CN107359814A - 一种旋转式压电风力发电机 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种旋转式压电风力发电机，属压电发电领域。端盖装在壳体的筒壁端部，端盖及壳体底壁上都装有限位磁铁；筒壁凸台上安装有两组压电振子和一个隔环，压电振子由基板和压电片粘接而成，隔环上均布地设有辐板，两组压电振子对称地配置在隔环左右两侧，基板靠近隔环安装；压电振子自由端装有被激磁铁，两组压电振子上的被激磁铁的同性磁极相对安装，两组被激磁铁之间的排斥力使压电振子产生弯曲变形；辐板位于圆周上两相邻压电振子之间；主轴两端装在端盖和壳体底壁上，主轴的轮盘上均布地镶嵌有激励磁铁，轮盘及激励磁铁位于隔环两侧的压电振子之间；激励磁铁的磁极沿主轴的轴向配置；主轴的一端经壳体底壁伸出并经螺钉装有叶片。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于新能源技术领域，具体涉及一种旋转式压电风力发电机，用于自然界风能采集。
背景技术
风能广泛存在于自然界中，风力发电已成为当今世界主流的能源之一。以往人们只注重大规模风力发电系统的研究，近年来，随着无线传感网络技术的日趋成熟及其在环境监测、大型建筑物及桥梁的健康监测、工业、军事及公共安全等领域应用的普及，为其提供持续能源供应的微小型风力发电机的研究受到国内外学者的广泛关注，其原因在于：化学电池的能量有限、其使用时间远远小于无线传感监测系统的寿命，故需经常更换，严重制约了无线传感网络监测系统在远程及危险环境中的推广应用。目前已提出的微小型风力发电机基本都是基于电磁原理和压电原理的，因压电式发电机的发电过程中不会产生电磁干扰，更适用于无线网络节点等无线系统。现有利用薄片型压电振子构造的风力发电机主要有两大类：一是吹拂激励式，即直接利用风力吹动压电振子使其产生弯曲变形并发电；二是旋转激励式，即首先利用风使叶片旋转、再由叶片带动转动机构拨动压电振子弯曲变形并发电。上述压电发电机的共同特点是直接利用压电振子端部质量的惯性力使其弯曲变形并发电，其主要弊端是：压电振子双向变形、压电片承受交变的拉压应力作用且缺少必要的限位措施，压电振子尺度及系统固有频率可调节范围小，故可靠性低、风速适应能力差。
发明内容
本发明提出一种旋转式压电风力发电机，本发明采用的实施方案是：端盖经螺钉安装在壳体的筒壁端部，端盖及壳体底壁上都通过螺钉安装有限位磁铁：筒壁凸台上经螺钉和压环安装有两组压电振子和一个隔环，压电振子由基板和压电片粘接而成，隔环上均布地设有辐板，两组压电振子对称地配置在隔环的左右两侧，基板靠近隔环安装；压电振子自由端经螺钉安装有被激磁铁，两组压电振子上的被激磁铁的同性磁极相对安装，两组被激磁铁之间的排斥力使压电振子产生弯曲变形；辐板位于圆周上两相邻压电振子之间，辐板宽度大于所述两相邻压电振子间的距离：主轴左右两端经轴承分别安装在端盖和壳体底壁上，主轴的轮盘上均布地镶嵌有激励磁铁，轮盘及激励磁铁位于隔环两侧的压电振子之间，轮盘及激励磁铁的厚度小于辐板厚度；激励磁铁的磁极沿主轴的轴向配置，圆周上两相邻激励磁铁的磁极配置方向相同或相反；主轴的一端经壳体底壁伸出并经螺钉装有叶片。
本发明中，压电振子的形状为弧形或长方形，且安装前为平直结构；压电振子受外力作用使被激磁铁顶靠在与其相邻的限位磁铁上时，压电片上所承受的最大压应力小于其许用值、压电振子自由端变形量小于其许用值；压电振子为长方形时其许用变形量为其中：B＝1-α+αβ，A＝α4(1-β)2-4α3(1-β)+6α2(1-β)-4α(1-β)+1，α＝hm/H，β＝Em/Ep，hm和H分别为基板厚度和压电振子的总厚度，Em和Ep分别为基板和压电片的杨氏模量，k31和分别为压电陶瓷材料的机电耦合系数和许用压应力，L为压电振子的长度。
