CN107337606B - 一种胺的甲基化方法 - Google Patents

一种胺的甲基化方法 Download PDF

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CN107337606B
CN107337606B CN201710454281.1A CN201710454281A CN107337606B CN 107337606 B CN107337606 B CN 107337606B CN 201710454281 A CN201710454281 A CN 201710454281A CN 107337606 B CN107337606 B CN 107337606B
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林柏霖
陆春磊
祝亿灵
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University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种胺的甲基化方法,其特征在于,在氮气或惰性气体保护下将有机胺、还原剂聚甲基氢硅氧烷或二苯硅烷、催化剂磷酸钾以及添加剂18‑冠‑6加入到反应容器中,以二氧化碳为C1源,进行反应,得到胺的甲基化产物。本发明以磷酸钾为催化剂,二氧化碳为C1源,聚甲基氢硅氧烷或二苯硅烷为还原剂,18‑冠‑6为添加剂。各类有机胺在乙腈溶剂或无溶剂下转变为相应的甲基化产物。二氧化碳,聚甲基氢硅氧烷(PMHS)这两种废弃物在该方法中分别作为C1源和还原剂,磷酸盐作为催化剂,价格低廉,转化效率高。因此,该方法也为绿色化学的发展作出了重要贡献。

Description

一种胺的甲基化方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种胺的甲基化方法,属于有机化学技术领域。
背景技术
甲基取代的胺广泛存在于天然产物中,并且在大化工、精细化工、药物和染料等方面有着重要的应用。而工业上传统的甲基化是通过Eschweiler-Clarke Methylation反应制备,有毒的甲醛作为C1的来源,羧酸作为还原剂。实验室中,常用的甲基化试剂是碘甲烷,硫酸二甲酯,对甲苯磺酸甲酯,重氮甲烷等。这些高毒性试剂在实际使用中颇受限制。因此,新型甲基化方法的开发显得十分重要。近几年,科学家们发现了一类新的甲基化方法:利用无毒,廉价的二氧化碳作为C1源,氢气或硅烷或硼烷作为还原剂,在催化剂的存在下将胺转化为相应的甲基化产物。这些还原剂中,氢气的安全隐患高,硼烷的毒性大,与之相比,硅烷(如苯硅烷,二苯硅烷,聚甲基氢硅氧烷等)的存储,使用,安全方面的优势就显得非常突出。尤其是作为工业废料的聚甲基氢硅氧烷(PMHS),不但稳定,且价格十分低廉。2013年,Cantat组发现:于THF中,在IPrZnCl2催化下,N-甲基苯胺,苯硅烷,和1bar CO2在100℃反应20个小时可以得到N,N-二甲基苯胺,产率为95%。同年,Beller发现:于甲苯中,在催化体系(RuCl2(dmso)4,BuPAd2)的作用下,N-甲基苯胺,苯硅烷,和30bar CO2在100℃反应16个小时也能得到N,N-二甲基苯胺,产率为98%。到目前为止已有多中金属催化剂(如Ru,Fe,Cu,Zn,Ni,Au,Cs)和非金属催化剂(如卡宾,全氟苯基硼,四丁基氟化铵)被开发出来。这些催化体系中的催化剂的价格比较昂贵,且所用的还原剂均是价格较高的硅烷,此外鲜有体系能催化多种含氮药物或药物中间体。因此寻找低毒、廉价、高效的甲基化方法仍十分重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种廉价、高效的胺的甲基化方法,且该方法对多种含氮药物或药物中间体均能适用。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供了一种胺的甲基化方法,其特征在于,在氮气或惰性气体保护下将有机胺、还原剂聚甲基氢硅氧烷或二苯硅烷、催化剂磷酸钾以及添加剂18-冠-6加入到反应容器中,以二氧化碳为C1源,进行反应,得到胺的甲基化产物。
