CN107356673B - Nondestructive testing method using device for enhancing reflection signal at bottom end of anchor rod - Google Patents
Nondestructive testing method using device for enhancing reflection signal at bottom end of anchor rod Download PDFInfo
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- CN107356673B CN107356673B CN201710681165.3A CN201710681165A CN107356673B CN 107356673 B CN107356673 B CN 107356673B CN 201710681165 A CN201710681165 A CN 201710681165A CN 107356673 B CN107356673 B CN 107356673B
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- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012372 quality testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
A device for enhancing the reflection signal of the bottom end of an anchor rod and a method for correspondingly enhancing the reflection signal of the bottom end of the anchor rod are used for the nondestructive detection method of the anchor rod in the nondestructive detection field of engineering equipment. The device comprises an outermost layer, a second layer and an innermost ring, and particularly comprises a cylindrical shell, a joint section, a cavity section, a reflection arc, a fixing bolt and the like. The cylindrical shell is used as the outermost layer of the device to be in contact with the wall of the anchor rod hole and mortar, the joint section and the fixing bolt are in contact with the anchor rod body and used for fixing the device on the anchor rod body, and the cavity section and the reflection arc are used for enabling incident signals to generate strong reflection. The method for enhancing the reflection model of the bottom end of the anchor rod comprises the steps of fixing the device at the bottom end of the anchor rod, and utilizing the characteristics of larger impedance difference between the anchor rod body and the environmental wave of the bottom end and stronger reflection energy, the device can enable an incident signal to generate maximum reflection at the bottom end of the anchor rod body, so that the purpose of enhancing the reflection signal of the bottom end of the anchor rod in nondestructive testing is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nondestructive testing of engineering equipment, and particularly relates to a device capable of enhancing a reflected signal at the bottom end of an anchor rod in nondestructive testing of the anchor rod and a detection method using the device, so that the difficulty of analysis of anchor rod detection data is reduced, the accuracy and precision of the nondestructive testing method of the anchor rod are improved, and the anchoring quality state of the anchor rod is evaluated more objectively and accurately.
Background
The anchor bolt support is widely used in the geotechnical engineering of tunnels, such as water conservancy and hydropower, mines, highways and railways, and side slopes. And the judgment and evaluation of the quality of the anchor bolt supporting engineering are realized by an anchor bolt nondestructive testing technology.
The nondestructive testing technology of the anchor rod is used as a common quality testing method in anchor rod supporting engineering. The working principle is that elastic waves are excited at the end of the anchor rod, the elastic waves propagate in an anchor rod body system and are reflected after propagating to the bottom end of the anchor rod body, and the generated reflected waves are received by a receiver arranged at the end of the anchor rod. The anchoring quality of the anchor rod is evaluated by analyzing the reflected signal from the bottom end of the anchor rod. The method has the core elements that reflection signals from the bottom end of the anchor rod are analyzed, when the reflection energy of the bottom end of the anchor rod is stronger, the received reflection signals of the bottom end of the anchor rod are clearer, and the detected anchoring quality state of the anchor rod can be accurately evaluated by analyzing the clear reflection signals of the bottom end of the anchor rod. When the reflected energy of the bottom end of the anchor rod is smaller, the received reflected signal of the bottom end of the anchor rod is difficult to identify, and the detected anchoring quality state of the anchor rod cannot be accurately evaluated.
In the anchor bolt supporting quality detection process, because the anchor bolt body bottom and mortar bond better, anchor bolt and mortar wave impedance difference is less, is difficult to take place stronger reflection, and the condition that can carry out the effective signal weak of analysis, even unable discernment is often met, and under this condition, the inspector is difficult to make accurate evaluation to the anchor bolt anchoring quality state of detecting. In the previous researches, the researches on the problems are focused on how to extract effective reflection signals from weak reflection signals, however, the method is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and has lower accuracy.
