CN107335011B - 治疗癌性疼痛的外用中药复方制剂 - Google Patents
治疗癌性疼痛的外用中药复方制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107335011B CN107335011B CN201710573379.9A CN201710573379A CN107335011B CN 107335011 B CN107335011 B CN 107335011B CN 201710573379 A CN201710573379 A CN 201710573379A CN 107335011 B CN107335011 B CN 107335011B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗癌性疼痛的外用中药复方制剂,其特征在于由以下原料药制备而成,其包括制南星、山慈菇、姜黄、元胡索、制马钱子、土元、山奈、山豆根、苦参、九香虫、生川乌、生草乌、血竭、冰片、丁香、三七、乳香、沉香,本发明由于采用上述制剂,使患者直接作用于病灶部位,具有吸收迅速,疗效显著、操作简便,无毒副作用等优点,在辅助减轻癌痛方面有显著疗效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药,具体地说是一种治疗癌性疼痛的外用中药复方制剂。
背景技术
近年来,恶性肿瘤的发病率呈现上升趋势,它起病隐匿,很多人发现便是晚期,少部分人仍然行手术治疗,但仍然出现复发转移。我国中晚期癌症患者中50%~61%的病人都伴有不同程度的疼痛,在癌痛的患者中50%为中至重度疼痛,30%为难以忍受的重度疼痛。虽然癌痛作为第五大生命体征,已引起全世界医学界的高度重视,目前癌痛治疗有外科手术治疗、微创治疗、药物治疗和心理治疗,由于药物治疗是临床中最常用的方式,故被称为“疼痛治疗的主流”。虽然目前有标准癌症三阶梯止痛方案,但是还有一部分患者癌症控制不理想。另外止痛药物带来的毒副反应如非阿片类药物造成的消化道反应、肝肾功能异常、头晕等;阿片类药物引起的便秘、恶心呕吐、嗜睡、呼吸抑制等也困扰着患者及癌痛伴随的抑郁状态,机体功能的影响等,都使患者生活质量下降。生活质量对于中晚期肿瘤病人至关重要,能让病人有尊严有质量的带瘤生活,是中晚期肿瘤的治疗目标。
中医认为癌为有形之邪,滞气碍血,或癌毒侵犯经络,耗伤正气,皆可导致疼痛。疼痛的产生,由于气机被干扰,导致脏腑经络气血阻滞不通,传导受阻,因此“不通则痛”,是疼痛的根本原因,是各种疼痛的病理变化基础。所有致病因素,都是通过引起机体发生“不通”的病理变化,而导致疼痛出现的,疼痛是气血运行障碍的表现。《医宗必读》:“积之成也,正气不足而邪气跟之。”《难经本义》:“积蓄也,言血脉不通,积蓄而成病也。”综合现代中医家的观点,癌性疼痛的病机主要有癌毒内郁、正气亏虚、痰疲互结、经络壅塞等,这些病机相互影响,就如癌毒与痰疲相互搏结,停积于脏腑、经络,以致脏腑阴阳气血虚损,正气亏虚,气血不通,“不荣则痛”。又或正气亏虚,易受六淫邪毒,以致气滞血癖、痰疲互结、癌毒内郁,则气血运行不畅,“不通则痛”。中医药在改善临床症状,提高病人生活质量方面有着确切疗效。中医外治法是中医特色治疗,疗效独特、作用迅速、历史悠久,具有简、便、廉、验之特点。与内治法相比,具有"殊途同归,异曲同工"之妙,对"不肯服药之人,不能服药之症",尤其对危重病症,更能显示出其治疗之独特。中药外敷就是中医外治法的一种,在许多方面可以补充内治法的不足。它通过皮肤给药而起全身治疗作用,无肝脏的“首过效应”,不受胃肠道消化酶的破坏,有维持较长作用时间,降低药物毒副作用和不良反应,维持稳定而持久的血药浓度从而提高疗效的优点。外用药物安全有效,对肝、肾无毒副作用,对肠、胃无刺激,适宜肿瘤患者长期用药,特别是恶心、呕吐、食入即吐的患者。另外也利用经络疗法,经络内属脏腑,外络肢节,沟通表里,运行气血,达到通则不痛,荣则不痛。
发明内容
本发明是根据上述理论基础,经过30多年的临床实践和摸索,总结出一种以活血化瘀,清热解毒,化痰散结,治疗癌性疼痛的外用中药复方制剂。
一种治疗癌性疼痛的外用中药复方制剂,其特征在于由以下重量配比的原料药制备而成:组方:制南星、山慈菇、姜黄、元胡索、制马钱子、土元、山奈、山豆根、苦参、九香虫、生川乌、生草乌、血竭、冰片、丁香、三七、乳香、沉香,比例依次为:2-5: 2-5: 2-5: 2-5: 2-5: 2-5: 2-5: 2-5: 2-5: 1-3: 1-3: 1-3: 0.5-1.5: 0.5-1.5: 0.5-1.5: 0.5-1.5:0.5-1.5: 0.5-1.5。
