CN107349287A - 一种水产养殖动物用复方杀虫剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一种水产养殖动物用复方杀虫剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种水产养殖动物用复方杀虫剂及其应用,所述复方杀虫剂为微乳剂,其由以下重量百分比的原料制成:药效成分2‑5%、乳化剂12‑20%、助溶剂8‑16%,水余量;所述药效成分由以下重量份的药效原料制成:柚皮甙1‑3份、大蒜素0.5‑1.2份、蛇床子素0.8‑2份、鱼腥草15‑35份、干辣椒6‑15份;本发明水产养殖动物用复方杀虫剂杀虫谱广,起效快,杀虫彻底,持效期长,特别是对水产养殖动物的指环虫病、孢子虫病、棘头虫病、三代虫病具有显著疗效,同时本发明对水产养殖动物十分安全,并且对养殖水环境无明显的影响,在水环境中不产生残留,在水产养殖动物体内代谢快,无残留、无毒副作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及杀虫剂技术领域,具体涉及一种水产养殖动物用复方杀虫剂及其应用。
背景技术
水产养殖是世界重要经济活动之一。近年来,伴随着高密度养殖方式的快速发展,由寄生虫或致病菌等引起的水产病害频繁爆发,每年给水产行业造成严重的经济损失。目前,水产养殖行业中主要依靠农药、兽药等来防治病害的发生。高频率、超剂量使用有限的几种药物,导致药物防治效果下降、寄生虫或致病菌的耐药性逐年增强;同时,长期高剂量的使用也造成了药物残留、环境安全和食品安全等问题的产生。植物源药物具有安全、低毒、易降解等优点,是创制安全无公害水产专用原料药的理想选择。
我过植物资源极其丰富,现已查请3万余种高等植物,我国已报道的有近有200中杀虫活性,它们主要集中在菊科、楝科、豆科、卫矛科、杜鹃花科和大戟科30多种。其中利用天然植物防治鱼类寄生虫疾病的应用历史基本与我国池塘养鱼的发展历史同步,我国早在19世纪中期就开始运用鱼藤酮根浸液来杀灭害虫,但是由于鱼藤酮根的资源以及对鱼类等水生生物毒性极高和残效期极短等问题而限制了它的使用。因此利用现代化学和物理方法,对杀虫植物所含的酮类、生物碱、有机酸等活性组分或单一成分的研究和应用;以杀虫植物的药性、药味和药间关系的传统理论为依据,采用先进的生产工艺生产的纯天然水产动物用杀虫剂,在水产养殖上具有广阔的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种水产养殖动物用复方杀虫剂及其应用,所述复方杀虫剂杀虫谱广,起效快,杀虫彻底,持效期长,且安全环保。
为实现以上目的,本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现:
一种水产养殖动物用复方杀虫剂,所述复方杀虫剂为微乳剂,其由以下重量百分比的原料制成:药效成分2-5%、乳化剂12-20%、助溶剂8-16%,水余量;
所述药效成分由以下重量份的药效原料制成:柚皮甙1-3份、大蒜素0.5-1.2份、蛇床子素0.8-2份、鱼腥草15-35份、干辣椒6-15份;
该药效成分的制备方法为:
(1)按配方比称取鱼腥草、干辣椒,粉碎后混合均匀(一般的粗粉碎),得混合料;
(2)向混合料中加10-12倍量的水提取1h,收集滤液,如此反复2-3次,合并滤液,过滤,得提取液;将所述提取液于70℃下浓缩成相对密度为1.12-1.16的稠膏,再经喷雾干燥得活性提取物;
(3)向活性提取物中加入配方量的柚皮甙、大蒜素、蛇床子素,搅拌均匀,即得药效成分。
优选地,所述乳化剂为聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油、吐温-80中的至少一种。
优选地,所述助溶剂为乙醇、乙酸乙酯、异丙醇、丙二醇中的至少一种。
优选地,所述复方杀虫剂由以下重量百分比的原料制成:药效成分3.5%、乳化剂16%、助溶剂12%,水余量。
优选地,所述药效成分由以下重量份的药效原料制成:柚皮甙2份、大蒜素0.8份、蛇床子素1.6份、鱼腥草25份、干辣椒10份。
