CN107357992A - Composite structure correction method for finite element model based on cluster analysis - Google Patents

Composite structure correction method for finite element model based on cluster analysis Download PDF

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CN107357992A
CN107357992A CN201710568512.1A CN201710568512A CN107357992A CN 107357992 A CN107357992 A CN 107357992A CN 201710568512 A CN201710568512 A CN 201710568512A CN 107357992 A CN107357992 A CN 107357992A
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CN107357992B (en
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费庆国
曹芝腑
姜东�
刘璟泽
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Southeast University
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Abstract

The invention provides a kind of composite structure correction method for finite element model based on cluster analysis, establish initial finite element analysis model, measure the experimental modal frequency and Mode Shape of structure, calculate the relative sensitivity matrix of parameter to be modified, corrected parameter, which is treated, using hierarchical clustering algorithm carries out parameter packet, Relative sensitivity analysis is carried out to clustering parameter again, the clustering parameter that relative sensitivity average value is maximum in each parameter is selected to be modified, the modal frequency of structural analysis model and the residual vector of actual measurement modal frequency, establish the object function needed for analysis model amendment, the optimization indirect problem of structure object function is modified to the FEM model of composite structure.The present invention combines numerical simulation, experiment and optimisation technique, cluster analysis is carried out using the relative sensitivity matrix of parameter, reduce number of parameters to be modified, revision program stability is improved, a kind of composite Equivalent finite element model parameter correction method being accurately combined based on numerical simulation, experiment and optimization is provided for engineer applied.

Description

Composite structure correction method for finite element model based on cluster analysis
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of composite structure, and in particular to a kind of composite structure FEM updating side Method.
Background technology
Composite structure has the excellent properties such as high specific strength, high specific stiffness, endurance, is widely used in aviation boat My god, automobile and shipping industry.But simultaneously because its material component is various, complex manufacturing technology, composite structure carefully sees material Parameter is different.During structural analysis and design, if using the thin sight analysis model of composite structure, will significantly it increase Add modeling difficulty, and the time cost of Design Stage.Therefore the finite element analysis model of composite structure is established simultaneously Modifying model is carried out to it, the accuracy tool for improving composite structure analysis is of great significance.
Composite structure FEM model generally use orthotropic material, to multilayer materials structure Speech, the quantity of its parameter to be modified will be far more than experimental data, so as to produce the ill-conditioning problem in makeover process.How non-complete In the case of standby measured data, while reducing parameter in makeover process, the composite structure for obtaining precise and high efficiency is limited Element analysis model, it has also become Practical Project problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention：In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of answering based on cluster analysis Condensation material structural finite element model updating method, cluster point is carried out to parameter using the relative sensitivity matrix of parameter to be modified Analysis, by incomplete experimental data, the method that parameters revision is carried out to the equivalent COMPOSITE FINITE ELEMENT model of multi-parameter, carry High parameters revision precision and efficiency.
Technical scheme：The invention provides a kind of composite structure FEM updating side based on cluster analysis Method, comprise the following steps：
(1) formed according to composite structure geometric properties and component, using orthotropic material relationships to reality Border composite structure is modeled, and simplifies details component, only considers macroscopical configuration of composite structure, establish it is equivalent just Beginning finite element analysis model；
(2) according to the actual geometric parameter of composite structure, experimental model is established, using dynamics modal experimental technique, Measure the experimental modal frequency and Mode Shape of structure；
(3) the relative sensitivity matrix of parameter to be modified is calculated, corrected parameter is treated using hierarchical clustering algorithm and is joined Number packet, then Relative sensitivity analysis is carried out to clustering parameter, select the cluster that relative sensitivity average value is maximum in each parameter Parameter is modified；
(4) residual vector of the modal frequency of structural analysis model and actual measurement modal frequency, establishes analysis model amendment institute The object function needed, the optimization indirect problem for building object function are modified to the FEM model of composite structure.
