CN107359587B - The non-reliability earthed system self-adaption route selection leakage protection system of three-phase and method - Google Patents
The non-reliability earthed system self-adaption route selection leakage protection system of three-phase and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107359587B CN107359587B CN201710659186.5A CN201710659186A CN107359587B CN 107359587 B CN107359587 B CN 107359587B CN 201710659186 A CN201710659186 A CN 201710659186A CN 107359587 B CN107359587 B CN 107359587B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/006—Calibration or setting of parameters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/58—Testing of lines, cables or conductors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
- H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of non-reliability earthed system self-adaption route selection leakage protection system of three-phase and methods; on the basis of the residual current protective unit detected based on power direction; add self-adaptive features acquisition unit; when electric network composition changes; electric leakage characteristic parameter and adjustment circuit parameter are captured by self-adaptive features acquisition unit to adapt to the residual current protective unit; the problem of solving when network system structure changes, being failed based on the earth leakage protective that power direction detects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to earth leakage protective field, in particular to a kind of non-reliability earthed system self-adaption route selection electric leakage of three-phase
Protect system and method.
Background technique
The non-reliable ground system of three-phase is chiefly used in industrial and mining enterprises, these units are high to electricity consumption reliability requirement, and it is general this
The production overall situation of a little enterprises is complicated, more or less there are inflammable, explosion hazard gases or various dust, needs to there may be put
Electric spark or the leak current fault of critical human life safety use necessary safety measure, once leak current fault occurs should be timely
Fault branch is cut off, failure propagation is not made.The electrical leakage detecting method that the non-reliable ground system of three-phase uses at present has: additional direct current
Method, residual voltage method, zero sequence power direction method etc..Wherein, it if realizing earth leakage protective by detection residual voltage size, acts
Resistance value is unstable.If realizing earth leakage protective by detection zero-sequence current size, when single-phase earth leakage, acts selective, but acts
Resistance value is unstable, especially when grid branch is less, is also easy to produce malfunction;If passing through the judgement electric leakage of zero sequence power direction information
Fault branch, then after carrying out secondary judgement by electric leakage branch zero-sequence current threshold value, can accurately judge leak current fault branch,
Therefore in practice, zero sequence power direction method is advantageously.Zero sequence power direction method combines zero-sequence voltage protection, zero-sequence current
The principle of protection and zero-sequence current direction protection does not judge power supply system merely with the amplitude size of residual voltage and zero-sequence current
Electric leakage whether occurs in system and which branch leaks electricity, while also using the phase of each branch residual voltage and zero-sequence current
Relationship judges branch, has achieved the purpose that so good selective, and can judge well prevent missing using triple
Movement.
With the development of microcontroller technology, currently there is some protection control circuits based on microcontroller, but work
The production environment of mine enterprise is miscellaneous, live power grid insulation against ground resistance, distribution capacity etc. electronic components Parameters variation it is larger,
These earth leakage protective device effects based on microcontroller are simultaneously unstable.Especially in the presence of compensation inductance or capacitor three-phase it is non-can
In earthed system, once electric network composition changes in network system, there is situations such as back-off, undercompensation, then based on micro-
Controller technology, power direction detection leakage protection system will fail.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of non-reliability earthed system self-adaption route selection leakage protection system of three-phase and
The problem of method is solved when network system structure changes, and the earth leakage protective based on power direction detection fails.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of non-reliability earthed system self-adaption route selection electric leakages of three-phase to protect
Protecting system further includes self-adaptive features acquisition unit including the residual current protective unit detected based on power direction, described adaptive
Collection apparatus unit is used for leakage analog, to capture electric leakage feature, and adapts to residual current protective unit, institute by adjusting circuit parameter
Stating self-adaptive features acquisition unit includes: collection apparatus primary circuit and control unit, wherein the collection apparatus primary circuit packet
Include two single-phase earth leakage analog circuits for connecting not isopen;The control unit includes receiving and handling acquisition data and adjust electricity
Hysteresis loop comparator, precision rectifer and the low-pass filtering of the master controller of road parameter, two corresponding single-phase earth leakage analog circuits
Device.