本发明水产养殖动物用复方杀虫剂的制备方法为:先将药效成分与助溶剂混合均匀,然后再依次加入乳化剂和水,混匀即得。
本发明水产养殖动物用复方杀虫剂可用于制备防治水产养殖动物指环虫病、孢子虫病、棘头虫病、吸虫病、三代虫病药物中。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明复方杀虫剂中使用的各原料药以及每种原料药的用量均是在中兽医方剂辩证论治原理指导下,通过大量实践,并结合现代化学和物理方法,所得到的优选配方。本发明杀虫剂杀虫谱广,起效快,且杀虫彻底,持效期长,特别是对水产养殖动物的指环虫病、孢子虫病、棘头虫病、三代虫病具有显著疗效。同时本发明对水产养殖动物十分安全,并且对养殖水环境无明显的影响,在水环境中不产生残留,在水产养殖动物体内代谢快,无残留、无毒副作用,符合我国无公害水厂养殖动物药物的要求。
本发明复方杀虫剂采用微乳剂形式,制备方法简单,具有环境兼容性好、稳定性强、药效好、使用方便等特点,适用于推广应用。
本发明在保持高药效的基础上,以水为基质,尽量采用环保型有机溶剂,可减少对水产养殖动物的毒性和刺激,降低对环境的污染。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1:
一种水产养殖动物用复方杀虫剂,该复方杀虫剂为微乳剂,其由以下重量百分比的原料制成:药效成分3.5%、聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油16%、乙醇12%,水余量。
上述药效成分由以下重量份的药效原料制成柚皮甙2份、大蒜素0.8份、蛇床子素1.6份、鱼腥草25份、干辣椒10份;
药效成分的制备方法为:(1)按配方比称取鱼腥草、干辣椒,粉碎后混合均匀,得混合料;(2)向混合料中加11倍量的水提取1h,收集滤液,如此反复2次,合并滤液,过滤,得提取液;将所述提取液于70℃下浓缩成相对密度为1.15的稠膏,再经喷雾干燥得活性提取物;(3)向活性提取物中加入配方量的柚皮甙、大蒜素、蛇床子素,搅拌均匀,即得药效成分。
实施例2:
一种水产养殖动物用复方杀虫剂,该复方杀虫剂为微乳剂,其由以下重量百分比的原料制成:药效成分5%、聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油15%、乙酸乙酯12%,水余量;
上述药效成分由以下重量份的药效原料制成:柚皮甙3份、大蒜素1份、蛇床子素1.5份、鱼腥草35份、干辣椒6份;
药效成分的制备方法为:(1)按配方比称取鱼腥草、干辣椒,粉碎后混合均匀,得混合料;(2)向混合料中加12倍量的水提取1h,收集滤液,如此反复3次,合并滤液,过滤,得提取液;将所述提取液于70℃下浓缩成相对密度为1.16的稠膏,再经喷雾干燥得活性提取物;(3)向活性提取物中加入配方量的柚皮甙、大蒜素、蛇床子素,搅拌均匀,即得药效成分。
实施例3:
一种水产养殖动物用复方杀虫剂,该复方杀虫剂为微乳剂,其由以下重量百分比的原料制成:药效成分3%、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油20%、异丙醇14%,水余量;
上述药效成分由以下重量份的药效原料制成:柚皮甙1份、大蒜素0.8份、蛇床子素0.8份、鱼腥草20份、干辣椒10份;
药效成分的制备方法为:(1)按配方比称取鱼腥草、干辣椒,粉碎后混合均匀,得混合料;(2)向混合料中加10倍量的水提取1h,收集滤液,如此反复2次,合并滤液,过滤,得提取液;将所述提取液于70℃下浓缩成相对密度为1.12的稠膏,再经喷雾干燥得活性提取物;(3)向活性提取物中加入配方量的柚皮甙、大蒜素、蛇床子素,搅拌均匀,即得药效成分。
实施例4:
一种水产养殖动物用复方杀虫剂,该复方杀虫剂为微乳剂,其由以下重量百分比的原料制成:药效成分2%、吐温-80 18%、乙醇8%,水余量;
上述药效成分由以下重量份的药效原料制成:柚皮甙2份、大蒜素0.5份、蛇床子素2份、鱼腥草15份、干辣椒12份;药效成分的制备方法为同实施例1。
实施例5:
一种水产养殖动物用复方杀虫剂,该复方杀虫剂为微乳剂,其由以下重量百分比的原料制成:药效成分4%、聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油12%、丙二醇16%,水余量;
