CN107340033B - Frozen soil area heat pipe working medium liquid level detection device based on sound wave reflection - Google Patents
Frozen soil area heat pipe working medium liquid level detection device based on sound wave reflection Download PDFInfo
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- CN107340033B CN107340033B CN201710588119.9A CN201710588119A CN107340033B CN 107340033 B CN107340033 B CN 107340033B CN 201710588119 A CN201710588119 A CN 201710588119A CN 107340033 B CN107340033 B CN 107340033B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
- G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
- G01F23/296—Acoustic waves
- G01F23/2962—Measuring transit time of reflected waves
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
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Abstract
The invention relates to a frozen soil area heat pipe working medium liquid level detection device based on sound wave reflection, which comprises a sound wave emission mechanism (1) arranged at the top end of a heat pipe heat dissipation section, a sound wave receiving mechanism (2) arranged at the bottom of the heat pipe heat dissipation section and a data storage (8); the sound wave transmitting mechanism (1) transmits longitudinal sound waves which vertically and downwards propagate in the inner space of the heat pipe and transverse sound waves which vertically and downwards propagate in the back and forth reflection mode on the pipe wall of the heat pipe; the sound wave receiving mechanism (2) receives and identifies direct longitudinal sound waves, direct transverse sound waves and sound waves which are reflected by the working medium liquid surface and scattered upwards by the longitudinal sound waves; the data storage (8) records and stores data from the receiving and transmitting mechanism so as to calculate the position of the liquid level of the working medium in the heat pipe by utilizing the data at a later stage and further judge whether the heat pipe leaks or not.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of frozen soil engineering equipment detection, in particular to a frozen soil area heat pipe working medium liquid level detection device based on sound wave reflection.
Background
The frozen soil is soil body and rock with negative temperature and ice, and the area of the frozen soil in China is mainly distributed in Qinghai-Tibet plateau, great and small Khingan mountains in northeast China, tianshan mountain and Altaishan mountain. Along with the continuous acceleration of national economic construction, various traffic facilities such as Qinghai-Tibet highways, qinghai-Tibet railways and other national important projects are continuously built in the special areas.
Due to the existence of permafrost and thick-layer underground ice, the stability of the foundation of the transmission line tower in the permafrost region has great uncertainty: along with the change of external environment, the melting of ice in frozen soil can lead to the rapid weakening of the foundation of the tower, and the safe operation and the long-term stability of the foundation of the tower are greatly affected. To avoid this effect, a certain number of heat pipes are typically arranged around the foundation to maintain the stability of the foundation.
A heat pipe is a heat conduction system with two-phase convection circulation of vapor and liquid, which is a sealed vacuum steel pipe filled with extremely volatile liquid and gaseous working media (such as nitrogen, freon, propane, CO2 and the like), the upper end is a heat dissipation section provided with heat dissipation fins, and the lower end is a heat absorption section. When the heat pipe is applied, the heat absorption section of the heat pipe is inserted into frozen soil which needs to be cooled. When the ambient temperature, namely the temperature of the radiating section is lower than the temperature of the underground heat absorption section in winter, the heat pipe starts to work in a heat conduction state, and the heat in foundation soil is continuously radiated to cool the soil body.
Therefore, any minor flaw or damage of the heat pipe during the manufacturing, installation and use process can cause the leakage of the internal working medium, thereby affecting the working efficiency of the heat pipe and even being scrapped. Therefore, it is an important task to detect whether the heat pipe is operating properly. The existing detection means generally collect working condition data such as temperature, heat flow and the like of the heat pipe in a heat conduction state, and then judge whether the heat pipe is abnormal or not according to the working condition data. Based on this, the invention provides a new method for judging whether the heat pipe is abnormal without the heat pipe working.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a frozen soil area heat pipe working medium liquid level detection device based on sound wave reflection, which is used for realizing the acquisition of relevant data of the heat pipe working medium liquid level position and providing a basis for judging whether the heat pipe leaks or not.
The basic condition of the heat pipe is to fill working medium for phase change and heat transfer under internal vacuum condition. If volatile working media are lost for various reasons, the heat pipe cannot work. Then, the detection of the amount of the working medium in the heat pipe is an effective detection way.