Compared with the prior art, such as CN201464428U, CN201532381U, CN101650341A, the method has obvious advantages in key links. The first key link is that in the process of inserting holes of the anchor rod, the bottom reflecting device can not be firmly arranged at the bottom end of the anchor rod under the condition of large friction resistance between the rod body and the hole wall of the anchor rod, and the combination of the bottom reflecting signal enhancing device and the anchor rod is designed thoroughly and skillfully, so that the bottom reflecting device can be firmly arranged at the bottom end of the anchor rod under the condition of large friction resistance; the second key link is stock bottom reflection medium, and this patent is based on wave impedance principle, and incident wave propagates to the reason that the stock bottom can reflect strong reflection, is that incident wave has encountered two kinds of propagation medium that wave impedance difference is great, and this patent has made clear by various tests and contrast that the reflecting material that comprises air and polyethylene reflection medium, and two kinds of material wave impedance differences all have very big difference with stock and concrete.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention breaks through the traditional thinking, extends based on the wave impedance principle, utilizes the characteristic that when an incident wave propagates in two media, the wave impedance difference of the two media is larger, the reflection energy generated on the surfaces of the two media is stronger, designs a device capable of enhancing the bottom reflection signal of the anchor rod nondestructive test, and obtains the wave impedance parameters of a series of materials such as air, polyethylene, concrete, the anchor rod and the like through various test and comparison, wherein the wave impedance of the air is close to zero, the wave impedance of the polyethylene is about 0.49, the wave impedance of the concrete is about 8.6, the wave impedance of the anchor rod material is about 40.6, and the bottom reflection device material consisting of the air with larger wave impedance difference and the polyethylene reflection medium is selected. In the detection method, the device is used for setting the maximum wave impedance difference between the bottom end of the anchor rod body and the contact environment, so that the incident signal generates maximum reflection at the bottom end of the anchor rod body, and the technical problems of difficult separation of nondestructive detection data of the anchor rod, time and labor waste and lower accuracy are solved by analyzing the clear and enhanced reflection signal at the bottom end of the anchor rod.
The utility model provides a device of reinforcing stock bottom reflection signal, its bottom that can install and fix at the stock, the device includes the shell, and the inside lateral wall of shell is divided into joint section and cavity section, and wherein the lateral wall of joint section is in contact with the stock body of rod and is fixed together, has the reflection arc on the bottom inner wall of shell, and cavity section and reflection arc are used for making incident signal produce strong reflection.
The inner side wall of the shell forms a second layer and an innermost ring layer with different heights, and the second layer and the innermost ring layer and the outermost layer of the shell form a three-layer structure.
Preferably, the shell is cylindrical, the diameter of the outermost layer is smaller than the anchor rod hole, the diameter of the second layer is larger than the diameter of the anchor rod body, and the diameter of the innermost ring is smaller than the diameter of the anchor rod body; the second layer corresponds to the joint section, the innermost ring corresponds to the cavity section, and a jacking section is arranged between the second layer and the innermost ring and used for supporting the bottom of the anchor rod. Wherein the diameter of the outermost layer is smaller than 10-20mm of the anchor rod hole; the diameter of the second layer is 1-2mm larger than the diameter of the anchor rod body; the diameter of the innermost ring is smaller than the diameter of the anchor rod body by 2-4mm; the length of the second layer corresponding to the joint section is about 4cm, the length of the innermost ring corresponding to the cavity section is 5-8cm, and the length of the jacking section is about 4mm.
In addition, the shell can be preferably cylindrical, the diameter of the outermost layer is smaller than the anchor rod hole, the diameter of the second layer is consistent with the diameter of the anchor rod body, and the diameter of the innermost ring is larger than the diameter of the anchor rod body; wherein the second layer corresponds to the joint section and the innermost ring corresponds to the cavity section. Wherein the diameter of the outermost layer is smaller than 10-20mm of the anchor rod hole; the diameter of the innermost ring is 2-4mm larger than the diameter of the anchor rod body; the length of the second layer corresponding to the joint section is about 4cm, and the length of the innermost ring corresponding to the cavity section is 5-8cm.
The above device can also be provided with a fixing bolt at the joint section for enhancing the joint firmness of the device and the anchor rod.
