CN107340242B - Optical fiber type tunnel space environment oil fume gas monitor optical system - Google Patents
Optical fiber type tunnel space environment oil fume gas monitor optical system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical system of an optical fiber type tunnel space environment oil smoke gas monitor, which comprises an optical fiber light source, a photoelectric sensor, a signal data processing system, a multi-core transmission optical fiber cable, an optical fiber light source beam splitter, a calibration reference light source channel and a plurality of environment monitoring light source channels, wherein the optical fiber light source is arranged in the optical fiber type tunnel space environment oil smoke gas monitor; the calibration reference light source channel and the environment monitoring light source channel comprise optical fiber light source emitting heads, light beam converging lenses, optical fiber receiving heads and corner reflectors; transmitting the emission light of the optical fiber light source to the optical fiber light source beam splitter through the multi-core transmission optical fiber cable, and respectively guiding the emission light into the calibration reference light source channel and the plurality of environment monitoring light source channels after beam splitting; the calibration reference light source and the environment monitoring light source are output through the optical fiber light source emitting head, reflected by the corner reflector, reflected along an incident light path, returned to the light beam converging lens, converged and coupled to the optical fiber receiving head, and output to the photoelectric sensor and a signal data processing system connected with the photoelectric sensor through the multi-core transmission optical fiber cable, so that real-time monitoring and early warning on tunnel smoke and air quality are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil smoke gas monitoring optical instrument equipment, in particular to an optical path system design of an oil smoke gas optical monitor suitable for tunnel space environments such as railways, highways, rivers, undersea and the like.
Background
Along with the development of transportation industry towards convenience and rapidness, the construction and use scale of long and ultra-long tunnels such as highways, river and seabed tunnels is larger and larger, particularly, the construction and use of highways, railways, river and seabed tunnels and offshore tunnels are realized, great convenience is brought to material circulation and people's traveling, the safety precaution consciousness is greatly improved while people enjoy safe, comfortable and rapid transportation traveling, particularly, after the major and minor accidents occur for one time in all countries in the world, the tunnel safety early warning and monitoring problems are mentioned to have new heights before, the tunnel safety precaution is more important for monitoring and early warning in real time on natural disasters such as earthquake cracks, landslides, debris flows and the like, and particularly, the tunnel safety precaution is more important for monitoring and early warning in real time on some common major and serious accidents such as fire disasters, smog, toxic gas leakage and the like.
A conventional indoor fire smoke detection alarm technology system is characterized in that a plurality of smoke detection sensors are distributed on the top of a tunnel, a sensor detection signal is connected to a tunnel monitoring center monitoring room through an electric wire cable for monitoring, and once a tunnel generates smoke and generates a fire, the smoke diffused to the sensors reaches a certain concentration value, the smoke signals of the sensors push a fire alarm system to alarm. Because the detectors are low in sensitivity, slow in reaction time and limited in the number of tunnel space arrangements, except for the fact that the detectors can give an alarm to some major fires, the detectors cannot give an early warning before the fire occurs in the initial stage of the fire with low smoke concentration, and cannot monitor and early warn some colorless and smokeless chemical gases with high toxicity, the safety early warning effect is not ideal, and the requirements for monitoring and early warning the safety of the tunnel in real time cannot be met.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a new tunnel safety monitoring and early warning device to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an optical fiber type tunnel space environment oil smoke gas monitor optical system which can carry out real-time monitoring and early warning on the air quality such as oil smoke gas content, hydrocarbon concentration and the like in the tunnel space environment.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts a technical scheme that: the optical system comprises an optical fiber light source, a photoelectric sensor, a signal data processing system, an optical fiber light source beam splitter, a calibration reference light source channel, a plurality of environment monitoring light source channels and a multi-core transmission optical fiber cable, wherein the optical fiber light source, the photoelectric sensor, the signal data processing system, the optical fiber light source beam splitter, the calibration reference light source channel, the environment monitoring light source channels and the multi-core transmission optical fiber cable are arranged in a monitoring room outside a tunnel;
the calibration reference light source channel and the environment monitoring light source channel are both composed of an optical receiving-transmitting head and an angle reflector, and the optical receiving-transmitting head comprises an optical fiber light source transmitting head, a light beam converging lens and an optical fiber receiving head;