In order to solve the existing problems, the invention provides a frozen soil area heat pipe working medium liquid level detection device based on sound wave reflection, which is characterized in that: the detection device comprises an acoustic wave emission mechanism arranged at the top end of the heat pipe heat dissipation section, an acoustic wave receiving mechanism arranged at the bottom of the heat pipe heat dissipation section and a data storage connected with the acoustic wave emission mechanism and the acoustic wave receiving mechanism;
the sound wave transmitting mechanism is used for transmitting longitudinal sound waves which vertically downwards propagate in the inner space of the heat pipe and transverse sound waves which horizontally downwards propagate in the back and forth reflection on the pipe wall of the heat pipe, and transmitting related data of the transmitted sound waves to the data storage; the frequencies of the longitudinal sound wave and the transverse sound wave are the same;
the sound wave receiving mechanism is used for receiving and identifying direct longitudinal sound waves, direct transverse sound waves and sound waves which are reflected by the working medium liquid level and scattered upwards by the longitudinal sound waves, and transmitting relevant data of the received sound waves to the data storage;
the data storage is used for recording and storing data from the sound wave transmitting mechanism and the sound wave receiving mechanism so that a technician can take out and analyze the data to obtain the specific position of the liquid level of the working medium in the heat pipe;
the related data of the transmitted sound waves at least comprise the type identification and the transmitting time of each transmitted sound wave, and the related data of the received sound waves at least comprise the type identification and the receiving time of each received sound wave.
Preferably, the sound wave transmitting mechanism comprises a U-shaped hollow shell reversely buckled at the top end of the heat pipe heat dissipation section in use, a longitudinal sound wave transmitter arranged at the upper side of the inside of the shell and transverse sound wave transmitters symmetrically arranged at two sides of the inside of the shell; the emission head of the longitudinal acoustic wave emitter is opposite to the top end of the heat pipe radiating section, and an included angle is formed between the emission head of the transverse acoustic wave emitter and the pipe wall of the heat pipe, and is larger than 0 degrees and smaller than 90 degrees; the longitudinal acoustic wave transmitter and the transverse acoustic wave transmitter transmit respective associated data to the data storage.
Preferably, the longitudinal acoustic wave emitter and the transverse acoustic wave emitter are both variable frequency acoustic wave emitters.
Preferably, the sound wave receiving mechanism comprises an annular sound wave receiving layer and a sound wave receiving column which is arranged on the inner side of the sound wave receiving layer and protrudes out; the sound wave receiving column is used for receiving direct longitudinal sound waves and sound waves which are reflected upwards by the working medium liquid level and transmitting relevant data to the data storage; the sound wave receiving layer is used for receiving direct transverse sound waves and transmitting relevant data to the data storage.
Preferably, the sound wave receiving mechanism further comprises an anti-interference layer surrounding the outer side and the upper side of the sound wave receiving layer.
Preferably, the annular sound wave receiving layer and the anti-interference layer are both in a structure formed by combining two semi-circles.
Preferably, the longitudinal sound wave and the transverse sound wave can be replaced with each other.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, longitudinal sound waves emitted by the sound wave emitting mechanism at the top of the heat pipe are directly downwards transmitted in the inner space of the heat pipe, and transverse sound waves are reflected back and forth on the pipe wall of the heat pipe to downwards transmit due to a certain angle in the process of emission, the frequencies of the two sound waves are the same, the sound wave receiving mechanism receives and identifies the direct longitudinal sound waves and the direct transverse sound waves and sound waves which are upwards scattered by the reflection of the working medium liquid level, the position of the working medium liquid level in the heat pipe can be calculated by utilizing the receiving time of the sound waves, the emitting angle of the transverse sound waves, the diameter of the heat pipe and other data, and the position of the working medium liquid level can be compared with the calibrated working medium position in factory, so that whether the heat pipe leaks or not is judged, and the working condition of the heat pipe is judged.
The invention is used when the heat pipe stops working and is in a static state, the heat pipe can be checked without working, the detection can be carried out in the daytime or in good weather, the detection efficiency is high, and the safety of technicians is ensured.
