CN107350653A - Laser welding plumage brightness controls and molten bath guard method and device - Google Patents
Laser welding plumage brightness controls and molten bath guard method and device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107350653A CN107350653A CN201710770898.4A CN201710770898A CN107350653A CN 107350653 A CN107350653 A CN 107350653A CN 201710770898 A CN201710770898 A CN 201710770898A CN 107350653 A CN107350653 A CN 107350653A
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- Prior art keywords
- welding
- laser
- nozzle
- plumage brightness
- molten bath
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/12—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to investigating the properties, e.g. the weldability, of materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/1462—Nozzles; Features related to nozzles
- B23K26/1464—Supply to, or discharge from, nozzles of media, e.g. gas, powder, wire
- B23K26/147—Features outside the nozzle for feeding the fluid stream towards the workpiece
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of method and device of the control of laser welding plumage brightness and molten bath protection, belongs to welding field.Laser beam line focus is acted on workpiece caused by laser, forms deep molten aperture and molten bath；The inner tube of double-deck nozzle is placed in above microstome, by being connected with air extractor, makes to form stable negative pressure state at microstome region, spraying plumage brightness in hole is evacuated through inner tube and quickly escapes；The outer tube of double-deck nozzle is placed in above molten bath, leads to protective gas protection welding pool.Form nozzle inner tube vacuum cavitations plumage brightness and outer tube leads to the method for laser welding in protective gas protection molten bath.On the one hand the present invention can thoroughly be removed absorption and scattering process of the plumage brightness to laser, be provided more preferable transmission channel for laser beam, it is fully focused in welding workpiece, the capacity usage ratio of laser is greatly improved by local decompression's environment above microstome.On the other hand, after nozzle inner tube removes plumage brightness to the disturbance of protection air-flow, nozzle outer tube can preferably protect welding pool.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of welding method, belongs to Materialbearbeitung mit Laserlicht technical field, more particularly to a kind of laser welding
Plumage brightness controls and molten bath guard method and device.
Background technology
Laser welding has high energy density, welding efficiency height, heat input is small, welding deformation is small, nothing in welding process
It the notable the advantages of such as need to directly contact, it is considered to be one of 21 century Material Joining Technology the most advanced, obtain extensive
Using.In recent years, solid state laser (such as optical-fiber laser, disk laser and Nd:YAG laser) there are tremendous development, this kind of laser
Advantage of the device in terms of material processing is also more and more obvious.By taking optical fiber laser as an example, it has, and electro-optical efficiency is high, exports
The comprehensive advantages such as power is high, beam quality is high, processing flexibility is high, operating cost is low, a kind of high-quality heat is provided for material processing
Source.
Plumage brightness is a kind of intrinsic physical phenomenon in this kind of laser welding, obvious negative effect to welding process be present.
On the one hand, to incident laser there is absorption and scattering effect in the particulate in plumage brightness, so significantly reduce welding penetration and influence
The stability of welding process.On the other hand, this kind of laser beam welding evaporation is violent, and the speed that plumage brightness is erupted in hole is reachable
250m/s, far above the protection air-flow speed that molten bath is flowed in nozzle.The plumage brightness erupted upwards will to the perturbation potential of protection air-flow
Influence protecting effect of the protection gas to molten bath.Therefore, negative effect of the laser welding plumage brightness to welding process is controlled to have important
Scientific meaning and engineering application value, including improve welding in laser capacity usage ratio, improve production efficiency, improve welding
Process stability, the generation for reducing weld defect and raising appearance of weld and molten bath protecting effect etc..
