CN107354533B - Conductive polyester fiber - Google Patents
Conductive polyester fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN107354533B CN107354533B CN201710726939.XA CN201710726939A CN107354533B CN 107354533 B CN107354533 B CN 107354533B CN 201710726939 A CN201710726939 A CN 201710726939A CN 107354533 B CN107354533 B CN 107354533B
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/14—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyester as constituent
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/09—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt for making electroconductive or anti-static filaments
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a conductive polyester fiber, which adopts fiber-grade polyester, low-melting point polymer and conductive additive as raw materials, the composite fiber with the sheath-core structure is prepared by a composite spinning process, the core layer is fiber-grade polyester, the sheath layer is a low-melting-point polymer and conductive master batches, the conductive master batches contain 10-30 wt% of a conductive additive, the conductive additive comprises 75-95 wt% of modified nano copper powder and 5-25 wt% of a matrix polymer, the modified nano copper powder is nano copper powder coated by a metal tin and metal bismuth alloy layer, the nano copper powder is coated by metal bismuth and then coated by metal tin, the contact section of the nano copper powder and the metal bismuth forms a copper-bismuth alloy, and the contact section of the metal bismuth and the metal tin forms a bismuth-tin alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of functional polyester fibers, in particular to a conductive polyester fiber.
Background
In the 60 th of the 20 th century, people began to research and develop conductive fibers, different types of conductive fibers were gradually developed along with continuous and deep research, the production and application technology of conductive fibers for textiles gradually matured, and the products of the conductive fibers are widely applied to the fields of antistatic textiles, electromagnetic shielding textiles, intelligent textiles, anti-detection camouflage materials and the like.
Conductive fibers generally refer to fibers having a resistivity of less than 10 under standard conditions (20 ℃, 65% RH)7The omega cm fiber can be divided into three types, namely metal conductive fiber, carbon fiber and organic conductive fiber. The metal fiber has excellent conductivity, and the metal fiber for spinning is usually made into short fiber and blended with common textile fiberWeaving, but the specific gravity is large, the cohesive force is small, the spinnability is poor, and the prepared high linear density fiber is expensive. The conductivity of the carbon fiber is between that of nonmetal and metal, but the carbon fiber lacks toughness and is not resistant to bending, so that the textile application field is relatively narrow and is generally only limited to composite materials. The basic physical and mechanical properties of the organic conductive fiber are similar to those of common textile fibers, the textile processing performance is excellent, the dyeing performance and the chemical reagent resistance are good, the conductivity is durable, and the organic conductive fiber is not easily influenced by the temperature and the humidity of the environment.
The conductive phase of the high-conductivity organic conductive fiber is mainly noble metal silver, which is because silver has excellent conductivity and chemical stability, but is expensive. The conductivity (K) of copper is equivalent to that of silver (K)Ag = 6.3 × 107 S /m，KCu = 5.7 × 107S/m) and is inexpensive, and the use of copper instead of silver has become a hot spot in the research of organic conductive fibers.
The invention of Chinese patent CN 105350045B discloses a conductive fiber and a preparation method thereof, the fiber is subjected to chemical copper plating and then silver electroplating in a continuous advancing mode, namely, the fiber is orderly arranged and wound into a shaft, and then the filament is annealed to prepare the silver-coated copper conductive fiber through various procedures of activation, chemical plating, electroplating and the like. The conductive component of the conductive fiber only covers the surface of the substrate fiber, and the conductive substance is easy to peel off after friction and washing, so that the wear resistance and the washing resistance are poor, and the service performance of the fiber is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides the conductive polyester fiber which has the characteristics of good conductivity, durability, good friction resistance, easy cohesion with common fibers, easy blending and interweaving and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a conductive polyester fiber is prepared from fiber-grade polyester, a low-melting-point polymer and a conductive additive serving as raw materials by a composite spinning process to form a composite fiber with a sheath-core structure, wherein the core layer is fiber-grade polyester, the sheath layer is the low-melting-point polymer and conductive master batches, and the conductive master batches contain 10-30 wt% of the conductive additive, and the conductive polyester fiber is characterized in that: the conductive additive comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
75-95 wt% of modified nano copper powder;
5-25 wt% of matrix polymer.
The modified nano copper powder is coated by a metal tin and metal bismuth alloy layer, the nano copper powder is coated by metal bismuth and then coated by metal tin, the contact section of the nano copper powder and the metal bismuth forms a copper-bismuth alloy, and the contact section of the metal bismuth and the metal tin forms a bismuth-tin alloy.