The invention also relates to a nondestructive testing method based on the reflection signal of the bottom end of the reinforced anchor rod by using the device, which comprises the following steps: the device is installed and fixed at the bottom end of the anchor rod; exciting elastic waves with certain frequency at the end of the anchor rod; the reflected signal from the bottom end of the anchor rod body provided with the device is collected through the detector.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that the traditional thinking is broken through, the reflection signal enhancement device is arranged at the bottom end of the anchor rod body on the basis of the wave impedance principle from the anchor rod body, so that the reflection signal at the bottom end of the anchor rod is greatly enhanced, the current situation that the reflection signal at the bottom end of the anchor rod is generally weak is fundamentally changed, the enhanced reflection signal at the bottom end of the anchor rod is obtained through analysis, the difficulty in distinguishing and analyzing the reflection signal at the bottom end by a tester is greatly reduced, and the detection precision and accuracy of the anchor rod nondestructive detection technology are improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1: device example 1 to enhance the reflected signal at the bottom end of the anchor;
fig. 2: a cross-sectional view of apparatus example 1;
fig. 3: device example 2 to enhance the bolt bottom reflected signal;
fig. 4: a cross-sectional view of device example 2;
fig. 5: schematic diagram of a detection method using a device for enhancing the reflection signal at the bottom end of the anchor rod;
fig. 6: enhancing the detection waveform of the installed reflection signal device at the bottom end of the anchor rod;
fig. 7: detecting waveform of the reflection signal device at the bottom end of the reinforced anchor rod is not installed; 1-shell, 2-joint section, 3-cavity section, 4-reflection arc, 5-jacking section, 6-fixing bolt, 7-outermost layer, 8-second layer, 9-innermost ring, 10-signal vibration exciter, 11-incident wave, 12-stock, 13-bottom reflection signal enhancement device, 14-stock body bottom, 15-incident wave reflection process, 16-reflection wave, 17-signal receiver, 18-enhancement signal of bottom after installing reflection device, 19-bottom signal without installing reflection device.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The device for enhancing the reflection signal at the bottom end of the anchor rod can be installed and fixed at the bottom end of the anchor rod 12, and comprises a shell 1, wherein the inner side wall of the shell 1 is divided into a joint section 2 and a cavity section 3, the side wall of the joint section 2 is contacted with the anchor rod body and is fixed together, a reflection arc 4 is designed on the inner wall of the bottom of the shell 1, and the cavity section 3 and the reflection arc 4 are used for enabling an incident signal to generate strong reflection. The device may comprise, inter alia, two three-layer structures, each consisting of an outermost layer 7, a second layer 8 and an innermost ring 9. The device is cylindrical in shape, and the cylindrical shape is designed mainly for facilitating the insertion of the anchor rod 12, but the shell can be other shapes besides cylindrical, such as square cylinder, etc., according to the requirements.
Referring to fig. 1-2 of the specification, which is an apparatus of example 1, a specific internal structure is a three-layer structure: the outermost layer 7 is a cylinder with the diameter smaller than the anchor rod hole by 10-20mm; the second layer 8 is a cylindrical cavity with the diameter being 1-2mm larger than the diameter of the anchor rod body; the innermost ring 9 is a cylindrical cavity with the diameter being 2-4mm smaller than the diameter of the anchor rod body. A joint section 2 with the length of about 4cm is correspondingly arranged between the outermost layer 7 and the second layer 8, a fixing bolt 6 is arranged at the joint section 2, and the main purpose of arranging the joint section 2 is to increase the contact surface between the device and the anchor rod body and enhance the joint firmness between the device and the anchor rod; a jacking section 5 with the length of about 4mm is arranged between the second layer 8 and the innermost ring 9, the main purpose of the jacking section 5 is to support the bottom of the anchor rod, and when mortar permeates from a gap part between the outermost layer 7 and the anchor rod wall, the mortar can be blocked by the jacking section 5, so that the mortar cannot enter a cylindrical cavity of the innermost ring 9; the innermost ring 9 is provided with a cavity section 3 with the length of 5-8cm, the bottom of the cavity section 3 is provided with an arc-shaped reflecting surface, namely a reflecting arc 4, and the cavity section 3 and the reflecting arc 4 are arranged to enable an incident signal to be reflected maximally.