受激磁铁不受激励磁铁作用时，隔环两侧压电振子的变形和受力状态分别相同；工作时，即环境中有风吹过时，叶片受风力作用并带动主轴及激励磁铁一起转动，从而使激励磁铁与其两侧的受激磁铁之间的距离及相互作用力交替地增加与减小；激励磁铁与受激磁铁之间为排斥力的情况下，激励磁铁逐渐转近受激磁铁时压电振子的变形量及压电片上的压应力增加，激励磁铁逐渐转远时压电振子的变形量及压电片上的压应力降低；激励磁铁与受激磁铁之间为吸引力的情况下，激励磁铁逐渐转近受激磁铁时压电振子的变形量及压电片上的压应力降低，激励磁铁逐渐转远时压电振子的变形量及压电片上的压应力增加；随主轴连续转动，压电片上压应力交替地增加与减小，从而将机械能转换成电能；在压电振子的变形量减小的过程中，压电振子自固定端开始逐渐与辐板接触，从而避免压电振子产生使压电片出现拉应力的反向变形；压电振子振幅较大时，限位磁铁与被激磁铁之间的排斥力具有缓冲和阻尼作用，限位磁铁与被激磁铁相互接触时压电振子的变形量小于其许用值。
优势与特色：压电振子单向变形、压电片仅受压应力且最大变形量可控，故可靠性高。
附图说明
图1是本发明一个较佳实施例中压电风力发电机的结构示意图；
图2是图1的A-A剖视图。
具体实施方式
端盖a经螺钉安装在壳体b的筒壁b1端部，端盖a及壳体底壁b2上都通过螺钉安装有限位磁铁c；筒壁凸台b3上经螺钉和压环d安装有两组压电振子e和一个隔环f，压电振子e由基板e1和压电片e2粘接而成，隔环f上均布地设有辐板f1，两组压电振子e对称地配置在隔环f的左右两侧，基板e1靠近隔环f安装；压电振子e的自由端经螺钉安装有被激磁铁g，两组压电振子e上的被激磁铁g的同性磁极相对安装，两组被激磁铁g之间的排斥力使压电振子e产生弯曲变形；辐板f1位于圆周上两相邻压电振子e之间，辐板f1的宽度大于所述两相邻压电振子e间的距离；主轴h的左右两端经轴承i分别安装在端盖a和壳体底壁b2上，主轴h的轮盘h1上均布地镶嵌有激励磁铁j，轮盘h1及激励磁铁j位于隔环f两侧的压电振子e之间，轮盘h1及激励磁铁j的厚度小于辐板f1的厚度；激励磁铁j的磁极沿主轴h的轴向配置，圆周上两相邻激励磁铁j的磁极配置方向相同或相反；主轴h的一端经壳体底壁b2伸出并经螺钉安装有叶片k。
本发明中，压电振子e的形状为弧形或长方形，且安装前为平直结构；压电振子e受外力作用使被激磁铁g顶靠在与其相邻的限位磁铁c上时，压电片e2上所承受的最大压应力小于其许用值、压电振子e自由端变形量小于其许用值；压电振子e为长方形时其许用变形量为其中：B＝1-α+αβ，A＝α4(1-β)2-4α3(1-β)+6α2(1-β)-4α(1-β)+1，α＝hm/H，β＝Em/Ep，hm和H分别为基板e1厚度和压电振子e的总厚度，Em和Ep分别为基板e1和压电片e2的杨氏模量，k31和分别为压电陶瓷材料的机电耦合系数和许用压应力，L为压电振子e的长度。
受激磁铁g不受激励磁铁j作用时，隔环f两侧压电振子e的变形和受力状态分别相同；工作时，即环境中有风吹过时，叶片k受风力作用并带动主轴h及激励磁铁j一起转动，从而使激励磁铁j与其两侧的受激磁铁g之间的距离及相互作用力交替地增加与减小；激励磁铁j与受激磁铁g之间为排斥力的情况下，激励磁铁j逐渐转近受激磁铁g时压电振子e的变形量及压电片e2上的压应力增加，激励磁铁j逐渐转远时压电振子e的变形量及压电片e2上的压应力降低；激励磁铁j与受激磁铁g之间为吸引力的情况下，激励磁铁j逐渐转近受激磁铁g时压电振子e的变形量及压电片e2上的压应力降低，激励磁铁j逐渐转远时压电振子e的变形量及压电片e2上的压应力增加；随主轴h连续转动，压电片e2上压应力交替地增加与减小，从而将机械能转换成电能；在压电振子e的变形量减小的过程中，压电振子e自固定端开始逐渐与辐板f1接触，从而避免压电振子e产生使压电片e2出现拉应力的反向变形；压电振子e振幅较大时，限位磁铁c与被激磁铁j之间的排斥力具有缓冲和阻尼作用，限位磁铁c与被激磁铁j相互接触时压电振子e的变形量小于其许用值。
Claims (1)
