CN107340541A - A kind of pre-stack depth migration velocity modeling method and its pip method for optimizing - Google Patents
A kind of pre-stack depth migration velocity modeling method and its pip method for optimizing Download PDFInfo
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- CN107340541A CN107340541A CN201710557094.6A CN201710557094A CN107340541A CN 107340541 A CN107340541 A CN 107340541A CN 201710557094 A CN201710557094 A CN 201710557094A CN 107340541 A CN107340541 A CN 107340541A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/306—Analysis for determining physical properties of the subsurface, e.g. impedance, porosity or attenuation profiles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/62—Physical property of subsurface
- G01V2210/624—Reservoir parameters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/66—Subsurface modeling
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- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of pre-stack depth migration velocity modeling method and pip method for optimizing.The pip method for optimizing includes：The structure dip of subsurface reflection point is obtained, forms dip section；Point of the pickup with residual move out time on offset gather；It on the spot projection with residual move out time picked up to the dip section, will obtain chromatographing pip；Along dip section direction, the chromatography pip for the inclination direction minimum for deviateing upper chromatography pip is chosen successively as preferable chromatography pip.The pre-stack depth migration velocity modeling method is included in during pre-stack depth migration velocity modeling, and suitable pip is determined using pip method for optimizing in seismic reflection tomography as described above.The present invention accurately efficiently preferably can go out to chromatograph pip, the distribution of control pip on the whole, enhance the distribution rationality of chromatography pip.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil seismic exploration field, particularly in a kind of seismic reflection tomography preferred pip side
Method and pre-stack depth migration velocity modeling method.
Background technology
Complicated structure region, pre-stack depth migration are favorably improved the imaging effect of subsurface structure.But prestack depth is inclined
Moving needs more accurate velocity field, and in most cases, the velocity field required for offseting needs to estimate using reflection tomography.Instead
It is to estimate that the physical parameter of underground medium is distributed using the reflective information in geological data to penetrate chromatography, commonly used to estimating speed
Information；Reflection tomography has layer control chromatography and grid to chromatograph two kinds of different implementations.
Wherein, the residual move out time in trace gather is offset, can reduce and artificially pick up using grid chromatographic technique, computer automatic analysis
Exit point work is negated, lifts the efficiency of Depth Domain velocity modeling.During computer automatic analysis residual move out time, simply by the presence of
The point of residual move out time, a pip can all be had by projecting to the velocity space from skew trace gather, so as to cause excessive pip,
Chromatography equation can be caused excessively huge, bring the difficulty of solution；Simultaneously also vicious pip can introduce mistake information arrive
Chromatograph matrix.
In order to preferably chromatograph pip, the reliability for necessarily introducing chromatography pip judges.Conventional reliability judges base
In offseting energy value in trace gather, i.e., trace gather stack power value is as the foundation for reflecting point reliability at pickup residual move out time.The party
Method can screen out a part of weaker pip of axle energy in the same direction to a certain extent, but not have for the overall distribution of pip
Make constraint.
The content of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, an object of the present invention is solve present in above-mentioned prior art
One or more problems.For example, an object of the present invention is in the preferable side of pip in a kind of seismic reflection tomography is provided
Method, by the guidance at subsurface structure inclination angle, preferably go out and meet architectonic continuity pip.
To achieve these goals, it is of the invention to provide pip method for optimizing in a kind of seismic reflection tomography.It is described
Pip method for optimizing comprises the following steps：Form dip section；Point of the pickup with residual move out time on offset gather；Will
The spot projection with residual move out time picked up is on the dip section, obtaining chromatographing pip；Along dip section direction,
Choose successively and deviate the minimum chromatography pip of upper chromatography pip inclination direction as preferable chromatography pip.
Pip method for optimizing in seismic reflection tomography according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, it is described to choose preferable layer
Analysis pip step can include：Along dip section direction, determine a chromatography pip and adjacent thereto treat preferably
Chromatography pip line and horizontal line between angle, with it is described on the adjacent multiple chromatography pips of a pip
In, the minimum chromatography pip of the angle is selected as preferable chromatography pip.