transmitting emitted light of the optical fiber light source to the optical fiber light source beam splitter through the multi-core transmission optical fiber cable, and respectively introducing the light into the calibration reference light source channel and the plurality of environment monitoring light source channels after being split by the optical fiber light source beam splitter; the calibration reference light source and the environment monitoring light source are respectively output through the optical fiber light source emitting head, are reflected by the corner reflector and then return to the light beam converging lens along the incident light path, are converged and coupled to the optical fiber receiving head through the light beam converging lens, are output to the photoelectric sensor through the multi-core transmission optical fiber cable and are converted into photoelectric signals, and the photoelectric signals are transmitted to the signal data processing system.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the calibration reference light source channel further comprises a calibration closed space pipe network, which comprises a plurality of hollow pipes connected in series, and the calibration reference light emitting head and the corner reflector are respectively disposed at two ends of the hollow pipes. The calibration closed space pipe network is a closed clean space for calibrating the spectral power value of the optical fiber light source and the background reference light of the monitored environment.
Furthermore, the closed space pipe network for calibration is installed and fixed above the side wall of the straight smooth section of the tunnel and is parallel to the transmission optical fiber cable of the environment monitoring light source channel.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fiber optic source beam splitter and the fiber optic source emitters of the calibration reference light source channel and the environmental monitoring light source channels are respectively connected through transmission fibers.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fiber optic source head is a fiber optic source head with a pigtail and an optical collimator, and the pigtail is connected to the transmission fiber through a connector.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, one end of each transmission optical fiber cable of the multi-core transmission optical fiber cable is respectively connected with the fiber receiving heads of the calibration reference light source channel and the plurality of environment monitoring light source channels, and the other end of each transmission optical fiber cable is respectively connected with the photoelectric sensors corresponding to the calibration reference light source channel and the plurality of environment monitoring light source channels. The calibration reference light source channel and each environment monitoring light source channel are provided with respective transmission optical fibers.
Furthermore, according to the environmental requirements in the tunnel, the fiber light source beam splitter splits two or more paths of beams, and the splitting ratio of each path of beam is the same or different.
Further, the photoelectric sensor comprises a photoelectric detector and a spectrometer.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, for the tunnel with the length of more than 20km, the optical system of the optical fiber type tunnel space environment oil smoke gas monitor is connected in series or in parallel to monitor the tunnel in a sectional point arrangement mode.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention adopts the design of an all-fiber optical system, optical energy and signal transmission both adopt the optical fiber cable technology, a monitoring light source is transmitted and received to carry out signal link between a tunnel and an external monitoring room through an optical fiber cable, and the monitoring system can completely realize the operation without a relay station for the tunnels with the lengths of thousands of meters and tens of kilometers due to the small loss of the optical energy signal transmitted by the optical fiber cable, strong anti-interference capability and long transmission distance, and can transmit the monitoring signal to the ground of a tunnel terminal through the optical fiber cable and be uniformly and centrally monitored by a ground central monitoring room, or be dispersedly monitored by an inter-road monitoring room which is internally reserved in the tunnel, thereby realizing the omnibearing 24-hour real-time monitoring and early warning of the whole tunnel;
(2) the invention monitors that light beams pass through a tunnel space and are absorbed by oil smoke gas, hydrocarbon and the like in the tunnel space environment, and an optical light power spectrum absorption technical method is applied to detect the numerical variation of the spectral power of the light beams in real time and analyze and process the data, thereby obtaining the component content and concentration distribution information of the oil smoke gas or toxic and harmful compounds in the tunnel space environment, providing basis for tunnel safety prediction and early warning, and finishing data display, information output and early warning and prediction of the oil smoke gas component and content concentration distribution in the tunnel space environment;
(3) according to the invention, large-scale electrified equipment such as an optical fiber light source, photoelectric receiving and data processing is arranged in a ground monitoring room safety place far away from a tunnel entrance, so that valuable space of a tunnel is prevented from being occupied by monitoring instrument equipment and the like, and great convenience is brought to instrument operation monitoring, maintenance and the like;
(4) the optical fiber type optical instrument has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, long service life, safety, reliability and convenient use and maintenance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of an optical system of an optical fiber type tunnel space environment lampblack gas monitor according to the invention;