上述药效成分由以下重量份的药效原料制成:柚皮甙2.5份、大蒜素1.2份、蛇床子素1.2份、鱼腥草30份、干辣椒15份;药效成分的制备方法同实施例2。
本发明实施例1-5中水产养殖动物用复方杀虫剂的制备方法为:先将药效成分与助溶剂混合均匀,然后再依次加入乳化剂和水,混匀即得。
观察例:
(1)安徽省萧县某张姓养殖户,2016年5月中旬上午发现鱼塘中鱼苗吃食时摄食量明显下降且游动极不正常,将鱼苗打捞上来经仔细观察后发现病鱼的皮肤上有一层灰白色的黏液,鱼体失去光泽,虫体寄生在鳃和皮肤,并引起损伤,同时鱼体消瘦,判断为三代虫病。然后于当天下午往池塘泼洒实施例1中的复方杀虫剂,使鱼塘水体药物浓度达到0.015ppm,隔天下午再泼洒一次,鱼塘水体药物浓度为0.015ppm。第一次泼洒药物后隔天早上即发现病鱼的摄食量有较大的好转,第二次泼洒药物后隔天早上鱼苗游动变正常,2天后基本恢复正常。
(2)安徽省萧县某王姓养殖户,在水泥池内养殖黄鳝。2016年5月底发现黄鳝一段时间内生长十分缓慢,且呈消瘦状,摄食量较少。6月初发现有小批黄鳝陆续死亡,将病黄鳝和死黄鳝打捞上来,剖解见体内有大量虫体,并表现出明显的肠炎,判断为隐棘衣棘头虫病。当天下午往水泥池泼洒实施例2中的复方杀虫剂,使水泥池内水体药物浓度达到0.018ppm,隔天下午再泼洒一次,水泥池内水体药物浓度为0.018ppm。第一次泼洒药物后隔天下午观察发现黄鳝的摄食量增多,3天后基本恢复正常。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种水产养殖动物用复方杀虫剂,其特征在于:所述复方杀虫剂为微乳剂,其由以下重量百分比的原料制成:药效成分2-5%、乳化剂12-20%、助溶剂8-16%,水余量;所述药效成分由以下重量份的药效原料制成:柚皮甙1-3份、大蒜素0.5-1.2份、蛇床子素0.8-2份、鱼腥草15-35份、干辣椒6-15份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水产养殖动物用复方杀虫剂,其特征在于:所述药效成分的制备方法为:
(1)按配方比称取鱼腥草、干辣椒,粉碎后混合均匀,得混合料;
(2)向混合料中加10-12倍量的水提取1h,收集滤液,如此反复2-3次,合并滤液,过滤,得提取液;将所述提取液于70℃下浓缩成相对密度为1.12-1.16的稠膏,再经喷雾干燥得活性提取物;
(3)向活性提取物中加入配方量的柚皮甙、大蒜素、蛇床子素,搅拌均匀,即得药效成分。
3.根据权利要求1所述的水产养殖动物用复方杀虫剂,其特征在于:所述乳化剂为聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油、吐温-80中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的水产养殖动物用复方杀虫剂,其特征在于:所述助溶剂为乙醇、乙酸乙酯、异丙醇、丙二醇中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的水产养殖动物用复方杀虫剂,其特征在于:所述复方杀虫剂由以下重量百分比的原料制成:药效成分3.5%、乳化剂16%、助溶剂12%,水余量。
6.根据权利要求1所述的水产养殖动物用复方杀虫剂,其特征在于:所述药效成分由以下重量份的药效原料制成:柚皮甙2份、大蒜素0.8份、蛇床子素1.6份、鱼腥草25份、干辣椒10份。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的水产养殖动物用复方杀虫剂,其特征在于,其制备方法为:先将药效成分与助溶剂混合均匀,然后再依次加入乳化剂和水,混匀即得。
8.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的水产养殖动物用复方杀虫剂在制备防治水产养殖动物指环虫病、孢子虫病、棘头虫病、三代虫病药物中的应用。
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