CN107335422B - 一种碳功能化氧化铈的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种碳功能化氧化铈的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 ammonium ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- DPUCLPLBKVSJIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Ce] DPUCLPLBKVSJIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 27
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- CQPFMGBJSMSXLP-ZAGWXBKKSA-M Acid orange 7 Chemical compound OC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2C=C1)/N=N/C1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+] CQPFMGBJSMSXLP-ZAGWXBKKSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000013033 photocatalytic degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910004664 Cerium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032900 absorption of visible light Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ce](Cl)Cl VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000421 cerium(III) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003403 water pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种碳功能化氧化铈的制备方法:首先,在去离子水中溶解一定量的Ce(NO3)3·6H2O,然后加入氨水,调节其pH值至一定范围,混合液陈化一定时间后,过滤、烘干;取一定量的烘干样品对一定浓度的染料进行吸附,获得吸附染料的混合物;混合物经过滤、烘干后,在氮气保护下,以一定升温速率至一定温度对混合物进行加热,获得碳功能化氧化铈材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于复合氧化物制备技术领域,特别涉及一种碳功能化氧化铈的制备方法。
背景技术
众所周知,水是生命之源、生产之要、生态之基。近年来,由于我国工业化程度不断提高,导致水体污染严重。因此,水污染防治是人们十分关注的领域。在所有的水污染物中,染料所占比例较高,结构复杂,属难处理工业废料之一。据统计,在印染过程中,每加工1吨纺织品需耗水100~200吨,其中80~90%为废水,因此废水量大,不但严重污染受纳水体和环境,而且还通过渗透或淋溶作用,对地下水及地表水造成次生污染,给人体及生态环境造成严重威胁。因此,开发具有自主知识产权、经济高效的染料去除技术,对经济可持续发展和营造良好生活环境具有重要意义。