the parts in the drawings are numbered as follows: 1. the system comprises an optical fiber light source modulation driving module, 2, an optical fiber light source, 3, a multi-core transmission optical fiber cable, 4, an optical fiber light source beam splitter, 5, a transmission optical fiber, 6, a monitoring light emitting head, 7, a monitored environment space, 8, a corner reflector, 9, a light beam converging lens, 10, a monitoring light optical fiber receiving head, 11, a photoelectric sensor, 12, a calibration reference light emitting head, 13, a closed space pipe network for calibration, 14, a calibration reference light optical fiber receiving head, 15, a signal data processing system, 16, a calibration reference light source channel, 17 and an environment monitoring light source channel.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will make the advantages and features of the invention easier to understand by those skilled in the art, and thus will clearly and clearly define the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention includes:
an optical system of an optical fiber type tunnel space environment oil smoke gas monitor comprises an optical fiber light source modulation driving module 1, an optical fiber light source 2, a photoelectric sensor 11, a signal data processing system 15, an optical fiber light source beam splitter 4, a calibration reference light source channel 16, a plurality of environment monitoring light source channels 17 and a multi-core transmission optical fiber cable 3, wherein the optical fiber light source modulation driving module is installed in a central monitoring room of a tunnel outside the tunnel, the optical fiber light source beam splitter is installed in the tunnel, the multi-core transmission optical fiber cable connects the inside of the tunnel with the outside monitoring room, and the calibration reference light source channel 16 is used for calibration of the optical fiber type tunnel space environment oil smoke gas monitor and; the environment monitoring light source channel 17 is used for monitoring the concentrations of the oil fume gas and the compound in the environment of the tunnel space. The calibration reference light source channel 16 and the environment monitoring light source channel 17 are both composed of an optical receiving-transmitting head and an angle reflector 8, and the optical receiving-transmitting head comprises an optical fiber light source transmitting head, a light beam converging lens 9 and an optical fiber receiving head. The calibration reference light source channel 16 further comprises a calibration enclosed space pipe network 13, the calibration enclosed space pipe network 13 is a fiber light source 2 and a monitoring environment background calibration enclosed space pipe network which is clean by ambient air and comprises a plurality of hollow pipes which are connected in series, and the calibration reference light emitting head 12 and the corner reflector 8 are respectively arranged at two ends of each hollow pipe.
The optical fiber light source modulation driving module 1 provides electric power drive for the optical fiber light source 2, and the optical fiber light source 2 is a light source for tunnel monitoring output by an optical fiber. The photoelectric sensor 11 may employ a photoelectric detector or a spectrometer, and is configured to convert the received monitoring light and the calibration reference light into electrical signals. The functions of the signal data processing system 15 include data acquisition and storage, calculation processing, display output and the like. The multi-core transmission optical fiber cable 3 adopts an outdoor armored multi-core optical cable formed by combining a plurality of transmission optical fibers, one end of each transmission optical fiber in the multi-core transmission optical fiber cable 3 is respectively connected with the optical fiber receiving heads of the calibration reference light source channel 16 and the environment monitoring light source channels 17, and the other end of each transmission optical fiber is respectively connected with the photoelectric sensors 11 of the corresponding calibration reference light source channel 16 and the environment monitoring light source channels 17. The calibration reference light source channel 16 and each environment monitoring light source channel 17 have respective transmission optical fibers. The fiber light source beam splitter 4 is a fiber optical element, and splits a beam of light output by the fiber light source 2 into a plurality of beams of light according to a required proportion for output, and the fiber light source beam splitter 4 splits the beams in two paths or multiple paths according to the environmental requirements in the tunnel, and the splitting ratios of the beams in each path are the same or different. The optical fiber light source beam splitter 4 is respectively connected with the optical fiber light source emitting heads of the calibration reference light source channel 16 and the plurality of environment monitoring light source channels 17 through the transmission optical fiber 5, and the transmission optical fiber 5 adopts a common optical fiber with a tail fiber. The optical fiber light source emitting head is an optical fiber light source emitting head with a tail fiber and an optical collimator, and comprises a monitoring light emitting head 6 and a calibration reference light emitting head 12, wherein the tail fiber is connected with a transmission optical fiber 5 through a connector. The corner reflector 8 can reflect incident light and return the same way, the light beam converging lens 9 converges the reflected monitoring light or calibration reference light, and the optical fiber receiving head is used for receiving the converged monitoring light or calibration reference light and comprises a monitoring optical fiber receiving head 10 and a calibration reference light optical fiber receiving head 14.