Further, step (2) obtains experimental modal frequency and the process of Mode Shape comprises the following steps：
2.1) according to the geometric parameter of composite structure, its experimental model is established；
2.2) structure point layout, in structure boundary away from selection pick-up point at mode stationary point；
2.3) composite structure is hung with rubber rope, it is Z-direction to define perpendicular to the direction in suspension face, and Freedom-free state is at, acceleration transducer is fixed on to selected pick-up point；
2.4) power hammer and acceleration transducer are respectively connected to signal sampler；
2.5) the model analysis module of dynamic test system is utilized, model analysis parameter is set；
2.6) firmly hammer applies impulsive force to the impacting point in structure along Z-direction successively, gathers each measuring point successively and exists By output acceleration signal at input power during pulse excitation and pick-up point；
2.7) modal parameter amendment is carried out to input/output signal with the signal analyzer of pilot system, passes through each point frequency response Lump, fitting and the amendment of function obtain the actual measurement modal frequency and Mode Shape of composite structure.
Further, step (3) comprises the following steps：
3.1) according to relative sensitivity calculation formula, relative sensitivity square of the modal frequency relative to elastic parameter is calculated Battle array：
In formula, SrIt is relative sensitivity matrix, f is output modalities frequency vector, and p is elastic parameter vector to be modified；
3.2) relative sensitivity column vector g is calculatedα、gβDistance d：
Relative sensitivity is classified apart from close parameter using hierarchical clustering algorithm, so as to obtain elastic parameter Hierarchical tree is expressed, and recycles distance threshold 0.2 to carry out packet p={ p to elastic parameter as parameter packet standard1；p2；…； pj, n1,n2,…,njThe respectively number of each group parameter, and n1+n2+…+nj=N, N represent elastic parameter sum；
3.3) clustering parameter θ is definedjFor the relative change of jth group elastic parameter：
In formula, pjIt is vectorial for jth group elastic parameter,Represent jth group elastic parameter initial value, θjIt is corresponding for jth group bullet parameter Clustering parameter；
Using the Calculation of Sensitivity formula of clustering parameter, clustering parameter is chosen, determines clustering parameter to be modified：
In formula, ScThe sensitivity matrix of clustering parameter is represented, θ is clustering parameter vector, and the vectorial element is joined by cluster Number θjComposition.
Further, step (4) comprises the following steps：
4.1) to resulting composite structure experimental modal frequency, experimental modal is determined using modal assurance criterion MAC Each rank Analysis Mode frequency corresponding to the vibration shape, carry out Mode Shape matching：
In formula, M represents modal assurance criterion matrix, ΦaAnd ΦeAnalysis and the experimental modal vibration shape are represented respectively, are finally determined such as Under objective optimization function：
In formula, p is elastic parameter to be modified vector, and J (p) represents object function, and ε (p) is modal frequency faWith mode frequency Rate feResidual vector and ε (p)=f of constructione-fa(p), W ε=round (max (fe)·diag(fe)), represent according to experiment mould The weighting matrix that state frequency is worth to, round (), max () and diag () represent round, maximum respectively Computing and diagonal matrix computing；The physical meaning of the object function is：In the excursion [p of parameterl,pu] in, find and optimize Parameter causes two Norm minimums of experimental modal frequency and Analysis Mode frequency vector difference；
4.3) elasticity of COMPOSITE FINITE ELEMENT model is joined based on object function (6) the structure optimization indirect problem constructed Number is modified, and obtains effective elastic parameter.
Beneficial effect：The invention provides carry out ginseng to be modified according to the relative sensitivity matrix of parameter based on cluster analysis The method that number packet is chosen, establishes the finite element initial analysis model and experimental model of composite panel, while pass through construction Modal frequency objective optimization function, the FEM model of equivalent composite harden structure is have modified, there is highly important engineering Application value.