The specific gravity of the metal copper, the metal tin and the metal bismuth in the modified nanometer copper powder is as follows:
90-95 wt% of metallic copper;
3-8 wt% of metallic tin;
0.5-3 wt% of metal bismuth.
The diameter of the modified nano copper powder is 50-500 nm.
Matrix polymers include, but are not limited to, polyvinylpyrrolidone, acrylic resins, and epoxy resins.
The addition amount of the conductive master batch is 10-20 wt% of the low-melting-point polymer.
The low melting point polymer includes, but is not limited to, low melting point polyester having a softening point of 110 to 180 ℃, low melting point polyamide having a softening point of 80 to 150 ℃, and polypropylene.
The ratio of the core layer fiber-grade polyester to the skin layer low-melting-point polymer in the composite fiber is 75: 25-90: 10.
compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts copper as the conductive phase of the conductive polyester fiber, has good conductive performance, rich raw material sources and low price, is beneficial to reducing the production cost and obtains larger profit margin;
2. the copper adopted by the invention is nano-scale, so that the uniform mixing in the skin layer material is easy to realize, the spinning difficulty is favorably reduced, and the mass production is realized;
3. the nano copper powder adopted by the invention is modified, the nano copper powder is coated with metal bismuth and then coated with metal tin, the contact section of the nano copper powder and the metal bismuth forms a copper-bismuth alloy, and the contact section of the metal bismuth and the metal tin forms a bismuth-tin alloy, so that the nano copper powder is protected from being oxidized, and good conductivity is kept;
4. the skin layer material low-melting-point polymer adopted by the invention comprises, but is not limited to, low-melting-point polyester with the softening point of 110-180 ℃, low-melting-point polyamide with the softening point of 80-150 ℃ and polypropylene, and the bismuth-tin alloy is a low-temperature alloy with the melting point of 139-232 ℃, so that the low-melting-point polymer can be fused during the heated curing time, the contact area among modified nano copper powder particles is increased, the contact resistance is reduced, and the conductivity of the conductive fiber is improved.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A conductive polyester fiber is prepared by taking fiber-grade polyester, a low-melting-point polymer and a conductive additive as raw materials and preparing the composite fiber into a sheath-core structure through a composite spinning process, wherein a core layer is the fiber-grade polyester, a skin layer is the low-melting-point polymer and a conductive master batch, the conductive master batch contains 10wt% of the conductive additive, and the conductive additive comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 75wt% of modified nano copper powder and 25wt% of matrix polymer. The modified nano copper powder is coated by a metal tin and metal bismuth alloy layer, the nano copper powder is coated by metal bismuth and then coated by metal tin, the contact section of the nano copper powder and the metal bismuth forms a copper-bismuth alloy, and the contact section of the metal bismuth and the metal tin forms a bismuth-tin alloy. The specific gravity of the metal copper, the metal tin and the metal bismuth in the modified nanometer copper powder is as follows: 90wt% of metallic copper, 8wt% of metallic tin and 2wt% of metallic bismuth. The diameter of the modified nano copper powder is 50-500 nm. The matrix polymer is polyvinylpyrrolidone. The addition amount of the conductive master batch is 10wt% of the low-melting-point polymer. The low-melting polymer is a low-melting polyester having a softening point of 110 ℃. The ratio of the core layer fiber grade polyester to the skin layer low melting point polymer in the composite fiber is 75: 25.
Example 2
A kind of conductive polyester fiber, use fibre-grade polyester, low-melting polymer and conductive additive as raw materials, prepare into the composite fiber of the core-skin structure through the compound spinning craft, the core layer is fibre-grade polyester, the cortical layer is low-melting polymer and conductive masterbatch, contain 10wt% conductive additive in the conductive masterbatch, the composition and proportion of the conductive additive are: 75wt% of modified nano copper powder and 25wt% of matrix polymer. The modified nano copper powder is coated by a metal tin and metal bismuth alloy layer, the nano copper powder is coated by metal bismuth and then coated by metal tin, the contact section of the nano copper powder and the metal bismuth forms a copper-bismuth alloy, and the contact section of the metal bismuth and the metal tin forms a bismuth-tin alloy. The specific gravity of the metal copper, the metal tin and the metal bismuth in the modified nanometer copper powder is as follows: 90wt% of metallic copper, 8wt% of metallic tin and 2wt% of metallic bismuth. The diameter of the modified nano copper powder is 50-500 nm. The matrix polymer is polyvinylpyrrolidone. The addition amount of the conductive master batch is 10wt% of the low-melting-point polymer. The low-melting polymer is a low-melting polyester having a softening point of 180 ℃. The ratio of the core layer fiber grade polyester to the skin layer low melting point polymer in the composite fiber is 75: 25.