Monitoring light emitted from an optical fiber light source 2 is transmitted to an optical fiber light source beam splitter 4 through one optical fiber in a multi-core transmission optical fiber cable 3, is split into environment monitoring light and calibration reference light by the optical fiber light source beam splitter 4, the environment monitoring light is output by a monitoring light emitting head 6 through a transmission optical fiber 5, passes through an environment space 7 of a monitored road section, reaches an angle reflector 8, is reflected back to a light beam converging lens 9, the monitoring light is converged and coupled to a monitoring light optical fiber receiving head 10 through the light beam converging lens 9, and is transmitted to a photoelectric sensor 11 in a monitoring room through one optical fiber in the multi-core transmission optical fiber cable 3 to generate monitoring photoelectric (spectral) signals which are output to a signal data processing system 15 for analysis and processing. The calibration reference light separated from the optical fiber light source beam splitter 4 reaches the calibration reference light emitting head 12 through the transmission optical fiber 5 for output, the reference light passes through the closed clean pipe network space 13 for calibration, reaches the corner reflector 8, then is reflected back to the light beam converging lens 9, is converged and coupled to the calibration reference light optical fiber receiving head 14, is transmitted to the photoelectric sensor 11 in the monitoring room through one optical fiber in the multi-core transmission optical fiber cable 3, generates a reference photoelectric (spectrum) signal and outputs the reference photoelectric (spectrum) signal to the same signal data processing system 15 for data analysis processing, as the monitoring light source passes through the space environment 7 of the monitored road section twice in a reciprocating way, the spectrum power is absorbed by oil smoke gas, hydrocarbon and the like in the space environment of the road section, the change value of the spectrum power before and after the absorption of the light source is detected and compared in real time, the content of the oil smoke gas in, And (3) processing the detection data of the hydrocarbon concentration, and displaying and outputting data information to finish the monitoring, early warning and forecasting of the space environment of the tunnel monitoring road section. And for the tunnel with the length of more than 20km, arranging points in a sectional manner, and monitoring by connecting a plurality of monitor optical systems in series or in parallel.
In one embodiment, for example, a 2600 meter highway tunnel gas fume monitor design, the monitoring room is located 60 meters above the ground from the tunnel entrance. Considering the characteristic that the bending radius of a highway tunnel is small, in the optical design, a tunnel which is about 200 meters long is used as a monitoring road section, a monitoring base point is arranged, 13 base points are required to be arranged, 24-core outdoor armored transmission optical fiber cables are selected, one optical fiber in each optical cable is used for optical fiber light source transmission, one end of each optical fiber is connected with an optical fiber light source 2, the other end of each optical fiber is connected with an optical fiber light source beam splitter 4, 16 optical fibers in the rest 23 optical fibers are used for signal transmission of environment monitoring light, and the other 7 optical fibers are used for backup. The multi-core transmission optical fiber cable 3 transmits the monitoring light source into the tunnel, and simultaneously transmits the signal light received by each receiving point of each road section back to the ground monitoring room through the optical fiber cable, and the signal light is displayed and output after photoelectric conversion and data processing.