1.一种旋转式压电风力发电机，其特征在于：端盖装在壳体的筒壁端部，端盖及壳体底壁上都装有限位磁铁；筒壁凸台上安装有两组压电振子和一个隔环，压电振子由基板和压电片粘接而成，隔环上均布地设有辐板，两组压电振子对称地配置在隔环左右两侧，基板靠近隔环安装；压电振子自由端装有被激磁铁，两组压电振子上的被激磁铁的同性磁极相对安装，两组被激磁铁之间的排斥力使压电振子产生弯曲变形；辐板位于圆周上两相邻压电振子之间，辐板宽度大于所述两相邻压电振子间的距离；主轴两端经轴承分别安装在端盖和壳体底壁上，主轴的轮盘上均布地镶嵌有激励磁铁，轮盘及激励磁铁位于隔环两侧的压电振子之间，轮盘及激励磁铁的厚度小于辐板厚度；激励磁铁的磁极沿主轴的轴向配置，圆周上两相邻激励磁铁的磁极配置方向相同或相反；主轴的一端经壳体底壁伸出并经螺钉装有叶片；压电振子受外力作用使被激磁铁顶靠在与其相邻的限位磁铁上时，压电振子自由端变形量小于其许用值。
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| CN108386317A (zh) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-08-10 | 大连理工大学 | 一种双形态多功能压电风能收集装置 |
| CN112152508A (zh) * | 2020-11-15 | 2020-12-29 | 浙江师范大学 | 一种旋转激励的摩擦-压电复合发电机 |
| CN112187103A (zh) * | 2020-11-15 | 2021-01-05 | 浙江师范大学 | 一种等幅激励的涡轮式压电-摩擦发电机 |
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| CN103259452A (zh) * | 2013-05-31 | 2013-08-21 | 浙江师范大学 | 一种轴端悬垂式压电悬臂梁发电机 |
| CN103259453A (zh) * | 2013-05-31 | 2013-08-21 | 浙江师范大学 | 用于风力发电机叶片监测系统的压电悬臂梁发电机 |
| CN103269182A (zh) * | 2013-05-31 | 2013-08-28 | 浙江师范大学 | 基于压电悬臂梁互激的悬垂式旋转发电机 |
| US20160254437A1 (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2016-09-01 | Beijing University Of Technology | Bistable Piezoelectric Cantilever Vibration Energy Generator Based on Spherical Composite Structure and Partial Separation of Different Layers |
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| CN108386317A (zh) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-08-10 | 大连理工大学 | 一种双形态多功能压电风能收集装置 |
| CN108386317B (zh) * | 2018-03-15 | 2019-05-10 | 大连理工大学 | 一种双形态多功能压电风能收集装置 |
| CN112152508A (zh) * | 2020-11-15 | 2020-12-29 | 浙江师范大学 | 一种旋转激励的摩擦-压电复合发电机 |
| CN112187103A (zh) * | 2020-11-15 | 2021-01-05 | 浙江师范大学 | 一种等幅激励的涡轮式压电-摩擦发电机 |
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