Based on the advantages, the sound wave receiving mechanism further comprises a sound wave receiving column and a sound wave receiving layer, wherein the raised sound wave receiving column is used for receiving direct longitudinal sound waves and sound waves upward through the reflection of the working medium liquid level, and the sound wave receiving layer is used for receiving direct transverse sound waves, namely, longitudinal sound waves and transverse sound waves are separately received, so that the accuracy of detection data is ensured. In addition, the anti-interference layer in a semi-wrapping mode is further arranged on the sound wave receiving layer, so that the received sound wave signal is ensured to come from the heat pipe only, the interference signal is avoided, and the accuracy of detection data is further ensured.
Drawings
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the relative positions of the heat pipe to be tested in use of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional perspective view of the acoustic wave transmitting mechanism 1 in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic vertical section of the acoustic wave receiving apparatus 2 in fig. 1.
In the figure: 1-sound wave transmitting mechanism, 2-sound wave receiving mechanism, 3-longitudinal sound wave transmitter, 4-transverse sound wave transmitter (4), 5-sound wave receiving column, 6-sound wave receiving layer, 7-anti-interference layer, 8-data memory.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a device for detecting the working medium level of a heat pipe in a frozen soil area based on sound wave reflection (hereinafter referred to as a detection device) specifically comprises a sound wave emitting mechanism 1, a sound wave receiving mechanism 2 and a data storage 8 connected with the sound wave emitting mechanism and the sound wave receiving mechanism, wherein the data storage 8 is used for recording and storing data (namely, position related data of the working medium level) from the sound wave emitting mechanism 1 and the sound wave receiving mechanism 2, so that a technician can take out and analyze the data to obtain a specific position of the working medium level in the heat pipe.
When in use, the sound wave transmitting mechanism 1 is arranged at the top end of the heat dissipation section of the heat pipe, and can transmit longitudinal sound waves vertically downwards propagating in the inner space of the heat pipe and transverse sound waves downwards propagating in the back and forth reflection on the pipe wall of the heat pipe, and transmit relevant data of the transmitted sound waves to the data storage 8; the longitudinal sound wave and the transverse sound wave have the same frequency, and are distinguished by the transverse and longitudinal directions of the sound waves. The sound wave vertically downwards can generate reflection on the liquid level of the working medium to generate echo; due to the angle (more than 0 DEG and less than 90 DEG) existing in the emission process, the transverse sound waves can be reflected and propagated back and forth on the wall of the heat pipe.
It should be understood that the longitudinal sound wave and the transverse sound wave may be interchanged, that is, the sound wave emitted by the sound wave emitting mechanism 1 and propagating vertically downwards may be a transverse wave, and accordingly, the sound wave emitted to and fro and propagating downwards may be a longitudinal wave, which is of course converted correspondingly by the sound wave receiving mechanism 2, and such conversion is equivalent to the protection scope of the present application.
The sound wave receiving mechanism 2 is sleeved at the bottom of the heat pipe radiating section and is tightly attached to the ground, the liquid level position of the working medium in the heat pipe is usually lower than the ground, the setting of the ground surface position can effectively avoid echo interference generated by the contact position of the metal pipe and the ground surface, the sound wave receiving mechanism 2 can receive and identify direct longitudinal sound waves, direct transverse sound waves and sound waves which are reflected by the liquid level of the working medium and are scattered upwards, and relevant data of the received sound waves are transmitted to the data storage 8.
The relevant data of the transmitted sound waves at least comprise information such as a type identifier and a transmitting time of each transmitted sound wave, the relevant data of the received sound waves at least comprise information such as a type identifier and a receiving time of each received sound wave, the type identifier comprises transverse waves and longitudinal waves and is used for distinguishing the transverse waves and the longitudinal waves in the later stage, and the transmitting and receiving time is used for calculating the propagation time of each path in the later stage.