Further, the collection apparatus primary circuit includes two single-phase earth leakage analog circuits, i.e. the first single-phase earth leakage
Analog circuit and the second single-phase earth leakage analog circuit, the first single-phase earth leakage analog circuit include resistance R in parallel1And capacitor
C1, and it is configured with the switch S of control circuit on-off1, the first single-phase earth leakage analog circuit one end ground connection;Described second is single-phase
Leakage analog circuit includes resistance R in parallel2With capacitor C2, and it is configured with the switch S of control circuit on-off2, described second is single-phase
Leakage analog circuit on one side ground connection;Wherein, switch S1And S2Opening and closing are controlled by control unit.
Further, the resistance R1=20K, the capacitor C1=1nF, the resistance R2Value is in resistance R1Three
/ between half, the capacitor C2Value is in capacitor C1One third and half between.
Further, the master controller include capture input module, it is phase shifting control module, A/D conversion module, man-machine
Interface, communication interface and experiment sampling control module, wherein the capture input module is connected by hysteresis loop comparator respectively
Single-phase earth leakage analog circuit, for storing the circuit parameter received;The phase shifting control module is used for adjustment phase place, the people
Machine interface is convenient to pass through main controller controls collection apparatus primary circuit for connecting a terminal operating system.
The application further relates to a kind of non-reliability earthed system self-adaption route selection earth leakage protecting method of three-phase, is being based on power
On the basis of the residual current protective unit of angle detecting, self-adaptive features acquisition unit is added, when electric network composition changes,
Electric leakage characteristic parameter and adjustment circuit parameter are captured by self-adaptive features acquisition unit to adapt to the residual current protective unit;Institute
It states self-adaptive features acquisition unit and obtains residual voltage phase and zero-sequence current phase before phase shift by simulation leak current fault
Then parameter adjusts phase-shift circuit parameter, residual voltage and the same phase of zero-sequence current after making phase shift, to the zero-sequence current before phase shift
Vector sum is sought with the residual voltage after phase shift, and using the electric signal after gained vector sum progress precision rectifer as the spy of route selection
Value indicative.
Further, the self-adaptive features acquisition unit includes collection apparatus primary circuit, control unit and terminal behaviour
Make system.The collection apparatus primary circuit includes the first single-phase earth leakage analog circuit and the second single-phase earth leakage analog circuit, institute
Stating the first single-phase earth leakage analog circuit includes resistance R in parallel1With capacitor C1, and it is configured with the switch S of control circuit on-off1, institute
State first single-phase earth leakage analog circuit one end ground connection;The second single-phase earth leakage analog circuit includes resistance R in parallel2And capacitor
C2, and it is configured with the switch S of control circuit on-off2, the second single-phase earth leakage analog circuit one end ground connection;Wherein, switch S1With
S2Opening and closing are controlled by control unit.The control unit include receive and processing acquisition data and adjustment circuit parameter master controller,
Hysteresis loop comparator, precision rectifer and the low-pass filter of two corresponding single-phase earth leakage analog circuits, wherein the main control
Device include two for store the circuit parameter received capture input module, for adjustment phase place phase shifting control module,
A/D conversion module, man-machine interface, communication interface and experiment sampling control module, wherein capture input module is caught including first
Input module and the second capture input module are obtained, storage residual voltage and zero-sequence current are respectively used to.The terminal operating system
Connection connects master controller by the man-machine interface, and passes through main controller controls collection apparatus primary circuit, the terminal
Operating system is equipped with the electric leakage parameter that the residual current protective unit is obtained by collection apparatus primary circuit and control unit
The process of operation.