Referring to fig. 3-4 of the specification, which is the device of example 2, the specific internal structure is also a three-layer structure: the outermost layer 7 is a cylinder with the diameter smaller than the anchor rod hole by 10-20mm; the second layer 8 is a cylindrical cavity with the diameter consistent with the diameter of the anchor rod body, and the diameters of the two cavities are consistent, so that the anchor rod 12 can be tightly connected with the device, and mortar can be prevented from entering the cavity of the innermost ring 9; the innermost ring 9 is a cylindrical cavity with the diameter being 2-4mm larger than the diameter of the anchor rod body, and the design is mainly to enable the anchor rod bottom to form a larger bottom reflecting surface. A joint section 2 with the length of about 4cm is correspondingly arranged between the outermost layer 7 and the second layer 8, a fixing bolt 6 is arranged on the joint section 2, and the main purpose of arranging the joint section 2 is to increase the contact surface between the device and the anchor rod body and enhance the joint firmness between the device and the anchor rod. The innermost ring 9 is provided with a cavity section 3 with the length of 5-8cm, the bottom of the cavity section 3 is provided with an arc-shaped reflecting surface, namely a reflecting arc 4, and the cavity section 3 and the reflecting arc 4 are arranged to enable an incident signal to be reflected maximally.
Description figure 5 illustrates a detection method using a device for enhancing the reflected signal at the bottom end of the anchor rod. In the supporting construction process of the anchor rod 12, a bottom reflection signal enhancement device 13 is pre-installed at the bottom end of the anchor rod, and the bottom reflection signal enhancement device 13 and the anchor rod body form a maximum wave impedance difference environment at the bottom end of the anchor rod together. When the anchor rod 12 provided with the bottom reflection signal enhancement device 13 is subjected to nondestructive detection, elastic waves with certain frequency are excited at the end of the anchor rod, the elastic waves propagate along the anchor rod body, when the incident elastic waves propagate to the bottom 14 of the anchor rod body, according to the reflection principle of the waves, the waves are reflected when propagating in different media, and the intensity of reflection of the incident waves is determined by the magnitude of the impedance difference of the media waves. Through the reflection signal enhancement device 13 installed in advance at the stock body bottom 14, can make the incident wave that propagates to stock body bottom 14 take place the reflection in the maximum extent, and then stock detecting instrument can gather the strongest reflection signal from stock body bottom 14, and the stronger the stock bottom 14 reflection signal, the bottom reflection signal that stock detecting instrument gathered also is just clear, and the signal that stock detecting instrument gathered is clear more, just makes the inspector can more easily, more accurate judgement stock quality state. Referring to fig. 5 of the specification, a nondestructive testing method based on a reflection signal of a bottom end 14 of an enhanced anchor rod is provided, firstly, a signal vibration exciter 10 excites an incident wave 11 at the end of the anchor rod, the incident wave 11 propagates along the anchor rod body 12, reaches a bottom reflection signal enhancement device 13, an incident wave reflection process 15 occurs at the bottom end 14 of the anchor rod body, and an enhanced reflection wave 16 propagates back to the end of the anchor rod along the anchor rod body and is received by a signal receiver 17 arranged at the end of the anchor rod.
Fig. 6 shows a detection waveform after the reflection signal enhancing device is installed, and it can be seen from the waveform that the reflection signal at the bottom end of the anchor rod is significantly enhanced, the reflection signal amplitude of the enhancement signal 18 at the bottom end after the reflection device is installed reaches 51mv, and the reflection signal is visual and obvious; fig. 7 shows a waveform of detection of the reflection signal enhancing device without the reflection signal enhancing device, and it can be seen from the waveform that the reflection signal at the bottom end of the anchor rod is weak and difficult to identify, and the sound amplitude of the reflection signal of the bottom end signal 19 without the reflection device is 17mv. 6-7, under the condition that the incident signal is constant, the reflected signal at the bottom end provided with the reflected signal device is enhanced by about 3 times, and is visual and clear, so that the difficulty of analyzing nondestructive testing data of the anchor rod is greatly reduced, and the accuracy of nondestructive testing of the anchor rod is improved.