Plumage brightness, but disturbance of the high velocity air above molten bath to welding pool can be blown down using crossjet, by butt welding
Termination process is stable and molten bath is protected etc. introduces negative effect.Plumage brightness can be siphoned away by the way of tracheae side is inhaled, but is inhaled
Negative pressure caused by gas will cause air flow molten bath zone, influence molten bath protection.The production of plumage brightness can be suppressed using vacuum welding
Raw and protecting effect is fine, but vacuum welding reduces the flexibility of laser welding, and improves processing cost.Laser-arc is answered
Closing welding can be by the negative effect of electric arc burn off plumage brightness, elimination plumage brightness, but this method also reduces the flexible of laser welding
Property, and add heat input and expand heat effect area, property of welded joint reduces and workpiece thermal deformation increases etc. will be caused
Problem.In order to overcome above mentioned problem, the present invention proposes a kind of suppression plumage brightness while protects the method and apparatus in molten bath.This method
And device can improve the utilization rate and welding efficiency, the stability for improving welding process of laser energy, can protect welding molten again
Pond, and the pliability of conventional laser welding is had no adverse effect.
The content of the invention
In the case of not influenceing conventional laser welding flexibility and processing cost, there is provided one kind control
Plumage brightness and the method and apparatus for protecting molten bath.Wherein welder include focusing on laser beam, coaxial double-layer nozzle and extract system,
Protect gas system.Workpiece is welding object, and plumage brightness, deep molten aperture, welding pool and weld seam are formed in welding process；Welding
When, laser beam acts on workpiece, and air extractor is connected to the inner tube of double-deck nozzle；The inner tube outlet of double-deck nozzle is disposed in aperture
Near mouthful, aperture subnormal ambient is given by air extractor, and siphon away plumage brightness；The outer tube of double-deck nozzle passes to protective gas air-flow
It is covered on welding pool.
The present invention adds small-bore inner tube using at the center of conventional side-blown protection nozzle, forms double-deck nozzle.Bilayer spray
The inner tube of mouth provides negative pressure and the method for siphoning away plumage brightness, the transmission channel of purification light beam to plate face, reduces plumage brightness and laser is born
Face rings, and can not only improve the capacity usage ratio and welding efficiency of laser, and can significantly improve welding process stability
And appearance of weld, and molten bath is not protected and introduce negative effect.On the one hand, air pressure superatmospheric in aperture, nozzle inner tube are straight
Footpath is smaller, there is provided negative pressure (inspiratory capacity) it is limited；It can reach inner spout negative pressure and offset office caused by the eruption of aperture oral pore inner vapor
Portion's high pressure simultaneously siphons away plumage brightness, while external environment condition is not had an impact or influences less purpose.On the other hand, nozzle outer tube
The protection air-flow of offer can prevent the oxygen in air from being had an impact to molten bath.In addition, this method is in conventional side-blown protection spray
Inner tube is added inside mouth again, has no effect on traditional laser welding mode, so the characteristics of fully maintaining laser welding.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a kind of side, coaxial double-layer nozzle inner tube suction plumage
Brightness and outer tube lead to the method for laser welding and device of protection air-flow, in welding process the energy of laser be used to melting workpiece realize it is deep
Fusion welding, weld seam being formed, air extractor is connected with double-deck nozzle inner tube, and inner spout is placed in above microstome and siphons away plumage brightness, so
The plumage brightness in laser optical path is reduced or eliminated, so as to improve the capacity usage ratio of laser and welding efficiency, while significantly improves weldering
Termination process stability, is greatly decreased spatter.The outer tube of nozzle leads to protection air-flow protection welding pool.This method and device are complete
Whole maintains the characteristics of conventional laser is welded.
