Just set up a binary pseudo channel.Because the dimension d in multidimensional machinery of consultation is limited, at this time pseudo channel
Valency not may result in the signal to noise ratio of quantum channel and pseudo channel not in binary system Gauss additive white Gaussian noise channel
Match somebody with somebody, our this effects are referred to as finite dimension effect.This effect will eventually lead to the too high assessment of key rate and introduce CVQKD systems
Physical security problem.
The content of the invention
For in the prior art the defects of, it is an object of the invention to provide continuous variable quantum under a kind of finite dimensional effect
Key distributes multidimensional machinery of consultation, is that a kind of modulation variance by adjusting original light path is eliminated due to being tieed up in multidimensional machinery of consultation
The method of finite dimension effect caused by number d is limited, in order to resist the physical security problem that this finite dimension effect introduces, this
Invention is 4/3 times of original light path by adjusting the adjustment variance of light path so that the signal to noise ratio of pseudo channel and originally virtual
The signal to noise ratio of channel is consistent.The negotiation efficiency of CVQKD systems, the mutual information between transmitting terminal and receiving terminal will not so be changed
It can occur slightly to change with the information content of attacker's eavesdropping, the key of CVQKD systems will not substantially change, and thus remove
The security of system problem caused by finite dimension effect caused by dimension d in multidimensional machinery of consultation, the CVQKD systems of raising
Security.
To achieve the above object, the present invention is realized according to following technical method：
Continuous variable quantum key distribution multidimensional machinery of consultation under a kind of finite dimensional effect, it is characterised in that including such as
Lower step：
S1：According to original light path parameter, the modulation variance of light path is adjusted to original optical path modulation varianceTimes；
S2：The primary key X and Y of transmitting terminal and receiving terminal are become and turn to d dimensional vectors；
S3：Transmitting terminal and receiving terminal primary key X and Y normalized, the d dimensional vectors after being normalized,Wherein
S4：Equally distributed code word u and transmission map M are generated, receiving terminal quantum is truly random in the case of reverse consult
Number generator randomly selects d dimensional vectors in d n-dimensional sphere nsAnd calculate mapping M (y, u) and meet M (y, u) y=
U, then being mapping through common authentication transmission to transmitting terminal；
S5：The errors of form v that transmitting terminal obtains, due to receiving terminal by common authentication transmission mapping M (y, u) to hair
Sending end, transmitting terminal calculate M (y, u) x=v, and v is u errors of form；
S6：Set up by S5 operation using u as input, v is output binary system pseudo channel；
S7：Error correction is decoded using the LDPC code close to shannon limit, a LDPC BP decoder is constructed by LDPC code,
Decoder inputs the prior probability L (C of initial code wordi), check matrix H and check information, and decoding iteration number is determined, no
Update the information of variable node and check-node with stopping, the variable node information of renewal is：
The check-node information of renewal is：
Until updating discriminative information：
Wherein L (qi) discriminative information that is calculated is represented, to L (qi) carry out 0-1 adjudicate to obtain key string, afterwards by it
It is whether successfully decoded with multilevel iudge.
It is that the pseudo channel that u outputs are v constructions is not equal to binary system with input in step S2 in above-mentioned technical proposal
Gauss additive white Gaussian noise channel is inputted, pseudo channel meets that t is distributed in the case of the dimension d that multidimensional is consulted is limited to, connect
The form of noise of receipts is expressed as：
Therefore, the noise ε of virtual channel isNoise is expressed as：
Obtained afterwards according to the noise representation of pseudo channel：
Wherein, σ is that the noise criteria of quantum channel is poor, and d is the dimension that multidimensional is consulted, and pseudo channel is in situation limited d
Under do not meeting Gaussian Profile, the signal to noise ratio of virtual channel is changed intoOnly when d levels off to infinity,
The signal to noise ratio of pseudo channel is consistent with the signal to noise ratio of quantum channel.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, in the step S1：When multidimensional machinery of consultation is 8 using dimension, the letter of pseudo channel
Make an uproar than changing into
The present invention compared with prior art, has the advantages that：
1st, the modulation variance of light path is adjusted to original light pathTimes so that the signal to noise ratio of pseudo channel and original light
The signal to noise ratio on road is consistent.The negotiation efficiency of CVQKD systems will not be so reduced, is eliminated due to dimension d in multidimensional machinery of consultation
Finite dimension effect caused by limited.