优选地,所述的反应容器中还加入乙腈溶剂。
更优选地,所述的有机胺与乙腈溶剂的比例为2.5x10-4-5x10-4mol:3.8x10-2mol。
优选地,所述的有机胺为4-氟-N-甲基苯胺、N-苄基苯胺、N-环己基苯胺、N-环丙基-4-硝基苄胺、烯丙基苯胺、3-(苯氨基)丙腈、奥氮平、托莫西汀、雷沙吉兰、阿莫沙平、度洛西汀、去甲替林、舍曲林、萘替芬前体和降烟碱。
优选地,所述的反应温度为40℃2~120℃。
优选地,所述的CO2的压力为1bar~2bar。
优选地,所述的还原剂与有机胺的摩尔比为1∶0.125~0.3。
优选地,所述的催化剂与有机胺的摩尔比为1∶10~40。
优选地,所述的添加剂与有机胺的摩尔比为1∶5~20。
优选地,所述的二氧化碳的加入方式为将反应容器中的氮气或惰性气体置换为二氧化碳。
优选地,所述的将反应容器中的氮气或惰性气体置换为二氧化碳通过冻抽操作实现。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明以磷酸钾为催化剂,二氧化碳为C1源,聚甲基氢硅氧烷或二苯硅烷为还原剂,18-冠-6为添加剂。各类有机胺在乙腈溶剂或无溶剂下转变为相应的甲基化产物。二氧化碳,聚甲基氢硅氧烷(PMHS)这两种废弃物在该方法中分别作为C1源和还原剂,磷酸盐作为催化剂,价格低廉,转化效率高。因此,该方法也为绿色化学的发展作出了重要贡献。
附图说明
图1为-氟-N,N-二甲基苯胺的氢谱图;
图2为4-氟-N,N-二甲基苯胺的碳谱图;
图3为N-甲基-N-氰乙基苯胺的氢谱图;
图4为N-甲基-N-氰乙基苯胺的碳谱图;
图5为N-甲基-N-环丙基-4-硝基苄胺的氢谱图;
图6为N-甲基-N-环丙基-4-硝基苄胺的碳谱图;
图7为N-甲基-N-烯丙基苯胺的氢谱图;
图8为N-甲基-N-烯丙基苯胺的碳谱图;
图9为N-甲基-N-苄基苯胺的氢谱图;
图10为N-甲基-N-苄基苯胺的碳谱图;
图11为N-甲基-N-环己基苯胺的氢谱图;
图12为N-甲基-N-环己基苯胺的碳谱图;
图13为舍曲林对应甲基化产物的氢谱图;
图14为舍曲林对应甲基化产物的碳谱图;
图15为萘替芬的氢谱图;
图16为萘替芬的碳谱图;
图17为尼古丁的氢谱图;
图18为尼古丁的碳谱图;
图19为奥氮平对应甲基化产物的氢谱图;
图20为奥氮平对应甲基化产物的碳谱图;
图21为雷沙吉兰对应的甲基化产物的氢谱图;
图22为雷沙吉兰对应的甲基化产物的碳谱图;
图23为托莫西汀对应的甲基化产物的氢谱图;
图24为托莫西汀对应的甲基化产物的碳谱图;
图25为度洛西汀对应的甲基化产物的氢谱图;
图26为度洛西汀对应的甲基化产物的碳谱图;
图27为阿米替林的氢谱图;
图28为阿米替林的碳谱图;
图29为阿莫沙平对应的甲基化产物的氢谱图;
图30为阿莫沙平对应的甲基化产物的碳谱图;
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
本发明各实施例中的摩尔百分数均以有机胺为基准。
实施例1
4-氟-N,N-二甲基苯胺的制备:
1)在氮气保护下,在手套箱中将0.5mmol 4-氟-N-甲基苯胺,8equiv还原剂PMHS(4mmol Si-H),2.5mol%催化剂磷酸钾,5mol%添加剂18-冠-6,3.2ml乙腈加入到100mlschlenk管中。