Pip method for optimizing in seismic reflection tomography according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a upper pip
The distance between multiple chromatography pips adjacent with a upper pip can be no more than 100~200 meters.
Pip method for optimizing in seismic reflection tomography according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, by obtaining subsurface reflective
The structure dip of point, forms the dip section.
Pip method for optimizing in seismic reflection tomography according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, it can use based on relevant
Property scan method, that the scan method based on complex seismic trace or the method based on gradient-structure tensor obtain the underground is anti-
The structure dip of exit point.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of method of pre-stack depth migration velocity modeling.The pre-stack depth migration speed
The method of degree modeling includes：During pre-stack depth migration velocity modeling, using anti-in seismic reflection tomography as described above
The preferred pip of exit point method for optimizing.
The method of pre-stack depth migration velocity modeling according to an exemplary embodiment of the present, may comprise steps of：
(A1) pre-stack depth migration, is carried out to pre-stack depth migration rate pattern, output offset is away from trace gather；(A2) offset distance road, is judged
Whether collection, which reaches default, is evened up degree；(A3) if, offset gather be not reaching to it is default even up degree, carry out it is described preferably
The step of chromatographing pip；(A4) indirect ray tracking, is carried out on preferable pip；(A5) reflection tomography equation, is established
And solve；(A6), according to chromatography non trivial solution renewal pre-stack depth migration rate pattern；(A7), repeating said steps (A1) are extremely
(A6), until offset gather, which reaches default, evens up degree.Wherein it is possible to according to pre-stack time migration velocity model building prestack
Depth migration initial velocity model.
Compared with prior art, the present invention accurately efficiently preferably can go out to chromatograph pip, and control is anti-on the whole
The distribution of exit point, enhance the distribution rationality of chromatography pip.
Brief description of the drawings
By the description carried out below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, above and other purpose of the invention and feature will become more clear
Chu, wherein：
Fig. 1 shows the signal of pip method for optimizing in seismic reflection tomography according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
Figure.
Embodiment
Hereinafter, reflected in the seismic reflection tomography that the present invention will be described in detail with reference to accompanying drawing and exemplary embodiment
Point method for optimizing.
One aspect of the present invention provides a kind of method for optimizing of pip in seismic reflection tomography, and the method for optimizing passes through
Subsurface structure inclination angle, which preferably goes out, meets architectonic continuity pip.
Pip method for optimizing may include following steps in seismic reflection tomography according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention：
A, the structure dip of subsurface reflection point is obtained by related algorithm (such as dip scanning method), inclination angle is formed and cuts open
Face.
Wherein, related algorithm may include dip scanning method, and conventional dip scanning method may include：Based on coherence's
Scan method, the scan method based on complex seismic trace or the method based on gradient-structure tensor, it is preferred that be based on relevant
The scan method of property.Scan method based on complex seismic trace and the method based on gradient-structure tensor are due to its scanning accuracy
Limitation is not widely used.Used simultaneously by majority with its higher computational accuracy based on the scan method of similitude
Development.Wherein, earliest is to propose the non-normalized cross-correlation of two dimension by Picou and Utzmann (1962) to scan, the calculating
Method is to carry out dip scanning along two-dimension earthquake survey line, and three-dimension curved surface is abstracted into two dimension carries out inclination angle estimation, resulting
Inclination data is in ribbon, and not accurate enough；Finn (1986) proposes three-dimensional dip and azimuthal definition, and right in two dimension
It is put into practice；Marfurt (1998,2000) proposes the three-dimensional dip scanning method based on similitude, with coherence properties
In C2 algorithms it is consistent, Finn and Backus (1986) algorithm refer on a real three dimensions；Due to the calculation
Method is to use centre scan window, a smoothing effect be present to the construction of analysis site both sides when causing to calculate, in order to improve this
Point, Marfurt (2006) proposes the mode of more window scannings, as a kind of sane inclination angle and azimuth method of estimation, the party
Method can be to the angle of heel of tomography two change scanning it is relatively accurate.