在所有染料污水处理方法中,光催化降解法备受关注,因为它能把染料降解为无毒、无害的小分子物质,如H2O,CO2。CeO2由于具有无毒性、高稳定性,同时对可见光具有潜在吸收性能(Fallah J E,Hilaire L,Romeo M,et al.J.ElectronSpectrosc.Relat.Phenom.,1995,73:89-103),所以在光催化领域可发挥重要作用(HuangY,Long B,Tang M,et al.Appl.Catal.B:Environ.,2016,181:779-781;Tambat S,UmaleS,Sontakke S,Mater.Res.Bull.,2016,76:466-472;Zhang X Y,Ge S S,Shao Q,etal.Chin.J.Inorg.Chem.,2016,32:1535-1542)。由于禁带宽度较大(约3.1eV),导致CeO2在可见光照射下,光电子和空穴产率较低。为了提高可见光吸收强度,研究者常采用掺杂形成掺杂能级,降低CeO2禁带宽度(Chang J L,Ma Q L,Ma J C,et al.Ceram.Int.,2016,42:11827-11837;Xu B,Zhang Q,Yuan S,et al.Catal.Today,2017,281:135-143)。吸附能力是衡量催化剂的重要指标,为了提高CeO2的吸附容量,研究者常采用加入碳材料的方式,提高CeO2的光催化性能(Wang C,Ao Y,Wang P,et al.J.Hazard.Mater.,2010,184:1-5;Verma R,Samdarshi S K,J.Phys.Chem.C,2016,120:22281-22290)。
在现有中国专利文献中,公开氧化铈掺杂及碳功能化的相关专利如下:
CN106430315A“四氧化三锰/氧化铈复合纳米管、纳米管自组装膜及其制备方法和应用”中,公开了一种利用水热合成技术和氧化还原沉淀原理,制备四氧化三锰/氧化铈复合纳米管的方法。
CN104759287A“一种铁掺杂的二氧化铈光催化剂及其制备方法”中,公开了一种以硝酸铈、硝酸铁、碳酸钠为起始原料,采用共沉淀法,制备片状FexCe1-xO2-0.5x的方法。
CN106206068A“一种碳纳米管复合纳米二氧化铈电极材料的制备方法”中,公开了一种以Ce(NO3)3·6H2O,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,改性碳纳米管为原料,利用水热法,制备碳纳米管复合纳米二氧化铈电极材料的方法。
CN105854865A“一种三维多孔结构石墨烯-二氧化铈复合物光催化剂”中,公开了一种以氧化石墨烯和三氯化铈为原料,通过水热反应制备三维多孔结构石墨烯-二氧化铈复合物光催化剂的方法。
据以上文献可知,目前,主要利用过渡金属与其它离子对CeO2进行掺杂,掺杂效果(如禁带结构匹配、高效分离光生电子与空穴)有待提高;使用的碳材料一般为商用品,在催化剂制备过程中,它们与CeO2结合力较弱,易导致CeO2与碳材料界面间光电子传导受阻,降低光电子与空穴分离效率。针对以上问题,本发明专利通过空气中的氧气部分氧化Ce3+,制备Ce3+掺杂的CeO2材料,利用自掺杂改善CeO2禁带结构,提高其对可见光的吸收。由于CeO2前躯体Ce(OH)3/Ce(OH)4中含有大量羟基与铵根,可对相关阴阳离子进行吸附,利用吸附染料为碳源,通过高温转化为碳,对CeO2进行功能化。上述碳功能化过程不仅可使染料分子变废为宝(转化为碳),而且还可使碳与CeO2中的氧形成共价键,提高碳与催化剂基体的结合力。此外,利用炭氧键可使光生电子有效通过碳与CeO2界面,到达催化剂表面,与相关物质(如O2、H2O2)形成活性物种(如·HO2、·HO等),从而彻底催化降解染料。
截止目前,还未有专利及相关文献报道利用Ce(OH)3/Ce(OH)4对相关阴阳离子染料进行吸附,利用吸附染料为碳源,对CeO2进行功能化提高其光催化降解染料效率。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种对有机物(以酸性橙7为探针分子)具有高效光催化降解效率的碳功能化氧化铈的制备方法。
为了解决该技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种碳功能化氧化铈的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)在30-60℃水浴中,通过磁力搅拌方式使3-6g的Ce(NO3)3·6H2O完全溶解在80-120mL的去离子水中,快速滴加质量百分比浓度为28%的氨水,使混合溶液pH值为9-11,再用保鲜膜迅速密封反应容器,继续搅拌5-15min,混合液陈化20-30h;