The present invention combines numerical simulation, experiment and optimisation technique, can correct that the composite with multi-parameter is equivalent to be had The material parameter of meta-model is limited, considers that the material constitutive relation parameter selected by Equivalent finite element model is more, causes parameter to be repaiied The problem of just accuracy is relatively low, cluster analysis is carried out using the relative sensitivity matrix of parameter, number of parameters to be modified is reduced, carries High revision program stability, provide and a kind of accurately answered based on what numerical simulation, experiment and optimization were combined for engineer applied Condensation material Equivalent finite element model parameter correction method.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the equivalent composite harden structure in embodiment；
Fig. 2 is parameter relative sensitivity figure to be modified；
Fig. 3 is parameter hierarchical tree figure to be modified；
Fig. 4 is clustering parameter sensitivity analysis figure；
Fig. 5 is the flow chart of the inventive method.
Embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the implementation Example.
Embodiment：A kind of composite structure correction method for finite element model based on cluster analysis, as shown in figure 5, tool Body process is as follows：
Step 1, composite harden structure is modeled using shell unit and solid element, obtains equivalent finite element mould Type, sandwich layer solid elements are represented as shown in figure 1, wherein 1 represents Shell Finite Element above, 2,3 represent following Shell Finite Elements, at the beginning of structure Beginning elastic parameter value is
Step 2, to obtaining structural experiment modal frequency and Mode Shape using dynamics modal experimental technique：
2.1) according to the geometric parameter of composite structure, its experimental model is established；
2.2) structure point layout, in structure boundary away from selection pick-up point at mode stationary point；
2.3) composite structure is hung with rubber rope, it is Z-direction to define perpendicular to the direction in suspension face, and It is at freedom-free state；Acceleration transducer is cohered and selected border pick-up opening position with glue；
2.4) power hammer and acceleration transducer are respectively connected to the corresponding interface of signal sampler with connecting line；
2.5) the model analysis module of dynamic test system is utilized, model analysis parameter is set；
2.6) firmly hammer applies impulsive force to the impacting point in structure along Z-direction successively, gathers each measuring point successively and exists By output acceleration signal at input power during pulse excitation and pick-up point；
2.7) modal parameter amendment is carried out to input/output signal with the signal analyzer of pilot system, passes through each point frequency response Lump, fitting and the amendment of function obtain the actual measurement modal frequency f of composite structureeWith Mode Shape Φe。
Step 3, treat corrected parameter using cluster analysis and carry out packet selection：
3.1) according to relative sensitivity calculation formula, relative sensitivity square of the modal frequency relative to elastic parameter is calculated Battle array, relative sensitivity Matrix Computation Formulas are as follows：
In formula, SrIt is relative sensitivity matrix, f is output modalities frequency vector, and p is that elastic parameter is vectorial, obtained bullet The relative sensitivity of property parameter is as shown in Figure 2；
3.2) cluster analysis, the elastic parameter relative sensitivity matrix obtained according to step 3.1, relative sensitivity row are calculated Vectorial gα, gβDistance d：
Relative sensitivity is classified apart from close parameter using hierarchical clustering algorithm, so as to obtain elastic parameter point Layer Dendrogram, as shown in figure 3, distance threshold 0.2 is recycled as parameter packet standard, as shown in phantom in Figure 2, to bullet Property parameter be grouped, from figure 3, it can be seen that packet situation it is as follows：P={ p1；p2；…；pj}={ { p1,p11}；{p2,p3}； {p4,p10}；{p5}；{p6,p9,p12}；{p7,p13}；{p8,p14,p15}；, n1=2, n2=2, n3=2, n4=1, n5=3, n6= 2,n7=3；
3.3) clustering parameter θ is definedjFor the relative change of jth group elastic parameter：
In formula, pjIt is vectorial for jth group elastic parameter,Represent jth group elastic parameter initial value, θjFor jth group elastic parameter pair The clustering parameter answered；Using the Calculation of Sensitivity formula of clustering parameter, clustering parameter is chosen, determines cluster to be modified Parameter：
In formula, ScThe sensitivity matrix of clustering parameter is represented, θ is clustering parameter vector, and the vectorial element is joined by cluster Number θjComposition；
According to relative sensitivity numerical values recited, the clustering parameter that relative sensitivity average value is maximum in each parameter is selected to carry out Amendment, the clustering parameter sensitivity finally given is as shown in figure 4, clustering parameter θ2And θ4Sensitirity va1ue obtain the order of magnitude compared to Other five clustering parameters are relatively low, therefore the band corrected parameter finally determined is reduced to 5 from 15, reduces in makeover process Pathosis.