In this embodiment, the fiber light source emitting head, the beam converging lens 9 and the fiber receiving head are integrated to form an independent optical receiving-emitting head, one is arranged at about 200 meters intervals, the optical receiving-emitting head is installed and fixed above the side wall of the tunnel, an angle reflector 8 is installed at the relative position, the fiber light source 2 in the monitoring room is transmitted to the fiber light source beam splitter 4 in the tunnel through the multi-core transmission fiber optical cable 3, and the beam splitting ratio of the fiber light source beam splitter 4 is 1: and 16, the light source is divided into a calibration reference light beam and 15 environmental monitoring light beams by the optical fiber light source beam splitter 4, and the calibration reference light beam and the environmental monitoring light beams are respectively guided into respective emission heads to form the calibration reference light source and the environmental monitoring light source. The environment monitoring light is output by the monitoring light emitting head 6 through the respective transmission optical fiber 5, passes through the monitored space environment 7 of different road sections, reaches the corner reflector 8, is reflected back to the respective light beam converging lens 9, is converged and coupled to the monitoring light optical fiber receiving head 10 through the light beam converging lens 9, is transmitted to each photoelectric detector (spectrometer) 11 through the respective optical fiber in the transmission optical cable 3, generates a monitoring photoelectric (spectrum) signal, and is output to the signal data processing system 18 for data analysis and processing. The calibration reference light source channel 16 is formed by connecting several hollow tubes with the inner diameter of 80mm in series, is installed and fixed above the side wall of a straight smooth section of a tunnel and is parallel to a monitoring optical cable, a reference light emitting head and a corner reflector for calibration are respectively arranged at two ends of the tube, the angle directions of a light source and a prism are adjusted and fixed to be used as a closed and clean space pipe network 13 for calibrating an optical fiber light source and a monitoring environment background, calibration reference light split from an optical fiber light source beam splitter 4 reaches a calibration reference light emitting head 12 through a transmission optical fiber 3 and is output, the calibration reference light passes through the closed and clean space pipe network 13 and reaches the corner reflector 8, is reflected back to a light beam converging lens 9, is converged and coupled to a calibration reference light optical fiber receiving head 14, is transmitted to a photoelectric detector (spectrometer) 11 through a multi-core transmission optical fiber cable 3 to generate a reference photoelectric (spectral) signal, and is output to a same, the system completes the analysis and processing of the calibration optical signal and the monitoring optical signal data, thereby obtaining the real-time monitoring data of the oil smoke gas composition and content concentration distribution in the space environment of the monitored point, completing the display and output of the data information, and realizing the monitoring, early warning and forecasting of the tunnel space environment.
The invention adopts the design of an all-fiber optical system, optical energy and signal transmission both adopt the optical fiber cable technology, the emission and the reception of a monitoring light source are conducted into a tunnel through a long-line optical fiber cable, and because the optical fiber cable has small loss of optical energy signal transmission, strong anti-interference capability and long transmission distance, the monitoring system can completely realize the operation without a relay station for the tunnel with the length of several kilometers and more than ten kilometers, and for the ultra-long tunnel with the length of dozens of kilometers and hundreds of kilometers, the monitoring signal can be transmitted to the ground through the optical fiber cable and is uniformly and centrally monitored by a central monitoring room of the tunnel, and can also be dispersedly monitored by an intermediate monitoring room which is attached and reserved in the tunnel, thereby realizing the omnibearing 24-hour real-time detection and; the optical fiber monitoring system detects the numerical variation of the spectral power of the light beam in real time by using an optical light power spectrum absorption technical method, so that the information such as the content, concentration and the like of the oil smoke gas or the toxic and harmful compounds in the tunnel space environment is obtained, a basis is provided for tunnel safety early warning and forecast, and data display, information output and early warning and forecast of the oil smoke gas component, content and concentration distribution in the tunnel space environment are completed.