2)陈化混合液经过滤后,置于50-80℃的烘箱中烘6-12h;
3)将烘干后的样品置于研钵中研磨,取其中的0.05-0.5g样品对0.05-0.6mmol/L的阴、阳离子染料进行吸附,吸附时间为10-40min,获得不同染料含量的铈基混合物;
4)将铈基混合物过滤、水洗、醇洗、烘干,获得碳功能化氧化铈前躯体;
5)将前躯体置于管式炉内,在氮气保护下,以2-5℃/min升温速率升温至500-800℃,并恒温2-5h,再自然冷却至室温,获得碳功能化氧化铈材料。
在上述制备过程中,当Ce(NO3)3·6H2O完全溶解后,氨水滴加要快速,且加完后要迅速用保鲜膜密封反应容器,防止空气中氧气过渡氧化Ce3+为Ce4+,以期获得Ce3+与Ce4+共存的氢氧化物。
在上述制备过程中,加入氨水的目的除提供氢氧根与溶液中的Ce3+/Ce4+结合为Ce(OH)3/Ce(OH)4外,还会产生铵根离子,并使其包杂于Ce(OH)3/Ce(OH)4中。
在上述制备过程中,为了获得铵根包杂于Ce(OH)3/Ce(OH)4的产物,陈化液过滤后,不用洗涤,直接烘干产物。
在上述制备过程中,是利用样品中所含的羟基和铵根,与阴、阳离子染料中的相关基团通过静电引力结合,从而达到吸附染料目的。
在上述制备过程中,是利用吸附的阴、阳离子染料为碳源,经高温转化为碳功能化氧化铈材料。
在上述制备过程中,碳化是在以2-5℃/min升温速率升温至500-800℃,并恒温2-5h的条件下进行的。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下突出特征及效果:在本发明中,利用Ce3+与氨水及空气中的氧气反应,生成Ce(OH)3/Ce(OH)4,并在反应过程中包杂铵根离子;由于形成产物中含羟基与铵根,与相应阴阳离子染料通过静电引力结合,因而可对相关染料进行有效吸附;由于染料中含有碳,因而可作为碳源,对催化剂进行碳功能化;利用碳的强吸附作用,对染料进行吸附,提高光催化效率。在本发明中,加入氨水要迅速,且加完后要用保鲜膜密封反应容器,防止氧气过渡氧化Ce3+;在氮气保护下高温分解Ce(OH)3/Ce(OH)4,同时使染料碳化为碳,对Ce2O3/CeO2进行碳功能化。在本发明中,利用吸附染料为碳源,可提高碳与基体的结合力,提高重复使用性能,同时碳与氧可形成共价键,作为电子通道,可高效分离光电子与空穴,提高光催化效率,与现有相关技术比较,该法设计巧妙,易行,对染料具有高效去除作用。从XRD(附图1)可知,所合成产物在晶面(111)、(220)及(311)等处出现氧化铈的特征峰,证明合成产物为氧化铈。碳功能化后,样品对紫外-可见光的吸收强度高于纯样品的(详见附图2)。通过XPS图(附图3)可知,碳功能化样品中含有一定量的Ce3+,证明样品中存在Ce2O3,由于其禁带宽度(2.4eV)小于CeO2的,所以掺杂后,样品的可见光吸收强度增加。由于掺杂后可见光吸收效率提高,且碳功能化后染料吸附效率提高,所以合成样品对相关染料(酸性橙7)具有更好的光催化降解效率(详见附图4)。
综上所述,本发明所制备的碳功能化氧化铈具有染料吸附量高、光吸收(特别是可见光吸收)强度较大、利用紫外-可见光能高效降解酸性橙7的优点,所以在光催化降解有机污染物方面具有潜在应用价值。
附图说明
图1 CeO2与C-CeO2的XRD图;
图2 CeO2与C-CeO2的紫外-可见光吸收图;
图3 C-CeO2的XPS图;
图4可见光照射下,CeO2与C-CeO2酸性橙7的催化降解效率图(酸性橙7浓度为0.4mM,染料溶液体积为50mL,催化剂质量为50mg,pH值为6)。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明的制备方法作进一步说明,但本发明并不限于以下实施例。
实施例1
在30℃水浴中,通过磁力搅拌方式使3g的Ce(NO3)3·6H2O完全溶解在80mL的去离子水中,快速滴加质量百分比浓度为28%的氨水,使混合溶液pH值为9,再用保鲜膜迅速密封反应容器,继续搅拌5min,混合液陈化20h;陈化混合液经过滤后,置于50℃的烘箱中烘6h;将烘干后的样品置于研钵中研磨,取其中的0.05g样品对0.05mmol/L的阴、阳离子染料进行吸附,吸附时间为10min,获得不同染料含量的铈基混合物;将铈基混合物过滤、水洗、醇洗、烘干,获得碳功能化氧化铈前躯体;将前躯体置于管式炉内,在氮气保护下,以2℃/min升温速率升温至500℃,并恒温2h,再自然冷却至室温,获得碳功能化氧化铈材料。