Example 3
A conductive polyester fiber is prepared by taking fiber-grade polyester, a low-melting-point polymer and a conductive additive as raw materials and preparing the composite fiber into a sheath-core structure through a composite spinning process, wherein a core layer is the fiber-grade polyester, a skin layer is the low-melting-point polymer and a conductive master batch, the conductive master batch contains 10wt% of the conductive additive, and the conductive additive comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 75wt% of modified nano copper powder and 25wt% of matrix polymer. The modified nano copper powder is coated by a metal tin and metal bismuth alloy layer, the nano copper powder is coated by metal bismuth and then coated by metal tin, the contact section of the nano copper powder and the metal bismuth forms a copper-bismuth alloy, and the contact section of the metal bismuth and the metal tin forms a bismuth-tin alloy. The specific gravity of the metal copper, the metal tin and the metal bismuth in the modified nanometer copper powder is as follows: 90wt% of metallic copper, 8wt% of metallic tin and 2wt% of metallic bismuth. The diameter of the modified nano copper powder is 50-500 nm. The matrix polymer is polyvinylpyrrolidone. The addition amount of the conductive master batch is 10wt% of the low-melting-point polymer. The low-melting polymer is a low-melting polyester having a softening point of 140 ℃. The ratio of the core layer fiber grade polyester to the skin layer low melting point polymer in the composite fiber is 75: 25.
Example 4
A conductive polyester fiber is prepared by taking fiber-grade polyester, a low-melting-point polymer and a conductive additive as raw materials and preparing the composite fiber into a sheath-core structure through a composite spinning process, wherein a core layer is the fiber-grade polyester, a skin layer is the low-melting-point polymer and a conductive master batch, the conductive master batch contains 30wt% of the conductive additive, and the conductive additive comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 95wt% of modified nano copper powder and 5wt% of matrix polymer. The modified nano copper powder is coated by a metal tin and metal bismuth alloy layer, the nano copper powder is coated by metal bismuth and then coated by metal tin, the contact section of the nano copper powder and the metal bismuth forms a copper-bismuth alloy, and the contact section of the metal bismuth and the metal tin forms a bismuth-tin alloy. The specific gravity of the metal copper, the metal tin and the metal bismuth in the modified nanometer copper powder is as follows: 95wt% of metallic copper, 2wt% of metallic tin and 3wt% of metallic bismuth. The diameter of the modified nano copper powder is 50-500 nm. The matrix polymer is an acrylic resin. The addition amount of the conductive master batch is 20wt% of the low-melting-point polymer. The low melting polymer is a low melting polyamide having a softening point of 80 ℃. The ratio of the core layer fiber-grade polyester to the skin layer low-melting-point polymer in the composite fiber is 90: 10.
example 5
A conductive polyester fiber is prepared by taking fiber-grade polyester, a low-melting-point polymer and a conductive additive as raw materials and preparing the composite fiber into a sheath-core structure through a composite spinning process, wherein a core layer is the fiber-grade polyester, a skin layer is the low-melting-point polymer and a conductive master batch, the conductive master batch contains 30wt% of the conductive additive, and the conductive additive comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 95wt% of modified nano copper powder and 5wt% of matrix polymer. The modified nano copper powder is coated by a metal tin and metal bismuth alloy layer, the nano copper powder is coated by metal bismuth and then coated by metal tin, the contact section of the nano copper powder and the metal bismuth forms a copper-bismuth alloy, and the contact section of the metal bismuth and the metal tin forms a bismuth-tin alloy. The specific gravity of the metal copper, the metal tin and the metal bismuth in the modified nanometer copper powder is as follows: 95wt% of metallic copper, 2wt% of metallic tin and 3wt% of metallic bismuth. The diameter of the modified nano copper powder is 50-500 nm. The matrix polymer is an acrylic resin. The addition amount of the conductive master batch is 20wt% of the low-melting-point polymer. The low melting polymer is a low melting polyamide having a softening point of 150 ℃. The ratio of the core layer fiber-grade polyester to the skin layer low-melting-point polymer in the composite fiber is 90: 10.