Further, when being tested self-adaptive features acquisition unit to obtain electric leakage characteristic parameter, terminal behaviour
Make the operating process of system the following steps are included:
1) acquisition of input electric leakage signal or experimental order;
2) the switch S in the first single-phase earth leakage analog circuit is controlled1Closure;
3) residual voltage A is captured1Value is stored in the first capture input module, if time-out will move out, terminal operating system
User trial failure is prompted, checks circuit, if it is successful, preparing capture zero-sequence current B1;
4) zero-sequence current B is captured1Value is stored in the second capture input module, if time-out will move out, terminal operating system
User trial failure is prompted, checks circuit;
5) residual voltage A is calculated1With zero-sequence current B1Phase difference ψ1;
6) phase-shift circuit parameter is adjusted, the residual voltage after making phase shift moves and zero-sequence current B1Same phase, after acquiring phase shift
Residual voltage;
7) start the A/D conversion module of master controller to the zero-sequence current B before phase shift1With residual voltage after phase shift to
Amount and SaCarry out 64 conversions;
8) leak(age) test switch S is cut off1;
9) digital filtering processing is carried out to sampled value obtained in step 7, and calculates arithmetic mean of instantaneous value E1;
10) E is stored1With phasor difference ψ1Information;
11) the switch S in the second single-phase earth leakage analog circuit is controlled2Closure;
12) residual voltage A is captured2Value is stored in the first capture input module, if time-out will move out, prompts user trial
Failure checks circuit;If it is successful, preparing capture zero-sequence current B2;
13) zero-sequence current B is captured2Value is stored in the second capture input module, if time-out will move out, prompts user trial
Failure checks circuit;
14) capture A is calculated2With B2Phase difference ψ2;
15) phase-shift circuit parameter is adjusted, residual voltage shifting and zero-sequence current in the second leakage analog circuit after phase shift are made
Same phase, the residual voltage after acquiring phase shift;
16) start master controller A/D conversion module to after phase shift in the second leakage analog circuit residual voltage and shifting
The zero-sequence current B of phase front2Vector sum SbCarry out 64 conversions;
17) leak(age) test switch S is cut off2;
18) digital filtering processing is carried out to sampled value obtained in step 15, and calculates arithmetic mean of instantaneous value E2;
If 19) 0.85 ψ1<ψ2<1.1ψ1,E2>0.9E1Then think adaptively success;
20) the adaptive success of display.
Compared with prior art, there are following technical effects by the present invention:
The present invention provides a kind of non-reliability earthed system self-adaption route selection leakage protection system of three-phase, when electric network composition is sent out
When raw change, self-adaptive features acquisition unit capture electric leakage characteristic value avoids earth leakage protective to adapt to residual current protective unit
There is overcompensation or under-compensated situation in unit.
The present invention also provides a kind of non-reliability earthed system self-adaption route selection earth leakage protecting methods of three-phase, pass through artificial mould
Quasi- leak current fault capture electric leakage characteristic value, to realize the accurate route selection of residual current protective unit.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is collection apparatus primary circuit figure of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the electric leakage signal handling principle block diagram of adaptive acquisition unit of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the algorithm pattern that adaptive acquisition unit of the invention is tested.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, lifts a specific embodiment and be described in detail.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a kind of non-reliability earthed system self-adaption route selection earth leakage protectives of three-phase
System, including the residual current protective unit that is detected based on power direction, (residual current protective unit is existing mature technology, therefore is not gone to live in the household of one's in-laws on getting married herein
State) and self-adaptive features acquisition unit.