实施例2
在30℃水浴中,通过磁力搅拌方式使4g的Ce(NO3)3·6H2O完全溶解在100mL的去离子水中,快速滴加质量百分比浓度为28%的氨水,使混合溶液pH值为10,再用保鲜膜迅速密封反应容器,继续搅拌10min,混合液陈化25h;陈化混合液经过滤后,置于65℃的烘箱中烘9h;将烘干后的样品置于研钵中研磨,取其中的0.3g样品对0.3mmol/L的阴、阳离子染料进行吸附,吸附时间为25min,获得不同染料含量的铈基混合物;将铈基混合物过滤、水洗、醇洗、烘干,获得碳功能化氧化铈前躯体;将前躯体置于管式炉内,在氮气保护下,以4℃/min升温速率升温至600℃,并恒温4h,再自然冷却至室温,获得碳功能化氧化铈材料。
实施例3
在30℃水浴中,通过磁力搅拌方式使6g的Ce(NO3)3·6H2O完全溶解在120mL的去离子水中,快速滴加质量百分比浓度为28%的氨水,使混合溶液pH值为11,再用保鲜膜迅速密封反应容器,继续搅拌15min,混合液陈化30h;陈化混合液经过滤后,置于80℃的烘箱中烘12h;将烘干后的样品置于研钵中研磨,取其中的0.5g样品对0.6mmol/L的阴、阳离子染料进行吸附,吸附时间为40min,获得不同染料含量的铈基混合物;将铈基混合物过滤、水洗、醇洗、烘干,获得碳功能化氧化铈前躯体;将前躯体置于管式炉内,在氮气保护下,以5℃/min升温速率升温至800℃,并恒温5h,再自然冷却至室温,获得碳功能化氧化铈材料。
实施例4
在45℃水浴中,通过磁力搅拌方式使3g的Ce(NO3)3·6H2O完全溶解在80mL的去离子水中,快速滴加质量百分比浓度为28%的氨水,使混合溶液pH值为9,再用保鲜膜迅速密封反应容器,继续搅拌5min,混合液陈化20h;陈化混合液经过滤后,置于50℃的烘箱中烘6h;将烘干后的样品置于研钵中研磨,取其中的0.05g样品对0.05mmol/L的阴、阳离子染料进行吸附,吸附时间为10min,获得不同染料含量的铈基混合物;将铈基混合物过滤、水洗、醇洗、烘干,获得碳功能化氧化铈前躯体;将前躯体置于管式炉内,在氮气保护下,以2℃/min升温速率升温至500℃,并恒温2h,再自然冷却至室温,获得碳功能化氧化铈材料。
实施例5
在45℃水浴中,通过磁力搅拌方式使4g的Ce(NO3)3·6H2O完全溶解在100mL的去离子水中,快速滴加质量百分比浓度为28%的氨水,使混合溶液pH值为10,再用保鲜膜迅速密封反应容器,继续搅拌10min,混合液陈化25h;陈化混合液经过滤后,置于65℃的烘箱中烘9h;将烘干后的样品置于研钵中研磨,取其中的0.3g样品对0.3mmol/L的阴、阳离子染料进行吸附,吸附时间为25min,获得不同染料含量的铈基混合物;将铈基混合物过滤、水洗、醇洗、烘干,获得碳功能化氧化铈前躯体;将前躯体置于管式炉内,在氮气保护下,以4℃/min升温速率升温至600℃,并恒温4h,再自然冷却至室温,获得碳功能化氧化铈材料。
实施例6
在45℃水浴中,通过磁力搅拌方式使6g的Ce(NO3)3·6H2O完全溶解在120mL的去离子水中,快速滴加质量百分比浓度为28%的氨水,使混合溶液pH值为11,再用保鲜膜迅速密封反应容器,继续搅拌15min,混合液陈化30h;陈化混合液经过滤后,置于80℃的烘箱中烘12h;将烘干后的样品置于研钵中研磨,取其中的0.5g样品对0.6mmol/L的阴、阳离子染料进行吸附,吸附时间为40min,获得不同染料含量的铈基混合物;将铈基混合物过滤、水洗、醇洗、烘干,获得碳功能化氧化铈前躯体;将前躯体置于管式炉内,在氮气保护下,以5℃/min升温速率升温至800℃,并恒温5h,再自然冷却至室温,获得碳功能化氧化铈材料。
实施例7
在60℃水浴中,通过磁力搅拌方式使3g的Ce(NO3)3·6H2O完全溶解在80mL的去离子水中,快速滴加质量百分比浓度为28%的氨水,使混合溶液pH值为9,再用保鲜膜迅速密封反应容器,继续搅拌5min,混合液陈化20h;陈化混合液经过滤后,置于50℃的烘箱中烘6h;将烘干后的样品置于研钵中研磨,取其中的0.05g样品对0.05mmol/L的阴、阳离子染料进行吸附,吸附时间为10min,获得不同染料含量的铈基混合物;将铈基混合物过滤、水洗、醇洗、烘干,获得碳功能化氧化铈前躯体;将前躯体置于管式炉内,在氮气保护下,以2℃/min升温速率升温至500℃,并恒温2h,再自然冷却至室温,获得碳功能化氧化铈材料。