The internal diameter of the heat pipe and the emission angle of the transverse sound wave are known, so that the propagation speed of the transverse sound wave in the heat pipe can be calculated through the propagation path from the emission to the receiving of the transverse sound wave, and the propagation speeds of the transverse sound wave and the longitudinal sound wave in the heat pipe are the same because the frequencies of the transverse sound wave and the longitudinal sound wave are the same, so that the time between the emission of the longitudinal sound wave and the reflection of the working medium is calculated, and the distance from the liquid level of the working medium to the top of the heat pipe can be obtained through multiplication of the speed and the time. In addition, the timing parallel synchronization between the two receiving and transmitting mechanisms can be realized, and the working medium liquid level position can be conveniently, rapidly and accurately calculated in the later stage.
Further, referring to fig. 2, the above-mentioned sound wave emitting mechanism specifically includes a U-shaped hollow housing inversely fastened to the top end of the heat dissipation section of the heat pipe in use, a longitudinal sound wave emitter 3 disposed on the upper side (upside of the inverted U-shape) inside the housing, and transverse sound wave emitters 4 symmetrically disposed on two sides inside the housing. It will be appreciated that the longitudinal acoustic wave emitter 3 is configured to emit longitudinal acoustic waves with its emitter head facing the top of the heat pipe; the transverse sound wave emitter 4 is used for emitting transverse sound waves, and the emitting head of the transverse sound wave emitter forms an included angle with the wall of the heat pipe, and the included angle is more than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees; of course, both acoustic transmitters will transmit their respective data to the data storage 8.
In practical application, the longitudinal acoustic wave emitter 3 and the transverse acoustic wave emitter 4 can be variable-frequency acoustic wave emitters, and can emit acoustic waves in any frequency range of 100-1000 Hz; and the sound waves with different frequencies are utilized for multiple detection, and the accuracy of determining the liquid level position of the working medium can be improved through comparison and analysis of multiple detection data.
Further, referring to fig. 3, the acoustic wave receiving mechanism 2 specifically includes an annular acoustic wave receiving layer 6 and an acoustic wave receiving column 5 disposed inside the acoustic wave receiving layer 6 and protruding, where both are high-sensitivity acoustic wave sensors, and can receive weak acoustic wave signals in different frequency bands, and attach the weak acoustic wave signals to the outer wall of the heat pipe, so that the acoustic wave signals transmitted from the inside of the heat pipe can be accurately detected; the sound wave receiving column 5 is used for receiving direct longitudinal sound waves and sound waves upward reflected by the working medium liquid level and transmitting relevant data to the data storage 8; the acoustic wave receiving layer 6 is used for receiving the direct transverse acoustic wave and transmitting relevant data to the data memory 8.
In addition, in order to avoid the influence of external sound on the detection data, the acoustic wave receiving mechanism 2 further includes an anti-interference layer 7 surrounding the outer side and the upper side of the acoustic wave receiving layer 6, and only the inner side and the lower side of the acoustic wave receiving layer 6 and the acoustic wave receiving column 5 inside thereof are exposed. The annular sound wave receiving layer 6 and the anti-interference layer 7 can be of a structure formed by combining two semi-circles, and are conveniently sleeved on the outer wall of the heat pipe.
When the detection device is used, the sound wave emitting mechanism 1 with a U-shaped structure is reversely buckled at the top end of the heat pipe, so that the sound wave emitting mechanism is tightly contacted with the heat pipe, and sound waves emitted by the whole U-shaped structure can enter from the top end of the heat pipe as much as possible; then two semicircular sound wave receiving mechanisms 2 are combined together and clamped on the outer wall of the heat pipe tightly, so that the sound wave receiving column 5 at the innermost layer is tightly attached to the outer wall of the heat pipe and fully contacted with the heat pipe, and the whole receiving mechanism is placed on the ground at the bottom of the heat dissipation end of the heat pipe. At this time, the transmitting frequencies of two transmitters in the sound wave transmitting mechanism 1 are regulated until the sound wave receiving column 5 and the sound wave receiving layer 6 can both receive clear and stable sound wave signals; and the detection device runs by itself, and finally, data is extracted from the data memory 8 for later analysis.