B, point of the pickup with residual move out time (RMO) on offset gather.Wherein, that picks up has residual move out time
The positional information of point has application follow-up.
C, the point (also known as pickup point) with residual move out time picked up is projected on dip section.
In this step, the pickup point with residual move out time on offset gather is projected on dip section, obtained
Chromatograph pip.
D, along dip section direction, choose deviate the minimum chromatography reflection of upper chromatography pip inclination direction successively
Point is as preferable chromatography pip.
Along dip section direction screening pickup point (chromatography pip).Point of proximity (i.e. layer can be judged according to inclination direction
Analyse pip) choice, specifically, the principle for screening cut-off be deviates a upper pip inclination direction minimum, that is, exist
Adjacent with last layer analysis pip treats preferably to chromatograph in pip, chooses the inclination direction for deviateing upper chromatography pip
Minimum chromatography pip is as preferable chromatography pip.Here, the selection of neighboring reflection point can determine according to distance,
For example, it is not more than 100~200 meters of point with last layer analysis pip distance, but the invention is not restricted to this, can also be as needed
Adjacent layer position pip is determined using other manner.
Wherein, dip section is that have value on each position, i.e., each chromatography pip on dip section
There is structure dip value.Inclination direction refers to the direction of the inclination value along the position with residual move out time point, as along the inclination angle
Direction, for example certain point inclination angle is 20 °, then inclination direction is to initially form 20 ° of direction with horizontal plane from certain described point.
In the present embodiment, choosing preferable chromatography pip step includes：Along dip section direction, one is determined
Angle between chromatography pip and the adjacent thereto line and horizontal line for treating preferable chromatography pip, with it is described on one
In the adjacent multiple chromatography pips of individual pip, the minimum chromatography pip of the angle is selected to be reflected as preferable chromatography
Point.
As shown in figure 1, point p is selected chromatography pip, carried out in point a, b, c, d, e adjacent with point p preferably,
Wherein, point p structure dip θ is 30 °, point a and point p angle δap(i.e. angle between point p and point a line and horizontal line)
For 51 °, point b and point p angle δbpFor 38 °, point c and point p angle δcpFor 32 °, point d and point p angle δdpFor 18 °, point e
With point p angle δepFor -23 °.Wherein, δcpDifference between θ is minimum, thus, point c is to be selected along structure dip direction
The point gone out, remaining point a, b, d and e point are the point given up.
It should be noted that the present invention preferably pip is by choosing angle closest to the angle of structure dip, if such as
The angle of two and above angle is identical, and is all then chosen and the closest layer of pip closest to the angle of structure dip
Analyse pip.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of pre-stack depth migration velocity modeling method, and this method is in pre-stack depth migration
During velocity modeling, suitable pip is determined using the method for preferred pip in seismic reflection tomography as described above.
In one exemplary embodiment, can be included according to the prestack depth velocity shifts modeling method of the present invention following
Step：
(A1) pre-stack depth migration, is carried out to pre-stack depth migration rate pattern, output offset is away from trace gather.
(A2), judge whether offset gather reaches default and even up degree.
(A3) if, offset gather be not reaching to it is default even up degree, using in seismic reflection tomography as described above
It is preferred that the preferred pip of the method for pip, it is determined that rational pip.
(A4) indirect ray tracking, is carried out on preferable pip.Specifically, chased after using preferable pip as ray
Track point, using last round of pre-stack time migration rate pattern as ray tracing model, carry out indirect ray tracking；Wherein, the first round
Pre-stack time migration rate pattern is pre-stack depth migration initial velocity model according to pre-stack time migration velocity model building.
(A5), establish reflection tomography equation and solve.
(A6), according to chromatography non trivial solution renewal pre-stack depth migration rate pattern.
(A7), repeating said steps (A1) to (A6), until offset gather, which reaches default, evens up degree.It is default to even up journey
Degree can be actually needed the reasonable of determination according to and even up degree value, for example, offset gather is all evened up.