Laser beam is Solid State Laser (optical-fiber laser, Nd:YAG laser and disk laser) or semiconductor laser；Coaxial double-layer
The angle of nozzle and laser beam axis is 5 °~90 °, and it is axially 0 °~180 ° with the angle of welding direction；Nozzle inner tube diameter is
0.5mm~3mm, outer tube diameter are 4mm~20mm；Exit, inner spout is longer 0.5mm~15mm than outer spout along axis；It is interior
Outer spout plane can be parallel to weld pool surface, also can be axial perpendicular to nozzle, or therebetween.Air extractor sprays through bilayer
The inner tube of mouth is 1 × 10 in partial pressure caused by microstome enclosure region-2Pa~1.01 × 105Pa, pass through Valve controlling.It is double
It is 1L/min~50L/min that layer nozzle outer tube, which leads to protection air-flow amount,.Can positive out of focus, negative defocus or the welding of zero defocus；It is also applied for
Wire filling laser welding and pulsed laser welding.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that：During double-deck nozzle auxiliary laser welding, air extractor
Connect inner tube and negative pressure is provided, and siphon away plumage brightness；Outer tube leads to protection air-flow protection molten bath.This method can not only improve the energy of laser
Utilization rate and welding efficiency are measured, significantly improves welding process stability and appearance of weld, and can prevent weld seam from aoxidizing, improves weldering
Stitch protecting effect.This method does not change the processing pliability of conventional laser welding, fully maintains the characteristics of conventional laser is welded.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is this welding method welder schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 (a) is that single protection air-flow protects laser weld surface effect figure.
Fig. 2 (b) is to use welded seam surface effect figure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 (a) is that single protection air-flow protects laser weld cross section design sketch.
Fig. 3 (b) is to use welded seam cross section of the present invention design sketch.
Fig. 4 (a) is that single protection air-flow protects laser welding plumage brightness aspect graph.
Fig. 4 (b) is using present invention welding plumage brightness aspect graph.
In figure：1st, welding workpiece, 2, protection air-flow, 3, deep molten aperture, 4, plumage brightness, 5, laser beam, 6, focus lamp, 7, laser
Device, 8, light path system, 9, coaxial double-layer nozzle, 10, inner tube, 11, outer tube, 12, exhaust pipe, 13, pumping air valve, 14, pumping
Device, 15, protection gas air valve, 16, protection airway, 17, protection gas cylinder, 18, molten bath and weld seam.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention will be further described, but the present invention is not limited to following examples.
Fig. 1 is coaxial double-layer Jet control plumage brightness and the laser soldering device schematic diagram for protecting molten bath, wherein welder
Including laser beam 5, coaxial double-layer nozzle 9 (including inner tube 10 and outer tube 11), the air extractor 14 for providing negative pressure and provide protection
The gas cylinder 17 of gas, wherein workpiece 1 are welding object, and deep molten aperture 3, plumage brightness 4, welding pool and weld seam 18 are in welding process
Formed；During welding, laser beam 5 acts on workpiece 1, and the position of double-deck nozzle 9 and laser beam 5 is relatively fixed；Negative pressure and guarantor
Shield air-flow 2 results from the inner tube 10 and outer tube 11 of coaxial double-layer nozzle respectively；The energy of laser is used for smelter in welding process
Part 1 realizes penetration fustion welding aperture 3 and molten bath 18, air extractor 14 and the collective effect of inner tube 10, there is provided negative pressure is siphoned away in light path
Plumage brightness 4, so as to improve the capacity usage ratio of laser and welding efficiency, while welding process stability is significantly improved, be greatly decreased
Spatter.Because protection air-flow 2 acts on welding pool 18, molten bath 18 is effectively protected.Therefore, this method is completely protected
The characteristics of having held conventional laser welding, its original processing flexibility is not influenceed.
Laser beam 5 is Solid State Laser (optical-fiber laser, YAG laser and DISC laser) or semiconductor laser；Coaxial double-layer sprays
The inner tube 10 of mouth 9 is connected with air extractor 14 through exhaust pipe 12, and its pressure is 1 × 10-2Pa~1.01 × 105Pa, pass through gas
Valve 13 controls；Lead to protection air-flow 2 in outer tube 11, its flow is 1L/min~50L/min；Coaxial double-layer nozzle 9 and laser beam 5
Angle is 5 °~90 °, and the angle of its projection and welding direction in plate face is 0 °~180 °；Nozzle inner tube diameter is 0.5mm
~3mm, outer tube diameter are 4mm~20mm；Exit, inner spout is longer 0.5mm~15mm than outer spout along axis；Inside/outside surface of tube end
Plane can be parallel to weld pool surface, also can be axial perpendicular to nozzle, or therebetween.