In addition, the large-scale live equipment such as the optical fiber light source, the photoelectric receiving, the data processing and the like is arranged in a ground monitoring center safety place far away from a tunnel entrance, so that the situation that monitoring instrument equipment and the like occupy valuable space of a tunnel can be avoided, meanwhile, great convenience is brought to instrument operation monitoring, maintenance and the like, and because the optical fiber monitoring system does not introduce a power supply wire into the tunnel, the situation that the monitoring instrument equipment adds secondary unsafe factors to the tunnel is avoided; and the optical fiber type optical instrument has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, long service life, safety, reliability and convenient use and maintenance.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An optical fiber type tunnel space environment oil fume gas monitor optical system is characterized by comprising an optical fiber light source, a photoelectric sensor, a signal data processing system, an optical fiber light source beam splitter, a calibration reference light source channel, a plurality of environment monitoring light source channels and a multi-core transmission optical fiber cable, wherein the optical fiber light source is arranged in a monitoring room outside a tunnel;
the calibration reference light source channel and the environment monitoring light source channel are both composed of an optical receiving-transmitting head and an angle reflector, and the optical receiving-transmitting head comprises an optical fiber light source transmitting head, a light beam converging lens and an optical fiber receiving head; the calibration reference light source channel also comprises a space pipe network for cleaning the calibration by using closed ambient air, the space pipe network comprises a plurality of hollow pipes which are connected in series, and the emission head of the calibration reference light source and the corner reflector are respectively arranged at two ends of each hollow pipe;
transmitting emitted light of the optical fiber light source to the optical fiber light source beam splitter through the multi-core transmission optical fiber cable, and respectively introducing the light into the calibration reference light source channel and the plurality of environment monitoring light source channels after being split by the optical fiber light source beam splitter; the calibration reference light source and the environment monitoring light source are respectively output through the optical fiber light source emitting head, are reflected by the corner reflector and then return to the light beam converging lens along the incident light path, are converged and coupled to the optical fiber receiving head through the light beam converging lens, are output to the photoelectric sensor through the multi-core transmission optical fiber cable and are converted into photoelectric signals, and the photoelectric signals are transmitted to the signal data processing system.
2. The optical system of the optical fiber type tunnel space environment lampblack gas monitor as claimed in claim 1, wherein a closed space pipe network for calibration is installed and fixed above a side wall of a straight smooth section of the tunnel.
3. The optical system of the optical fiber type tunnel space environment lampblack gas monitor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical fiber light source beam splitter is connected with the optical fiber light source emitting heads of the calibration reference light source channel and the environment monitoring light source channels through transmission optical fibers respectively.
4. The optical system of an optical fiber type tunnel space environment lampblack gas monitor as claimed in claim 1, wherein one end of each transmission optical fiber of the multi-core transmission optical fiber cable is connected with an optical fiber receiving head of the calibration reference light source channel and the plurality of environment monitoring light source channels respectively, and the other end of each transmission optical fiber is connected with a photoelectric sensor corresponding to the calibration reference light source channel and the plurality of environment monitoring light source channels respectively.
5. The optical system of the optical fiber type tunnel space environment lampblack gas monitor as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein the optical fiber light source beam splitter is used for splitting two or more paths of beams, and the splitting ratio of each path of beams is the same or different.
6. The optical system of the optical fiber type tunnel space environment lampblack gas monitor according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the optical fiber light source emitting head is an optical fiber light source emitting head with a tail fiber and an optical collimator.
7. The optical system of the optical fiber type tunnel space environment lampblack gas monitor as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein the photoelectric sensor comprises a photoelectric detector and a spectrometer.
8. The optical system of an optical fiber type tunnel space environment oil smoke gas monitor according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of optical fiber type tunnel space environment oil smoke gas monitor optical systems are connected in series or in parallel for monitoring a tunnel with a length of more than 20km in a sectional point arrangement mode.
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| CN110068532B (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2024-03-05 | 浙江东方职业技术学院 | Point-type optical fiber smoke-sensing fire detector with built-in light splitting optical fiber for signal indication |
| CN113758920A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-12-07 | 北京新叶科技有限公司 | Ammonia escape monitoring device |
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