2nd, the present invention is easily achieved, and improves the physical security of CVQKD systems.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention more clearly or technical method of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
There is the required accompanying drawing used in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this
Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can be with
Other accompanying drawings are obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of one embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
To make the purpose of the embodiment of the present invention, technical method and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In accompanying drawing, the technical method in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
Part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.
According to continuous variable quantum key distribution multidimensional machinery of consultation, institute under a kind of finite dimensional effect provided by the invention
The method of chatting be adjust light path modulation variance to 4/3 times of the modulation variance of original light path, by quantum channel stage of communication, obtain
To after primary key, it is divided into d dimensional vectors by primary key, is normalized afterwards, is received when reversely negotiation
Look sub- real random number generator up and down and produce binary code word u in d n-dimensional sphere ns, deposited in binary code word with normalized continuous variable
In a mapping relations M, this mapping relations M is transferred to transmitting terminal, u form of noise v will be received.Thus
One is set up using u as input, v is the binary system pseudo channel of output, passes through efficient error correcting code error correction afterwards so that communication
Both sides obtain the same key string, so as to be to realize continuous variable quantum key distribution multidimensional negotiation side under finite dimensional effect
Method.
In Fig. 1 flow chart, according to original light path design parameter, in octuple machinery of consultation, by adjusting light path
Variance is modulated to original optical path modulation varianceTo cause the signal to noise ratio of pseudo channel signal to noise ratio and original light path after adjustment
Unanimously.
In Fig. 1, the modulates information of transmitting terminal is on two canonical components of x or p, throughput subchannel transmission to receiving terminal,
Receiving terminal is detected with balanced homodyne detector, random selection measurement base and openly to obtain after base associated two go here and there it is original close
Key X and Y.Quantum True Random Number Generator generates code word U, and the mapping relations α (Y, U) between Y and U is passed through into classical common authentication
Transmission carries out key agreement to transmitting terminal and obtains two string identical key U, carries out secrecy reinforcement to U again afterwards and obtains finally
Safe key U '.
Continuous variable quantum key distribution multidimensional machinery of consultation under a kind of finite dimensional effect of the present invention, its feature exist
In comprising the following steps：
S1：According to original light path parameter, the modulation variance of light path is adjusted to original optical path modulation varianceTimes；
S2：The primary key X and Y of transmitting terminal and receiving terminal are become and turn to d dimensional vectors；
S3：Transmitting terminal and receiving terminal primary key X and Y normalized, the d dimensional vectors after being normalized,Wherein
S4：Equally distributed code word u and transmission map M are generated, receiving terminal quantum is truly random in the case of reverse consult
Number generator randomly selects d dimensional vectors in d n-dimensional sphere nsAnd calculate mapping M (y, u) and meet M (y, u) y=
U, then being mapping through common authentication transmission to transmitting terminal；
S5：The errors of form v that transmitting terminal obtains, due to receiving terminal by common authentication transmission mapping M (y, u) to hair
Sending end, transmitting terminal calculate M (y, u) x=v, and v is u errors of form；
S6：Set up by S5 operation using u as input, v is output binary system pseudo channel；
S7：Error correction is decoded using the LDPC code close to shannon limit, a LDPC BP decoder is constructed by LDPC code,
Decoder inputs the prior probability L (C of initial code wordi), check matrix H and check information, and decoding iteration number is determined, no
Update the information of variable node and check-node with stopping, the variable node information of renewal is：
The check-node information of renewal is：
Until updating discriminative information：
Wherein L (qi) discriminative information that is calculated is represented, to L (qi) carry out 0-1 adjudicate to obtain key string, afterwards by it
It is whether successfully decoded with multilevel iudge.
It is that the pseudo channel that u outputs are v constructions is not equal to binary system Gauss additive Gaussian with input in step S2
White noise channel, pseudo channel meet that t is distributed in the case of the dimension d that multidimensional is consulted is limited to, and the form of noise of reception represents
For：
Therefore, the noise ε of virtual channel isNoise is expressed as：
Obtained afterwards according to the noise representation of pseudo channel：
Wherein, σ is that the noise criteria of quantum channel is poor, and d is the dimension that multidimensional is consulted, and pseudo channel is in situation limited d
Under do not meeting Gaussian Profile, the signal to noise ratio of virtual channel is changed intoOnly when d levels off to infinity,
The signal to noise ratio of pseudo channel is consistent with the signal to noise ratio of quantum channel.