Self-adaptive features acquisition unit is used for leakage analog, to capture electric leakage feature, and by adjusting circuit parameter adaptation
Residual current protective unit, so that it is guaranteed that the accurate route selection of residual current protective unit.Self-adaptive features acquisition unit includes that collection apparatus is primary
Circuit, control unit and PC machine.If Fig. 1 is characterized the circuit diagram of acquisition primary circuit, collection apparatus primary circuit is for simulating leakage
Electric fault, to capture the basic parameters such as residual voltage phase, zero-sequence current phase.Collection apparatus primary circuit includes being connected to not
The the first single-phase earth leakage analog circuit and the second single-phase earth leakage analog circuit of isopen.First single-phase earth leakage analog circuit includes simultaneously
The resistance R of connection1With capacitor C1, and it is configured with the switch S of control circuit on-off1, first single-phase earth leakage analog circuit one end ground connection;
Second single-phase earth leakage analog circuit includes resistance R in parallel2With capacitor C2, and it is configured with the switch S of control circuit on-off2, second
Single-phase earth leakage analog circuit one end ground connection.The value of resistance and capacitor and the tolerable single-phase Leaked Current of Line to Ground resistance value of industry spot
Related, the application selects C1=20K, C1=1nF, resistance R2Value is in resistance R1Three/with between half, it is described
Capacitor C2Value is in capacitor C1One third and half between.
Control unit include master controller, the hysteresis loop comparator of two corresponding single-phase earth leakage analog circuits, precision rectifer with
And low-pass filter, wherein master controller can realize controlling feature acquisition primary circuit, receive acquisition data, processing data with
And adjustment circuit parameter, connection PC machine, control switch S2With switch S2, the functions such as communication, including first catching for storage acquisition data
Obtain input module and the second capture input module, the phase shifting control module of adjustment phase place, A/D conversion module, man-machine interface, communication
Interface and experiment sampling control module.Wherein, man-machine interface is for connecting PC machine, convenient for the primary electricity of artificial controlling feature acquisition
Road;It captures there are two input modules, for receiving the acquisition signal of primary circuit;First capture input module is for capturing zero sequence
Voltage, the second capture input module is for capturing zero-sequence current.
PC machine connects master controller and passes through main controller controls collection apparatus primary circuit.PC machine, which is equipped with, passes through feature
Primary circuit and control unit are acquired to obtain the operating process of the electric leakage parameter of the residual current protective unit.
When electric network composition changes, self-adaptive features acquisition unit capture electric leakage characteristic parameter, self-adaptive features are adopted
The working principle for collecting unit is as shown in Figure 2.Closure switch S1Or switch S2, acquire residual voltage and carry out digital filtering and put
Big processing, is then stored in the first capture input module through a hysteresis loop comparator;Zero-sequence current is acquired again and carries out number
Filtering and enhanced processing, are then stored in the second capture input module through another hysteresis loop comparator;According to the zero sequence of acquisition
Its phase difference can be calculated in voltage and zero-sequence current, and the range of controllable phase shift is judged according to the phase difference, and passes through main control
The phase shifting control module of device carries out phase shift, so that the same phase of residual voltage and zero-sequence current after phase shift;To before phase shift electric current and
Voltage after phase shift seeks vector sum, and precision rectifer and low-pass filter processing are successively carried out to gained vector sum, is then passed through
The A/D conversion module of master controller carries out 64 conversions.
The non-reliability earthed system self-adaption route selection leakage protection system of three-phase provided by the invention, when electric network composition occurs
When change, self-adaptive features acquisition unit capture electric leakage characteristic value avoids earth leakage protective list to adapt to residual current protective unit
There is overcompensation or under-compensated situation in member.