example 6
A conductive polyester fiber is prepared by taking fiber-grade polyester, a low-melting-point polymer and a conductive additive as raw materials and preparing the composite fiber into a sheath-core structure through a composite spinning process, wherein a core layer is the fiber-grade polyester, a skin layer is the low-melting-point polymer and a conductive master batch, the conductive master batch contains 30wt% of the conductive additive, and the conductive additive comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 95wt% of modified nano copper powder and 5wt% of matrix polymer. The modified nano copper powder is coated by a metal tin and metal bismuth alloy layer, the nano copper powder is coated by metal bismuth and then coated by metal tin, the contact section of the nano copper powder and the metal bismuth forms a copper-bismuth alloy, and the contact section of the metal bismuth and the metal tin forms a bismuth-tin alloy. The specific gravity of the metal copper, the metal tin and the metal bismuth in the modified nanometer copper powder is as follows: 95wt% of metallic copper, 2wt% of metallic tin and 3wt% of metallic bismuth. The diameter of the modified nano copper powder is 50-500 nm. The matrix polymer is an acrylic resin. The addition amount of the conductive master batch is 20wt% of the low-melting-point polymer. The low melting polymer is a low melting polyamide having a softening point of 110 ℃. The ratio of the core layer fiber-grade polyester to the skin layer low-melting-point polymer in the composite fiber is 90: 10.
example 7
A conductive polyester fiber is prepared by taking fiber-grade polyester, a low-melting-point polymer and a conductive additive as raw materials and preparing the composite fiber into a sheath-core structure through a composite spinning process, wherein a core layer is the fiber-grade polyester, a skin layer is the low-melting-point polymer and a conductive master batch, the conductive master batch contains 20wt% of the conductive additive, and the conductive additive comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 85wt% of modified nano copper powder and 15wt% of matrix polymer. The modified nano copper powder is coated by a metal tin and metal bismuth alloy layer, the nano copper powder is coated by metal bismuth and then coated by metal tin, the contact section of the nano copper powder and the metal bismuth forms a copper-bismuth alloy, and the contact section of the metal bismuth and the metal tin forms a bismuth-tin alloy. The specific gravity of the metal copper, the metal tin and the metal bismuth in the modified nanometer copper powder is as follows: 91.5wt% of metallic copper, 8wt% of metallic tin and 0.5wt% of metallic bismuth. The diameter of the modified nano copper powder is 50-500 nm. The matrix polymer is an epoxy resin. The addition amount of the conductive master batch is 15wt% of the low-melting-point polymer. The low melting polymer is polypropylene. The ratio of the core layer fiber-grade polyester to the skin layer low-melting-point polymer in the composite fiber is 80: 20.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only intended to further illustrate one of the conductive polyester fibers of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above-mentioned embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The conductive polyester fiber is characterized in that fiber-grade polyester, a low-melting-point polymer and a conductive additive are used as raw materials, a composite fiber with a sheath-core structure is prepared through a composite spinning process, the core layer is made of the fiber-grade polyester, the sheath layer is made of the low-melting-point polymer and a conductive master batch, and the conductive master batch contains 10-30 wt% of the conductive additive;
the conductive additive comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
75-95 wt% of modified nano copper powder;
5-25 wt% of matrix polymer;
the modified nano copper powder is coated by a metal tin and metal bismuth alloy layer, the nano copper powder is coated by metal bismuth and then coated by metal tin, a contact section of the nano copper powder and the metal bismuth forms a copper-bismuth alloy, and a contact section of the metal bismuth and the metal tin forms a bismuth-tin alloy;
the specific gravity of the metal copper, the metal tin and the metal bismuth in the modified nanometer copper powder is as follows:
90-95 wt% of metallic copper;
3-8 wt% of metallic tin;
0.5-3 wt% of metal bismuth;
the addition amount of the conductive master batch is 10-20 wt% of the low-melting-point polymer;
the ratio of the core layer fiber-grade polyester to the skin layer low-melting-point polymer in the composite fiber is 75: 25-90: 10.
2. The conductive polyester fiber according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the modified copper nanoparticles is 50 to 500 nm.
3. The conductive polyester fiber of claim 1, wherein the matrix polymer comprises polyvinylpyrrolidone, acrylic resin or epoxy resin.
4. The conductive polyester fiber according to claim 1, wherein the low-melting polymer comprises a low-melting polyester having a softening point of 110 to 180 ℃, a low-melting polyamide having a softening point of 80 to 150 ℃, or polypropylene.
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