In specific embodiment, in the step S1：When multidimensional machinery of consultation is 8 using dimension, the noise of pseudo channel
Than changing intoSo the noise variance of pseudo channel, which becomes, turns to light path channelSo influence the association of CVQKD systems
Business's efficiency.In order to ensure the signal to noise ratio of pseudo channel and the signal to noise ratio one of the light path of original continuous variable quantum key distribution system
Cause, with according to original light path parameter, adjusting the modulation variance of light path to 4/3 times of original optical path modulation variance, such system
Channel capacity will not change, and so as to which system negotiation efficiency will not become, so only understand the transmitting terminal of minimal effect CVQKD systems and connect
The information content that the mutual information of receiving end and attacker steal.So compare for influence of the negotiation efficiency to key rate, key
The change of rate is very small.The finite dimension effect of CVQKD systems on the one hand can be so effectively eliminated, still further aspect improves
The physical securities of CVQKD systems.
The present invention is by adjusting the adjustment optical path modulation variance of light path in CVQKD systems to the modulation variance of original light path
4/3, the present invention is easy and effective, easily operated, effectively eliminates the existing finite dimension effect under multidimensional machinery of consultation, and
The security of system can also be improved.
Claims (3)
1. continuous variable quantum key distribution multidimensional machinery of consultation under a kind of finite dimensional effect, it is characterised in that including as follows
Step：
S1：According to original light path parameter, the modulation variance of light path is adjusted to original optical path modulation varianceTimes；
S2：The primary key X and Y of transmitting terminal and receiving terminal are become and turn to d dimensional vectors；
S3：Transmitting terminal and receiving terminal primary key X and Y normalized, the d dimensional vectors after being normalized,Wherein
S4：Equally distributed code word u and transmission map M are generated, receiving terminal quantum true random number is sent out in the case of reverse consult
Raw device randomly selects d dimensional vectors in d n-dimensional sphere nsAnd calculate mapping M (y, u) and meet M (y, u) y=u, connect
Handle and be mapping through common authentication transmission to transmitting terminal；
S5：The errors of form v that transmitting terminal obtains, due to receiving terminal by common authentication transmission mapping M (y, u) to transmission
End, transmitting terminal calculate M (y, u) x=v, and v is u errors of form；
S6：Set up by S5 operation using u as input, v is output binary system pseudo channel；
S7：Error correction is decoded using the LDPC code close to shannon limit, a LDPC BP decoder, decoding are constructed by LDPC code
Device inputs the prior probability L (C of initial code wordi), check matrix H and check information, and decoding iteration number is determined, ceaselessly
The information of variable node and check-node is updated, the variable node information of renewal is：
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Relatively judge whether successfully decoded.
2. continuous variable quantum key distribution multidimensional machinery of consultation under finite dimensional effect according to claim 1, it is special
Sign is, is that the pseudo channel that u outputs are v constructions is not equal to binary system Gauss additive Gaussian with input in step S2
White noise channel, pseudo channel meet that t is distributed in the case of the dimension d that multidimensional is consulted is limited to, and the form of noise of reception represents
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The signal to noise ratio of channel is consistent with the signal to noise ratio of quantum channel.
3. continuous variable quantum key distribution multidimensional machinery of consultation under finite dimensional effect according to claim 2, it is special
Sign is, in the step S1：When multidimensional machinery of consultation is 8 using dimension, the signal to noise ratio of pseudo channel is changed into
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Cited By (10)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107979464A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2018-05-01 | 北京邮电大学 | The dynamic regulating method of flashlight modulation variance in a kind of continuous variable quantum key distribution |
| CN108270562A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-07-10 | 中国科学院软件研究所 | A kind of anti-quantum key agreement method |
| CN108599945A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-09-28 | 北京邮电大学 | A kind of Gaussian modulation data creation method suitable for continuous variable quantum key distribution system |
| CN109768857A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-05-17 | 东华大学 | A kind of CVQKD multidimensional machinery of consultation using improved decoding algorithm |
| CN110365474A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-10-22 | 北京邮电大学 | Cryptographic key negotiation method and communication equipment |
| CN110519050A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-11-29 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十研究所 | Cryptographic key negotiation method based on the exchange of quantum true random number with black box mapping |
| CN112187452A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2021-01-05 | 扬州大学 | Transmission method for continuous variable quantum key distribution |
| CN112564715A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-03-26 | 扬州大学 | Continuous variable quantum key distribution self-adaptive coordination method |
| CN112887088A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-06-01 | 西北大学 | Gaussian modulation method and continuous variable quantum secure direct communication system |
| CN114629638A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-06-14 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十研究所 | Multi-dimensional negotiation simplification method and device suitable for continuous variable quantum key distribution |
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