In summary, in the detection device of the invention, the sound wave transmitting mechanism 1 adopts the longitudinal and transverse variable frequency sound wave transmitters, and can emit sound waves with different directions and different frequencies, so that the sound waves can reach the working medium liquid level of the heat pipe along different paths and are reflected by the heat pipe to reach the sound wave receiving mechanism 2; the acoustic wave receiving mechanism 2 adopts two sets of receivers, transverse and longitudinal waves are separately received, and an anti-interference semi-wrapping mode is adopted, only the innermost side and the lower side of a receiving layer and the acoustic wave receiving column 5 are exposed, and other parts are wrapped by anti-interference sound insulation materials, so that the received acoustic wave signals are ensured to be only from the heat pipe, and interference signals are avoided. This series of measures enables the accuracy of the detected data to be ensured.
Claims (7)
1. A frozen soil area heat pipe working medium liquid level detection device based on sound wave reflection is characterized in that: the detection device comprises an acoustic wave transmitting mechanism (1) arranged at the top end of the heat pipe heat dissipation section, an acoustic wave receiving mechanism (2) arranged at the bottom of the heat pipe heat dissipation section and a data storage (8) connected with the acoustic wave transmitting mechanism and the acoustic wave receiving mechanism;
the sound wave transmitting mechanism (1) is used for transmitting longitudinal sound waves which vertically downwards propagate in the inner space of the heat pipe and transverse sound waves which horizontally downwards propagate in the back and forth reflection on the pipe wall of the heat pipe, and transmitting related data of the transmitted sound waves to the data storage (8); the frequencies of the longitudinal sound wave and the transverse sound wave are the same;
the sound wave receiving mechanism (2) is used for receiving and identifying direct longitudinal sound waves, direct transverse sound waves and sound waves which are scattered upwards by the longitudinal sound waves through the reflection of the working medium liquid level, and transmitting relevant data of the received sound waves to the data storage (8);
the data storage (8) is used for recording and storing data from the sound wave emitting mechanism (1) and the sound wave receiving mechanism (2) so that technicians can take out and analyze the data to obtain the specific position of the working medium liquid level in the heat pipe; the specific position of the working medium liquid level in the heat pipe is determined by the following steps: calculating the propagation speed of the transverse sound wave in the heat pipe according to the propagation path from the emission to the receiving of the transverse sound wave and the time, and calculating the time between the emission of the longitudinal sound wave and the reflection of the working medium, wherein the propagation speed and the time are multiplied to obtain the distance from the liquid level of the working medium to the top of the heat pipe;
the related data of the transmitted sound waves at least comprise the type identification and the transmitting time of each transmitted sound wave, and the related data of the received sound waves at least comprise the type identification and the receiving time of each received sound wave.
2. The detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the sound wave emission mechanism (1) comprises a U-shaped hollow shell reversely buckled at the top end of the heat pipe heat dissipation section in use, a longitudinal sound wave emitter (3) arranged at the upper side inside the shell and transverse sound wave emitters (4) symmetrically arranged at two sides inside the shell; the emitting head of the longitudinal acoustic wave emitter (3) is opposite to the top end of the heat pipe radiating section, and the emitting head of the transverse acoustic wave emitter (4) forms a certain included angle with the pipe wall of the heat pipe, wherein the included angle is larger than 0 degrees and smaller than 90 degrees; the longitudinal acoustic wave emitter (3) and the transverse acoustic wave emitter (4) transmit respective associated data to the data memory (8).
3. The detection apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the longitudinal acoustic wave emitter (3) and the transverse acoustic wave emitter (4) are both variable-frequency acoustic wave emitters.
4. The detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the sound wave receiving mechanism (2) comprises an annular sound wave receiving layer (6) and a sound wave receiving column (5) which is arranged on the inner side of the sound wave receiving layer (6) and protrudes; the sound wave receiving column (5) is used for receiving direct longitudinal sound waves and sound waves which are reflected upwards by the working medium liquid level and transmitting relevant data to the data storage (8); the sound wave receiving layer (6) is used for receiving direct transverse sound waves and transmitting relevant data to the data storage (8).
5. The detection apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: the sound wave receiving mechanism (2) further comprises an anti-interference layer (7) which is arranged on the outer side and the upper side of the sound wave receiving layer (6) in a surrounding mode.
6. The detection apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: the annular sound wave receiving layer (6) and the anti-interference layer (7) are of a structure formed by combining two semi-circles.
7. The detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the longitudinal sound wave and the transverse sound wave can be replaced with each other.
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