Present invention also provides a kind of non-reliability earthed system self-adaption route selection earth leakage protecting method of three-phase, departments of physics
System is based on the above-mentioned non-reliability earthed system self-adaption route selection leakage protection system of three-phase.This method is based on power side
To on the basis of the residual current protective unit of detection, self-adaptive features acquisition unit is added, when electric network composition changes, is led to
Self-adaptive features acquisition unit capture electric leakage characteristic parameter and adjustment circuit parameter are crossed to adapt to residual current protective unit.It is adaptive special
The parameter that acquisition unit obtains residual voltage phase and zero-sequence current phase before phase shift according to simulation leak current fault is levied, is then adjusted
Whole phase-shift circuit parameter, the residual voltage after making phase shift is equal with zero-sequence current, to before phase shift zero-sequence current and phase shift after
Residual voltage seeks vector sum, and using the electric signal after gained vector sum progress precision rectifer as the characteristic value of route selection, entirely
Electric leakage signal acquisition or test process are operated via PC machine to be completed, as shown in figure 3, specific operating procedure is as follows:
1) acquisition of input electric leakage signal or experimental order;
2) the switch S in the first single-phase earth leakage analog circuit is controlled1Closure;
3) residual voltage A is captured1Value is stored in the first capture input module, if time-out will move out, terminal operating system
User trial failure is prompted, checks circuit, if it is successful, preparing capture zero-sequence current B1;
4) zero-sequence current B is captured1Value is stored in the second capture input module, if time-out will move out, terminal operating system
User trial failure is prompted, checks circuit;
5) residual voltage A is calculated1With zero-sequence current B1Phase difference ψ1;
6) phase-shift circuit parameter is adjusted, the residual voltage after making phase shift moves and zero-sequence current B1Same phase, after acquiring phase shift
Residual voltage;
7) start the A/D conversion module of master controller to the zero-sequence current B before phase shift1With residual voltage after phase shift to
Amount and SaCarry out 64 conversions;
8) leak(age) test switch S is cut off1;
9) digital filtering processing is carried out to sampled value obtained in step 7, and calculates arithmetic mean of instantaneous value E1;
10) E is stored1With phasor difference ψ1Information;
11) the switch S in the second single-phase earth leakage analog circuit is controlled2Closure;
12) residual voltage A is captured2Value is stored in the first capture input module, if time-out will move out, prompts user trial
Failure checks circuit;If it is successful, preparing capture zero-sequence current B2;
13) zero-sequence current B is captured2Value is stored in the second capture input module, if time-out will move out, prompts user trial
Failure checks circuit;
14) capture A is calculated2With B2Phase difference ψ2;
15) phase-shift circuit parameter is adjusted, residual voltage shifting and zero-sequence current in the second leakage analog circuit after phase shift are made
Same phase, the residual voltage after acquiring phase shift;
16) start master controller A/D conversion module to after phase shift in the second leakage analog circuit residual voltage and shifting
The zero-sequence current B of phase front2Vector sum SbCarry out 64 conversions;
17) leak(age) test switch S is cut off2;
18) digital filtering processing is carried out to sampled value obtained in step 15, and calculates arithmetic mean of instantaneous value E2;
If 19) 0.85 ψ1<ψ2<1.1ψ1,E2>0.9E1Then think adaptively success;
20) the adaptive success of display.
The non-reliability earthed system self-adaption route selection earth leakage protecting method of three-phase provided by the invention, by artificially simulating leakage
Electric fault capture electric leakage characteristic value, realizes the accurate route selection of residual current protective unit.
Disclosed above is only the specific embodiment of the application, and however, this application is not limited to this, any this field
Technical staff can think variation, should all fall in the protection domain of the application.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of non-reliability earthed system self-adaption route selection earth leakage protecting method of three-phase, which is characterized in that be based on power side
To on the basis of the residual current protective unit of detection, self-adaptive features acquisition unit is added, when electric network composition changes, is led to
Cross self-adaptive features acquisition unit capture electric leakage characteristic parameter and adjustment circuit parameter to adapt to the residual current protective unit,
The self-adaptive features acquisition unit obtains residual voltage phase and zero-sequence current before phase shift by simulation leak current fault
Then the parameter of phase adjusts phase-shift circuit parameter, residual voltage and the same phase of zero-sequence current after making phase shift, to zero before phase shift
Residual voltage after sequence electric current and phase shift seeks vector sum, and using the electric signal after gained vector sum progress precision rectifying as route selection
Characteristic value.