2)通过双排管在液氮冷却冻抽操作下将schlenk管中的N2置换成CO2作为C1源,CO2的压力为1bar。
3)于80℃反应24小时。
4)反应结束后通过柱层析分离,固定相为硅胶,流动相为石油醚,Bruker核磁鉴定,最终得到目标产物4-氟-N,N-二甲基苯胺(如图1和图2所示),分离产率95%。
实施例2
N-甲基-N-氰乙基苯胺的制备:
1)在氮气保护下,在手套箱中将0.5mmol 3-(苯胺基)丙腈,8equiv PMHS(4mmolSi-H),2.5mol%磷酸钾,5mol%18-冠-6,3.2ml乙腈加入到100ml schlenk管中。
2)通过双排管在液氮冷却冻抽操作下将schlenk管中的N2置换成CO2作为C1源,CO2的压力为1bar。
3)于80℃反应24小时。
4)反应结束后通过柱层析分离,固定相为硅胶,流动相为石油醚和乙酸乙酯,体积比为9∶1。Bruker核磁鉴定,最终得到目标产物N-甲基-N-氰乙基苯胺(如图3和图4所示),分离产率93%。
实施例3
N-甲基-N-环丙基-4-硝基苄胺的制备:
1)在氮气保护下,在氮气保护下,在手套箱中将0.5mmol N-环丙基-4-硝基苄胺,8equiv PMHS(4mmol Si-H),2.5mol%磷酸钾,5mol%18-冠-6,3.2ml乙腈加入到100mlschlenk管中。
2)通过双排管在液氮冷却冻抽操作下将schlenk管中的N2置换成CO2作为C1源,CO2的压力为1bar。
3)于80℃反应72小时。
4)反应结束后通过柱层析分离,固定相为硅胶,流动相为石油醚和乙酸乙酯,体积比为6∶1。Bruker核磁鉴定,最终得到目标产物N-甲基-N-环丙基-4-硝基苄胺(如图5和图6所示),分离产率69%。
实施例4
N-甲基-N-烯丙基苯胺的制备:
1)在氮气保护下,在手套箱中将0.5mmol N-烯丙基苯胺,8equiv PMHS(4mmol Si-H),2.5mol%磷酸钾,5mol%18-冠-6,3.2ml乙腈加入到100ml schlenk管中。
2)通过双排管在液氮冷却冻抽操作下将schlenk管中的N2置换成CO2作为C1源,CO2的压力为1bar。
3)于80℃反应24小时。
4)反应结束后通过柱层析分离,固定相为硅胶,流动相为石油醚。Bruker核磁鉴定,最终得到目标产物N-甲基-N-烯丙基苯胺(如图7和图8所示),分离产率95%。
实施例5
N-甲基-N-苄基苯胺的制备:
1)在氮气保护下,在手套箱中将0.5mmol N-苄基苯胺,8equiv PMHS(4mmol Si-H),2.5mol%磷酸钾,5mol%18-冠-6,3.2ml乙腈加入到100ml schlenk管中。
2)通过双排管在液氮冷却冻抽操作下将schlenk管中的N2置换成CO2作为C1源,CO2的压力为1bar。
3)于80℃反应24小时。
4)反应结束后通过柱层析分离,固定相为硅胶,流动相为石油醚和乙酸乙酯,体积比为99∶1。Bruker核磁鉴定,最终得到目标产物N-甲基-N-苄基苯胺(如图9和图10所示),分离产率95%。
实施例6
N-甲基-N-环己基苯胺的制备
1)在氮气保护下,在手套箱中将0.5mmol N-环己基苯胺,8equiv PMHS(4mmol Si-H),2.5mol%磷酸钾,5mol%18-冠-6,3.2ml乙腈加入到100ml schlenk管中。
2)通过双排管在液氮冷却冻抽操作下将schlenk管中的N2置换成CO2作为C1源,CO2的压力为1bar。
3)于80℃反应24小时。
4)反应结束后通过柱层析分离,固定相为硅胶,流动相为石油醚。Bruker核磁鉴定,最终得到目标产物N-甲基-N-环己基苯胺(如图11和图12所示),分离产率96%。