实施例8
在60℃水浴中,通过磁力搅拌方式使4g的Ce(NO3)3·6H2O完全溶解在100mL的去离子水中,快速滴加质量百分比浓度为28%的氨水,使混合溶液pH值为10,再用保鲜膜迅速密封反应容器,继续搅拌10min,混合液陈化25h;陈化混合液经过滤后,置于65℃的烘箱中烘9h;将烘干后的样品置于研钵中研磨,取其中的0.3g样品对0.3mmol/L的阴、阳离子染料进行吸附,吸附时间为25min,获得不同染料含量的铈基混合物;将铈基混合物过滤、水洗、醇洗、烘干,获得碳功能化氧化铈前躯体;将前躯体置于管式炉内,在氮气保护下,以4℃/min升温速率升温至600℃,并恒温4h,再自然冷却至室温,获得碳功能化氧化铈材料。
实施例9
在60℃水浴中,通过磁力搅拌方式使6g的Ce(NO3)3·6H2O完全溶解在120mL的去离子水中,快速滴加质量百分比浓度为28%的氨水,使混合溶液pH值为11,再用保鲜膜迅速密封反应容器,继续搅拌15min,混合液陈化30h;陈化混合液经过滤后,置于80℃的烘箱中烘12h;将烘干后的样品置于研钵中研磨,取其中的0.5g样品对0.6mmol/L的阴、阳离子染料进行吸附,吸附时间为40min,获得不同染料含量的铈基混合物;将铈基混合物过滤、水洗、醇洗、烘干,获得碳功能化氧化铈前躯体;将前躯体置于管式炉内,在氮气保护下,以5℃/min升温速率升温至800℃,并恒温5h,再自然冷却至室温,获得碳功能化氧化铈材料。
Claims (6)
1.一种碳功能化氧化铈的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
1)在30-60℃水浴中,通过磁力搅拌方式使3-6g的Ce(NO3)3·6H2O完全溶解在80-120mL的去离子水中,快速滴加质量百分比浓度为28%的氨水,使混合溶液pH值为9-11,再用保鲜膜迅速密封反应容器,继续搅拌5-15min,混合液陈化20-30h;
2)陈化混合液经过滤后,置于50-80℃的烘箱中烘6-12h;
3)将烘干后的样品置于研钵中研磨,取其中的0.05-0.5g样品对0.05-0.6mmol/L的阴、阳离子染料进行吸附,吸附时间为10-40min,获得不同染料含量的铈基混合物;
4)将铈基混合物过滤、水洗、醇洗、烘干,获得碳功能化氧化铈前躯体;
5)将前躯体置于管式炉内,在氮气保护下,以2-5℃/min升温速率升温至500-800℃,并恒温2-5h,再自然冷却至室温,获得碳功能化氧化铈材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:在上述制备过程中,当Ce(NO3)3·6H2O完全溶解后,氨水要快速滴加,且加完后要迅速用保鲜膜密封反应容器,防止空气中氧气过渡氧化Ce3+为Ce4+。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:在上述制备过程中,加入氨水的目的是提供氢氧根与铵根,使溶液中Ce3+/Ce4+转化为Ce(OH)3/Ce(OH)4,并包杂铵根离子。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:在上述制备过程中,陈化液过滤后,不用洗涤,直接可得包杂铵根离子的Ce(OH)3/Ce(OH)4。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:在上述制备过程中,使用的染料为阴、阳离子染料,因为氧化铈前躯体中所含的羟基和铵根,可与阴、阳离子染料中的相关基团通过静电引力结合,从而达到吸附染料目的。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:在上述制备过程中,是利用吸附的阴、阳离子染料为碳源,经高温转化为碳功能化氧化铈材料。
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