The self-adaptive features acquisition unit includes:
Collection apparatus primary circuit, the collection apparatus primary circuit include two single-phase earth leakage analog circuits, i.e., first is single-phase
Leakage analog circuit and the second single-phase earth leakage analog circuit;The first single-phase earth leakage analog circuit includes resistance R in parallel1With
Capacitor C1, and it is configured with the switch S of control circuit on-off1, the first single-phase earth leakage analog circuit one end ground connection;Described second
Single-phase earth leakage analog circuit includes resistance R in parallel2With capacitor C2, and it is configured with the switch S of control circuit on-off2, described second
Single-phase earth leakage analog circuit one end ground connection;Wherein, switch S1With switch S2Opening and closing are controlled by a control unit;
The control unit includes the master controller for receiving and handling acquisition data and adjustable circuit parameter, two single-phase leakages of correspondence
The hysteresis loop comparator of electrical analogue circuit and the precision rectifer that master controller is connected by a low-pass filter;Wherein, described
Master controller includes for storing the capture input module two of the circuit parameter received, for the phase shifting control of adjustment phase place
Module, A/D conversion module, man-machine interface, communication interface and experiment sampling control module, wherein capture input module includes the
One capture input module and the second capture input module;
Terminal operating system, the terminal operating system connects master controller by the man-machine interface, and passes through master controller
Controlling feature acquires primary circuit, and the terminal operating system, which is equipped with, obtains institute by collection apparatus primary circuit and control unit
State the operating process of the electric leakage parameter of residual current protective unit.
When being tested self-adaptive features acquisition unit to obtain electric leakage characteristic parameter, the operating process of terminal operating system
The following steps are included:
1) acquisition of input electric leakage signal or experimental order;
2) the switch S in the first single-phase earth leakage analog circuit is controlled1Closure;
3) residual voltage A is captured1Value is stored in the first capture input module, if time-out will move out, terminal operating system prompt is used
Family test failure checks circuit, if it is successful, preparing capture zero-sequence current B1;
4) zero-sequence current B is captured1Value is stored in the second capture input module, if time-out will move out, terminal operating system prompt is used
Family test failure checks circuit;
5) residual voltage A is calculated1With zero-sequence current B1Phase difference ψ1;
6) phase-shift circuit parameter, residual voltage and the same phase of zero-sequence current after making phase shift, the residual voltage after acquiring phase shift are adjusted;
7) start the A/D conversion module of master controller to the zero-sequence current B before phase shift1With the vector sum of the residual voltage after phase shift
SaCarry out 64 conversions;
8) cut-out switch S1;
9) digital filtering processing is carried out to sampled value obtained in step 7, and calculates arithmetic mean of instantaneous value E1;
10) E is stored1With phasor difference ψ1Information;
11) the switch S in the second single-phase earth leakage analog circuit is controlled2Closure;
12) residual voltage A is captured2Value is stored in the first capture input module, if time-out will move out, prompts user trial failure,
Check circuit;If it is successful, preparing capture zero-sequence current B2;
13) zero-sequence current B is captured2Value is stored in the second capture input module, if time-out will move out, prompts user trial failure,
Check circuit;
14) capture zero-sequence current A is calculated2With residual voltage B2Phase difference ψ2;
15) phase-shift circuit parameter is adjusted, makes the residual voltage and the same phase of zero-sequence current in the second leakage analog circuit after phase shift, adopts
Residual voltage after collecting phase shift;
16) start master controller A/D conversion module to after phase shift in the second leakage analog circuit residual voltage and phase shift before
Zero-sequence current B2Vector sum SbCarry out 64 conversions;
17) cut-out switch S2;
18) digital filtering processing is carried out to sampled value obtained in step 16, and calculates arithmetic mean of instantaneous value E2;
If 19) 0.85 ψ1<ψ2<1.1ψ1,E2>0.9E1Then think adaptively success;
20) the adaptive success of display.
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