实施例7
药物舍曲林对应甲基化产物的制备
1)在氮气保护下,在手套箱中将0.25mmol舍曲林,12equivPMHS(3mmol Si-H),10mol%磷酸钾,20mol%18-冠-6,1.6ml乙腈加入到50ml schlenk管中。
2)通过双排管在液氮冷却冻抽操作下将schlenk管中的N2置换成CO2作为C1源,CO2的压力为1bar。
3)于80℃反应72小时。
4)反应结束后通过柱层析分离,固定相为硅胶,流动相为乙酸乙酯。Bruker核磁鉴定,最终得到舍曲林对应的甲基化产物(如图13和图14所示),分离产率83%。
实施例8
药物萘替芬的制备
1)在氮气保护下,在手套箱中将0.25mmol萘替芬前体(CAS:92610-10-1),12equivPMHS(3mmol Si-H),10mol%磷酸钾,20mol%18-冠-6,1.6ml乙腈加入到50ml schlenk管中。
2)通过双排管在液氮冷却冻抽操作下将schlenk管中的N2置换成CO2作为C1源,CO2的压力为1bar。
3)于80℃反应72小时。
4)反应结束后通过柱层析分离,固定相为硅胶,流动相为石油醚和乙酸乙酯,体积比为2∶1。Bruker核磁鉴定,最终得到药物萘替芬(如图15和图16所示),分离产率95%。
实施例9
药物尼古丁的制备
1)在氮气保护下,在手套箱中将0.25mmol降烟碱,1.5ml二苯硅烷(8x10-3mol),10mol%磷酸钾,20mol%18-冠-6加入到50ml schlenk管中。
2)通过双排管在液氮冷却冻抽操作下将schlenk管中的N2置换成CO2作为C1源,CO2的压力为1bar。
3)于80℃反应72小时。
4)反应结束后通过柱层析分离,固定相为硅胶,流动相为二氯甲烷和甲醇,体积比为6∶1。Bruker核磁鉴定,最终得到药物尼古丁(如图17和图18所示),分离产率70%。
实施例10
药物奥氮平对应甲基化产物的制备
1)在氮气保护下,在手套箱中将0.25mmol奥氮平,12equiv PMHS(3mmol Si-H),10mol%磷酸钾,20mol%18-冠-6,1.6ml乙腈加入到50ml schlenk管中。
2)通过双排管在液氮冷却冻抽操作下将schlenk管中的N2置换成CO2作为C1源,CO2的压力为1bar。
3)于80℃反应72小时。
4)反应结束后通过柱层析分离,固定相为硅胶,流动相为乙酸乙酯和甲醇,体积比为7∶1。Bruker核磁鉴定,最终得到药物奥氮平对应甲基化产物(如图19和图20所示),分离产率83%。
实施例11
药物雷沙吉兰对应的甲基化产物的制备
1)在氮气保护下,在手套箱中将0.5mmol雷沙吉兰,12equiv PMHS(6mmol Si-H),10mol%磷酸钾,20mol%18-冠-6,3.2ml乙腈加入到100ml schlenk管中。
2)通过双排管在液氮冷却冻抽操作下将schlenk管中的N2置换成CO2作为C1源,CO2的压力为1bar。
3)于80℃反应72小时。
4)反应结束后通过柱层析分离,固定相为硅胶,流动相为石油醚和乙酸乙酯,体积比为4∶1。Bruker核磁鉴定,最终得到药物雷沙吉兰对应的甲基化产物(如图21和图22所示),分离产率76%。
实施例12
药物托莫西汀对应的甲基化产物的制备
1)在氮气保护下,在手套箱中将0.25mmol托莫西汀,1.5ml二苯硅烷(8x10-3mol),10mol%磷酸钾,20mol%18-冠-6加入到50ml schlenk管中。
2)通过双排管在液氮冷却冻抽操作下将schlenk管中的N2置换成CO2作为C1源,CO2的压力为1bar。
3)于80℃反应72小时。