Step 4, parameters revision is carried out to equivalent COMPOSITE FINITE ELEMENT model using optimization method：
4.1) the modal frequency f obtained according to finite element analysis modelaWith actual measurement modal frequency feConstruct residual vector ε (p) =fe-fa(p)；
4.2) objective optimization function is determined：The experimental modal frequency and Mode Shape obtained according to step 2, is put using mode Reliability MAC carries out Mode Shape matching, determines each rank Analysis Mode frequency corresponding to the experimental modal vibration shape,
In formula, M represents modal assurance criterion matrix, ΦaAnd ΦeAnalysis and the experimental modal vibration shape are represented respectively, are finally determined such as Under objective optimization function：
In formula, W=round (max (fe)·diag(fe)) weighting matrix that is worth to according to experimental modal frequency is represented, Round (), max () and diag () represent round, maximum operation and diagonal matrix computing, p tables respectively Show parameter vector to be modified, the physical meaning of the object function is：In the excursion [p of parameterl,pu] in, find and optimize ginseng Number causes two Norm minimums of experimental modal frequency and Analysis Mode frequency vector difference；
4.3) elasticity based on object function (19) the structure optimization indirect problem constructed to COMPOSITE FINITE ELEMENT model Parameter is modified, and obtains accurately and effectively finite element analysis model.

Claims (4)

  1. A kind of 1. composite structure correction method for finite element model based on cluster analysis, it is characterised in that：Including following step Suddenly：
    (1) formed according to composite structure geometric properties and component, using orthotropic material relationships to actual multiple Condensation material structure is modeled, and simplifies details component, only considers macroscopical configuration of composite structure, and establishing equivalent initial has Finite element analysis model；
    (2) according to the actual geometric parameter of composite structure, experimental model is established, using dynamics modal experimental technique, is measured The experimental modal frequency and Mode Shape of structure；
    (3) the relative sensitivity matrix of parameter to be modified is calculated, treating corrected parameter using hierarchical clustering algorithm carries out parameter point Group, then Relative sensitivity analysis is carried out to clustering parameter, select the clustering parameter that relative sensitivity average value is maximum in each parameter It is modified；
    (4) residual vector of the modal frequency of structural analysis model and actual measurement modal frequency, is established needed for analysis model amendment Object function, the optimization indirect problem for building object function are modified to the FEM model of composite structure.
  2. 2. the composite structure correction method for finite element model according to claim 1 based on cluster analysis, its feature It is：Step (2) obtains experimental modal frequency and the process of Mode Shape comprises the following steps：
    2.1) according to the geometric parameter of composite structure, its experimental model is established；
    2.2) structure point layout, in structure boundary away from selection pick-up point at mode stationary point；
    2.3) composite structure is hung with rubber rope, it is Z-direction to define perpendicular to the direction in suspension face, and makes it In freedom-free state, acceleration transducer is fixed on to selected pick-up point；
    2.4) power hammer and acceleration transducer are respectively connected to signal sampler；
    2.5) the model analysis module of dynamic test system is utilized, model analysis parameter is set；
    2.6) firmly hammer successively to the impacting point in structure along Z-direction apply impulsive force, gather successively each measuring point by Input power during pulse excitation is with exporting acceleration signal at pick-up point；
    2.7) modal parameter amendment is carried out to input/output signal with the signal analyzer of pilot system, passes through each point frequency response function Lump, fitting and amendment obtain the actual measurement modal frequency and Mode Shape of composite structure.