Therefore, the device for enhancing the reflected signal at the bottom end of the anchor rod is used, so that the maximum wave impedance difference environment is formed at the bottom end of the anchor rod, and the purpose of enhancing the reflected signal at the bottom end of the anchor rod in a nondestructive testing manner is achieved.
The foregoing description is only illustrative of some embodiments of a device for enhancing a reflected signal at a bottom end of an anchor rod and a detection method using the same, and since modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art, it is not intended to limit the invention to the specific structure and application scope of the device for enhancing a reflected signal at a bottom end of an anchor rod and the detection method using the same, and all possible modifications and equivalents thereof shall fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. A nondestructive testing method using a device for enhancing reflection signals at the bottom end of an anchor rod is characterized by comprising the following steps: the device can be installed and fixed at the bottom end of an anchor rod and comprises a shell, wherein the inner side wall of the shell is divided into a joint section and a cavity section, the side wall of the joint section is contacted with the anchor rod body and is fixed together, a reflection arc is designed on the inner wall of the bottom of the shell, and the cavity section and the reflection arc are used for enabling incident signals to generate strong reflection;
the inner side wall of the shell forms a second layer and an innermost ring layer with different heights, and the second layer and the outermost layer of the shell form a three-layer structure;
the shell is cylindrical, the diameter of the outermost layer is smaller than the diameter of the anchor rod hole by 10-20mm, the diameter of the second layer is larger than the diameter of the anchor rod body, and the diameter of the innermost ring is smaller than the diameter of the anchor rod body; the second layer corresponds to the joint section, the innermost ring corresponds to the cavity section, and a jacking section is arranged between the second layer and the innermost ring and used for supporting the bottom of the anchor rod; the diameter of the second layer is 1-2mm larger than the diameter of the anchor rod body; the diameter of the innermost ring is smaller than the diameter of the anchor rod body by 2-4mm; the length of the second layer corresponding to the joint section is 4cm, the length of the innermost ring corresponding to the cavity section is 5-8cm, and the length of the jacking section is 4mm;
or the shell is cylindrical, the diameter of the outermost layer is smaller than the diameter of the anchor rod hole by 10-20mm, the diameter of the second layer is consistent with the diameter of the anchor rod body, and the diameter of the innermost ring is larger than the diameter of the anchor rod body; wherein the second layer corresponds to the joint section and the innermost ring corresponds to the cavity section; the diameter of the innermost ring is 2-4mm larger than the diameter of the anchor rod body; the length of the second layer corresponding to the joint section is 4cm, and the length of the innermost ring corresponding to the cavity section is 5-8 cm;
the joint section is provided with a fixing bolt for enhancing the joint firmness of the device and the anchor rod;
the material of the device comprises polyethylene, and the reflective material is composed of air and a polyethylene reflective medium;
the method comprises the following steps:
the device is installed and fixed at the bottom end of the anchor rod;
exciting elastic waves with certain frequency at the end of the anchor rod;
and the reflected signals from the bottom end of the anchor rod body, which is fixedly provided with the device, are collected through the detector.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710681165.3A CN107356673B (en) | 2017-08-10 | 2017-08-10 | Nondestructive testing method using device for enhancing reflection signal at bottom end of anchor rod |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710681165.3A CN107356673B (en) | 2017-08-10 | 2017-08-10 | Nondestructive testing method using device for enhancing reflection signal at bottom end of anchor rod |
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| CN107356673A CN107356673A (en) | 2017-11-17 |
| CN107356673B true CN107356673B (en) | 2024-01-30 |
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| CN107356673A (en) | 2017-11-17 |
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