In the present embodiment, workpiece is the thick ingot irons of 10mm, tests the laser used as YLS-6000 optical-fiber lasers
Device, its wavelength are 1.07 μm；Protective gas is argon gas；Welding condition is：Laser power 5kW, speed of welding 2m/min, together
The angle of axle bilayer nozzle and optical axis is 45 °, and it is 0 ° in the projection on welded blank surface and the angle of welding direction.Fig. 2
(a) laser weld surface effect figure is protected for single injector protection air-flow, Fig. 2 (b) is using the weld seam obtained by the present invention
Surface effect figure, contrast find to carry out welding using the present invention and significantly improve welding process stability, and weld seam is narrower, weld seam into
Shape improves substantially, and improves the protecting effect of weld seam；Fig. 3 (b) is using the seam cross-section obtained by the present invention, identical
Laser power and speed of welding in the case of, welding penetration shows than fusion penetration of the single injector protection optical-fiber laser welding (see Fig. 3 (a))
Write and improve, and molten wide then reduces.It can be seen that the capacity usage ratio and welding efficiency of laser can be improved using the present invention, protect simultaneously
The characteristics of having held conventional laser welding；Caused plumage brightness form when Fig. 4 (a) show single injector protection optical-fiber laser welding；
It is obviously reduced using present invention welding plumage brightness volume, the volume of plumage brightness particularly in light path, as shown in Fig. 4 (b).It can be seen that using this
Invention nozzle inner tube has siphoned away plumage brightness, reduces negative effect of the plumage brightness to incident laser, so as to improve the capacity usage ratio of laser
And welding efficiency, stabilized welding process, improve appearance of weld；Meanwhile the protecting effect of weld seam significantly improves.
The fusion penetration of the present invention is remarkably improved up to more than 30%.Gas is protected to use the indifferent gas such as helium, argon gas and nitrogen
Body.
It is described above, it is only a kind of embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and is appointed
How those familiar with the art is in the technical scope that the present invention discloses, the change or replacement that can be readily occurred in, all
It should be included within the scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with the protection domain of claims
It is defined.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of laser welding plumage brightness control and molten bath protection device, it is characterised in that：Double-deck nozzle inner and outer pipes are coaxial；Bilayer spray
Mouth is axially 5 °~90 ° with the angle of laser beam axis；The angle of projection and welding direction of the double-deck nozzle in plate face is 0 °~
180°；The internal diameter of double-deck nozzle inner tube is 0.5mm~3mm, and the internal diameter of outer tube is 4mm~20mm；Nozzle exit, along axis
Inner spout is longer 0.5mm~15mm than outer spout.Inside/outside surface of tube end plane is axial parallel to weld pool surface, or perpendicular to nozzle, or
Person is therebetween.
2. application device as claimed in claim 1 carries out a kind of laser welding plumage brightness control and molten bath guard method, its feature exist
In：Welded applied to Solid State Laser or semiconductor laser；During welding, the inner spout of paraxonic bilayer nozzle is placed in Laser Deep Penetration Welding
The oblique upper of microstome, the inner tube of paraxonic bilayer nozzle provide local decompression's ring by air extractor to microstome region
Border, and siphon away the plumage brightness erupted in hole；The outer tube of double-deck nozzle passes to protective gas simultaneously, protects welding pool.
3. according to the method for claim 2, it is characterised in that：Air extractor is in air pressure caused by microstome near zone
1×10-2Pa~1.01 × 105Pa, the flow of the logical protection gas of double-deck nozzle outer tube is 1L/min~50L/min.
4. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Applied to positive out of focus, negative defocus or the welding of zero defocus；Or
Applied to laser filling wire welding and pulsed laser welding.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710770898.4A CN107350653A (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2017-08-31 | Laser welding plumage brightness controls and molten bath guard method and device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710770898.4A CN107350653A (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2017-08-31 | Laser welding plumage brightness controls and molten bath guard method and device |
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| CN107350653A true CN107350653A (en) | 2017-11-17 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201710770898.4A Pending CN107350653A (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2017-08-31 | Laser welding plumage brightness controls and molten bath guard method and device |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108406111A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2018-08-17 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of optical-fiber laser double-layer coaxial protection welding tip |
| CN110434459A (en) * | 2019-07-20 | 2019-11-12 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of double-layer coaxial laser welding head for controlling plumage brightness and protecting molten bath |
| CN111001934A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-14 | 长沙理工大学 | Welding method and system for inhibiting laser welding air holes |
| CN112719597A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-30 | 浙江启尔机电技术有限公司 | Laser welding tool and welding protection method thereof |
| US20210146478A1 (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2021-05-20 | Rofin-Sinar Laser Gmbh | Laser welding method and device |
| CN113305438A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-08-27 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Protection device for thick plate titanium alloy high-power laser welding |
| CN114083118A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2022-02-25 | 北京工业大学 | Protection device for actively regulating and controlling laser welding small hole and molten pool |
| CN114406456A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2022-04-29 | 北京工业大学 | Protection method for actively regulating and controlling laser welding small hole and molten pool based on blade-shaped airflow |
| CN114453731A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-10 | 北京工业大学 | Method for directly observing dynamic behavior of light spot action area in laser welding |
| US20220176491A1 (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2022-06-09 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Manufacturing Method of Welded Pipe and Manufacturing Device of Welded Pipe |
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| JPS5861991A (en) * | 1981-10-09 | 1983-04-13 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | Method and device for laser welding |
| FR2688726A1 (en) * | 1992-03-20 | 1993-09-24 | Ardt | Device for shaping a laser beam output from an optical fibre, with influx of assistance gas and suction of the smoke (fumes) and the slag |
| CN103170744A (en) * | 2013-04-11 | 2013-06-26 | 深圳市大族激光科技股份有限公司 | Laser welding device and welding method |
| CN104475987A (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2015-04-01 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空制造工程研究所 | Narrow gap laser welding protective method and narrow gap laser welding protective device |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPS5861991A (en) * | 1981-10-09 | 1983-04-13 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | Method and device for laser welding |
| FR2688726A1 (en) * | 1992-03-20 | 1993-09-24 | Ardt | Device for shaping a laser beam output from an optical fibre, with influx of assistance gas and suction of the smoke (fumes) and the slag |
| CN103170744A (en) * | 2013-04-11 | 2013-06-26 | 深圳市大族激光科技股份有限公司 | Laser welding device and welding method |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108406111A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2018-08-17 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of optical-fiber laser double-layer coaxial protection welding tip |
| CN108406111B (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2020-05-08 | 北京工业大学 | Optical fiber laser double-layer coaxial protection welding nozzle |
| US20210146478A1 (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2021-05-20 | Rofin-Sinar Laser Gmbh | Laser welding method and device |
| TWI820110B (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2023-11-01 | 德商羅芬辛拿雷射有限公司 | Methods and equipment for laser welding |
| US20220176491A1 (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2022-06-09 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Manufacturing Method of Welded Pipe and Manufacturing Device of Welded Pipe |
| CN110434459A (en) * | 2019-07-20 | 2019-11-12 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of double-layer coaxial laser welding head for controlling plumage brightness and protecting molten bath |
| CN111001934A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-14 | 长沙理工大学 | Welding method and system for inhibiting laser welding air holes |
| CN112719597A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-30 | 浙江启尔机电技术有限公司 | Laser welding tool and welding protection method thereof |
| CN113305438A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-08-27 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Protection device for thick plate titanium alloy high-power laser welding |
| CN114083118A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2022-02-25 | 北京工业大学 | Protection device for actively regulating and controlling laser welding small hole and molten pool |
| CN114406456A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2022-04-29 | 北京工业大学 | Protection method for actively regulating and controlling laser welding small hole and molten pool based on blade-shaped airflow |
| CN114453731A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-10 | 北京工业大学 | Method for directly observing dynamic behavior of light spot action area in laser welding |
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