In summary, pip method for optimizing in seismic reflection tomography of the invention, preferably chromatographed by structure dip anti-
The distribution of exit point, on the whole control pip, the distribution rationality of chromatography pip is enhanced, and in pre-stack depth migration
Preferable application effect is obtained in modeling.
Although above by describing the present invention with reference to exemplary embodiment, those skilled in the art should be clear
Chu, in the case where not departing from the spirit and scope that claim is limited, the exemplary embodiment of the present invention can be carried out each
Kind modifications and changes.
Claims (8)
1. pip method for optimizing in a kind of seismic reflection tomography, it is characterised in that the pip method for optimizing includes following
Step：
Form dip section；
Point of the pickup with residual move out time on offset gather；
It on the spot projection with residual move out time picked up to the dip section, will obtain chromatographing pip；
Along dip section direction, choose deviate the minimum chromatography pip conduct of upper chromatography pip inclination direction successively
Preferable chromatography pip.
2. pip method for optimizing in seismic reflection tomography according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described to choose preferably
Chromatography pip step include：
Along dip section direction, a chromatography pip and the line for treating preferable chromatography pip adjacent thereto are determined
Angle between horizontal line, with it is described in the adjacent multiple chromatography pips of a pip, select the angle most
Small chromatography pip is as preferable chromatography pip.
3. pip method for optimizing in seismic reflection tomography according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described upper one anti-
The distance between exit point and multiple chromatography pips adjacent with a upper pip are not more than 100~200 meters.
4. pip method for optimizing in seismic reflection tomography according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by obtaining underground
The structure dip of pip, form the dip section.
5. pip method for optimizing in seismic reflection tomography according to claim 4, it is characterised in that based on coherence's
Scan method, the scan method based on complex seismic trace or the method based on gradient-structure tensor obtain the subsurface reflection point
Structure dip.
A kind of 6. pre-stack depth migration velocity modeling method, it is characterised in that during pre-stack depth migration velocity modeling, adopt
Pip is preferably chromatographed with pip method for optimizing in the seismic reflection tomography described in any one in claim 1 to 5.
7. pre-stack depth migration velocity modeling method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the pre-stack depth migration
Velocity modeling method comprises the following steps：
(A1) pre-stack depth migration, is carried out to pre-stack depth migration rate pattern, output offset is away from trace gather；
(A2), judge whether offset gather reaches default and even up degree；
(A3) if, offset gather be not reaching to it is default even up degree, the step of carrying out the preferred chromatography pip；
(A4) indirect ray tracking, is carried out on preferable pip；
(A5), establish reflection tomography equation and solve；
(A6), according to chromatography non trivial solution renewal pre-stack depth migration rate pattern；
(A7), repeating said steps (A1) to (A6), until offset gather, which reaches default, evens up degree.
8. pre-stack depth migration velocity modeling method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that according to pre-stack time migration
Velocity model building pre-stack depth migration initial velocity model.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113219534A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-08-06 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司深圳分公司 | Pre-stack depth migration speed quality control method, device, medium and electronic equipment |
| RU2794968C1 (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2023-04-26 | Сауди Арабиан Ойл Компани | Simulation of seismic velocities |
| US11994639B2 (en) | 2019-05-15 | 2024-05-28 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Seismic velocity modeling |
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| CN101630016A (en) * | 2008-07-16 | 2010-01-20 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method for improving imaging quality of vertical seismic profile |
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| RU2794968C1 (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2023-04-26 | Сауди Арабиан Ойл Компани | Simulation of seismic velocities |
| US11994639B2 (en) | 2019-05-15 | 2024-05-28 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Seismic velocity modeling |
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Address after: No. 216, No. 216, Huayang Avenue, Tianfu New District, Sichuan, Sichuan Applicant after: China National Petroleum Corporation Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Geophysical Exploration Company Ltd. Address before: 610213 No. 1, No. 1, No. 1, Huayang Avenue, Huayang Town, Shuangliu County, Chengdu, Sichuan Applicant before: China National Petroleum Corporation Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Geophysical Exploration Company Ltd. |
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Application publication date: 20171110 |