  3. 3. the composite structure correction method for finite element model according to claim 1 based on cluster analysis, its feature It is：Step (3) comprises the following steps：
    3.1) according to relative sensitivity calculation formula, relative sensitivity matrix of the modal frequency relative to elastic parameter is calculated：
    <mrow> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo>&amp;part;</mo> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>&amp;part;</mo> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mi>p</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
    In formula, SrIt is relative sensitivity matrix, f is output modalities frequency vector, and p is elastic parameter vector to be modified；
    3.2) relative sensitivity column vector g is calculatedα、gβDistance d：
    <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>g</mi> <mi>&amp;alpha;</mi> <mi>T</mi> </msubsup> <msub> <mi>g</mi> <mi>&amp;beta;</mi> </msub> </mrow> <msqrt> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msubsup> <mi>g</mi> <mi>&amp;alpha;</mi> <mi>T</mi> </msubsup> <msub> <mi>g</mi> <mi>&amp;alpha;</mi> </msub> <mo>)</mo> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <mo>(</mo> <msubsup> <mi>g</mi> <mi>&amp;beta;</mi> <mi>T</mi> </msubsup> <msub> <mi>g</mi> <mi>&amp;beta;</mi> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </msqrt> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
    Relative sensitivity is classified apart from close parameter using hierarchical clustering algorithm, so as to obtain the layering of elastic parameter Tree table reaches, and recycles distance threshold 0.2 to carry out packet p={ p to elastic parameter as parameter packet standard1；p2；…；pj, n1,n2,…,njThe respectively number of each group parameter, and n1+n2+…+nj=N, N represent elastic parameter sum；
    3.3) clustering parameter θ is definedjFor the relative change of jth group elastic parameter：
    <mrow> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mi>p</mi> <mi>j</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> 1
    In formula, pjIt is vectorial for jth group elastic parameter,Represent jth group elastic parameter initial value, θjTo gather corresponding to jth group bullet parameter Class parameter；
    Using the Calculation of Sensitivity formula of clustering parameter, clustering parameter is chosen, determines clustering parameter to be modified：
    <mrow> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo>&amp;part;</mo> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>&amp;part;</mo> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo>&amp;part;</mo> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>&amp;part;</mo> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
    In formula, ScThe sensitivity matrix of clustering parameter is represented, θ is clustering parameter vector, and the vectorial element is by clustering parameter θjGroup Into.
  4. 4. the composite structure correction method for finite element model according to claim 1 based on cluster analysis, its feature It is：Step (4) comprises the following steps：
    4.1) to resulting composite structure experimental modal frequency, the experimental modal vibration shape is determined using modal assurance criterion MAC Corresponding each rank Analysis Mode frequency, carry out Mode Shape matching：
    <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <msup> <mrow> <mo>|</mo> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;Phi;</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>T</mi> </msubsup> <msub> <mi>&amp;Phi;</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mo>|</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;Phi;</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>T</mi> </msubsup> <msub> <mi>&amp;Phi;</mi> <mi>a</mi> </msub> <mo>)</mo> <mo>(</mo> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;Phi;</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>T</mi> </msubsup> <msub> <mi>&amp;Phi;</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
    In formula, M represents modal assurance criterion matrix, ΦaAnd ΦeAnalysis and the experimental modal vibration shape are represented respectively, are finally defined below Objective optimization function：
    <mrow> <mfenced open = "{" close = ""> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mi>min</mi> <mi> </mi> <mi>J</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>&amp;epsiv;</mi> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>T</mi> </msup> <mi>W</mi> <mi>&amp;epsiv;</mi> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>.</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mi>l</mi> </msub> <mo>&amp;le;</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo>&amp;le;</mo> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mi>u</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
    In formula, p is elastic parameter to be modified vector, and J (p) represents object function, and ε (p) is modal frequency faWith modal frequency feStructure Residual vector and ε (p)=f madee-fa(p), W ε=round (max (fe)·diag(fe)), represent according to experimental modal frequency The weighting matrix being worth to, round (), max () and diag () represent respectively round, maximum operation and Diagonal matrix computing；The physical meaning of the object function is：In the excursion [p of parameterl,pu] in, finding the most optimized parameter makes Obtain two Norm minimums of experimental modal frequency and Analysis Mode frequency vector difference；
    4.3) elastic parameter of COMPOSITE FINITE ELEMENT model is entered based on object function (6) the structure optimization indirect problem constructed Row amendment, obtains effective elastic parameter.
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