4)反应结束后通过柱层析分离,固定相为硅胶,流动相为乙酸乙酯和甲醇,体积比为6∶1。Bruker核磁鉴定,最终得到药物托莫西汀对应的甲基化产物(如图23和图24所示),分离产率90%。
实施例13
药物度洛西汀对应的甲基化产物的制备
1)在氮气保护下,在手套箱中将0.25mmol度洛西汀,1.5ml二苯硅烷(8x10-3mol),10mol%磷酸钾,20mol%18-冠-6加入到50ml schlenk管中。
2)通过双排管在液氮冷却冻抽操作下将schlenk管中的N2置换成CO2作为C1源,CO2的压力为1bar。
3)于80℃反应72小时。
4)反应结束后通过柱层析分离,固定相为硅胶,流动相为乙酸乙酯和甲醇,体积比为6∶1。Bruker核磁鉴定,最终得到药物度洛西汀对应的甲基化产物(如图25和图26所示),分离产率72%。
实施例14
药物阿米替林的制备
1)在氮气保护下,在手套箱中将0.25mmol去甲替林,1.5ml二苯硅烷(8x10-3mol),10mol%磷酸钾,20mol%18-冠-6加入到50ml schlenk管中。
2)通过双排管在液氮冷却冻抽操作下将schlenk管中的N2置换成CO2作为C1源,CO2的压力为1bar。
3)于80℃反应72小时。
4)反应结束后通过柱层析分离,固定相为硅胶,流动相为乙酸乙酯和甲醇,体积比10∶1。Bruker核磁鉴定,最终得到药物阿米替林(如图27和图28所示),分离产率78%。
实施例15
药物阿莫沙平对应的甲基化产物的制备
1)在氮气保护下,在手套箱中将0.25mmol阿莫沙平,1.5ml二苯硅烷(8x10-3mol),10mol%磷酸钾,20mol%18-冠-6加入到50ml schlenk管中。
2)通过双排管在液氮冷却冻抽操作下将schlenk管中的N2置换成CO2作为C1源,CO2的压力为1bar。
3)于80℃反应72小时。
4)反应结束后通过柱层析分离,固定相为硅胶,流动相为二氯甲烷和甲醇,体积比为20∶1。Bruker核磁鉴定,最终得到药物阿莫沙平对应的甲基化产物(如图29和图30所示),分离产率36%。

Claims (10)

1.一种胺的甲基化方法,其特征在于,在氮气或惰性气体保护下将有机胺、还原剂聚甲基氢硅氧烷或二苯硅烷、催化剂磷酸钾以及添加剂18-冠-6加入到反应容器中,以二氧化碳为C1源,进行反应,得到胺的甲基化产物。
2.如权利要求1所述的胺的甲基化方法,其特征在于,所述的反应容器中还加入乙腈溶剂。
3.如权利要求1所述的胺的甲基化方法,其特征在于,所述的有机胺与乙腈溶剂的比例为2.5×10-4-5×10-4mol:3.8×10-2mol。
4.如权利要求1所述的胺的甲基化方法,其特征在于,所述的有机胺为4-氟-N-甲基苯胺、N-苄基苯胺、N-环己基苯胺、N-环丙基-4-硝基苄胺、烯丙基苯胺、3-(苯氨基)丙腈、奥氮平、托莫西汀、雷沙吉兰、阿莫沙平、度洛西汀、去甲替林、舍曲林、萘替芬前体和降烟碱。
5.如权利要求1所述的胺的甲基化方法,其特征在于,所述的反应温度为40℃~100℃。
6.如权利要求1所述的胺的甲基化方法,其特征在于,所述的还原剂与有机胺的摩尔比为1:0.125~0.3。
7.如权利要求1所述的胺的甲基化方法,其特征在于,所述的催化剂与有机胺的摩尔比为1:10~40。
8.如权利要求1所述的胺的甲基化方法,其特征在于,所述的添加剂与有机胺的摩尔比为1:5~20。
9.如权利要求1所述的胺的甲基化方法,其特征在于,所述的二氧化碳的加入方式为将反应容器中的氮气或惰性气体置换为二氧化碳。
10.如权利要求9所述的胺的甲基化方法,其特征在于,所述的将反应容器中的氮气或惰性气体置换为二氧化碳通过冻抽操作实现。
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