本发明的原料药优选由以下重量配比制备而成:制南星、山慈菇、姜黄、元 胡索、制马钱子、土元、山奈、山豆根、苦参、九香虫、生川乌、生草乌、血竭、冰片、丁香、三七、 乳香、沉香,比例依次为:3:3:3:3:3:3:3:3:3:2:2:2:1:1:1:1:1:1。
本发明的制作方法:按照中草药常规制备工艺,将上述原料药按配比取药混合均匀,超微研末过120目筛,配制成细粉;纳入容器内并加入蜂蜜适量、醋适量,加热至50度,搅拌均匀调成膏剂。
使用方法:外用,贴于脐上或患处,日一次,10小时后取下。
本发明禁忌:孕妇禁用,有皮肤疾病患者禁忌,过敏体质者慎用。
本发明由于采用上述制剂,使患者直接作用于病灶部位,具有吸收迅速,疗效显著、操作简便,无毒副作用等优点,在辅助减轻癌痛方面有显著疗效。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行说明。
一种治疗癌性疼痛的外用中药复方制剂,其特征在于由以下重量配比的原料药制备而成:组方:制南星、山慈菇、姜黄、元胡索、制马钱子、土元、山奈、山豆根、苦参、九香虫、生川乌、生草乌、血竭、冰片、丁香、三七、乳香、沉香,比例依次为:2-5: 2-5: 2-5: 2-5: 2-5: 2-5: 2-5: 2-5: 2-5: 1-3: 1-3: 1-3: 0.5-1.5: 0.5-1.5: 0.5-1.5: 0.5-1.5:0.5-1.5: 0.5-1.5。
本发明的原料药优选由以下重量配比制备而成:制南星、山慈菇、姜黄、元胡索、制马钱子、土元、山奈、山豆根、苦参、九香虫、生川乌、生草乌、血竭、冰片、丁香、三七、乳香、沉香,比例依次为:3:3:3:3:3:3:3:3:3:2:2:2:1:1:1:1:1:1。
本发明的制作方法:按照中草药常规制备工艺,将上述原料药按配比取药混合均匀,超微研末过120目筛,配制成细粉;纳入容器内并加入蜂蜜适量、醋适量,加热至50度,搅拌均匀调成膏剂。
使用方法:外用,贴于脐上或患处,日一次,10小时后取下。
本发明禁忌:孕妇禁用,有皮肤疾病患者禁忌,过敏体质者慎用。
本发明由于采用上述制剂,使患者直接作用于病灶部位,具有吸收迅速,疗效显著、操作简便,无毒副作用等优点,在辅助减轻癌痛方面有显著疗效。
治疗恶性肿瘤的临床疗效总结:
一、一般资料
临床观察176例晚期恶性肿瘤伴有癌痛患者,其中胃癌伴肝转移的50例,肝癌晚期20 例,肺癌骨转移的31例,大肠癌腹腔转移的40例,非霍奇金淋巴瘤淋巴结肿大12例,胰腺癌3 例,卵巢癌腹腔转移的20例。
二、纳入标准
1、有确切的病理诊断,晚期肿瘤患者。
2、伴有癌性疼痛的患者,中重度疼痛4≤NRS≤8。
3、年龄≥18岁的住院患者。
三、排除标准:
1、Karnofsky(KPS)体力状态评分﹤20分者;
2、严重心、肾、造血系统疾病和精神病者;
3、哺乳期及妊娠或计划妊娠的妇女;
4、近1个月内参加其他临床试验者;
5、过敏体质,有药物过敏史,已知对药物成分或其他辅料过敏者;
四、分组及给药
处理编码的产生:采用分层区组随机的方法,借助 DAS 统计软件,给定种子数,产生受 试者所接受处理-试验药和对照药的随机安排(即随机编码表)。
入组恶性肿瘤患者176例,随机分为试验组(n=88)和对照组(n=88),试验组给予中药复方制剂止痛贴(烟台市中医医院制备)。对照组给予安慰剂(烟台市中医医院制备,外包装、气味等应尽可能与原制剂相同),同时进行吗啡滴定。
贴剂外用方法:以温水清洁局部皮肤,贴敷疼痛部位,每日每个部位 1贴,每日贴敷10小时。疗程为7d。
合并用药规定:试验期间除方案中规定的药物外,不能合并使用任何止痛中药制剂和止痛西药。中重度疼痛吗啡滴定:未用阿片类的患者,需口服 10 mg 盐酸吗啡片;使用阿片类计算前 24 h 所需口服总量,给予总量的 20%作为口服即释吗啡的起始剂量(使用接近 5 mg 倍数的量);60 min 后再评估,NRS 降至 0~3 分计算 24 h 口服即释吗啡的总剂量,24 h 后改用口服奥施康定。NRS 降至 0~3 分者,出现爆发痛,按需给予当前有效剂量;NRS 仍≥4 分原有剂量基础上增加口服吗啡剂量的 50%,每隔 1 h 进行评估;出现爆发痛,给予 24 h 口服剂量的 20%作为口服盐酸吗啡的剂量或肌注、静脉注射盐酸吗啡的等效剂量。如果4 个剂量周期后疗效不佳者视为临床无效病例(停止本次临床试验,进入临床治疗)。
五、观察指标及方法
1、 主要疗效指标
根据 0~10 数字疼痛分级法(NRS)制订,每日对安静和运动状态的疼痛进行评分。
2、次要疗效指标
(1)主诉疼痛程度的评价
(2)药物止痛起效时间的评价
(3)有痛时间(24h 内疼痛的累积时间)的评价
(4)睡眠时间(24h 内睡眠累积的时间)的评价四、疗效评定标准:
(5)爆发痛次数的评价
(6)镇痛效果满意度的评价
(7)治疗满意度(综合镇痛效果和不良反应的满意度)的评价
(8)疼痛影响的评估(采用 NCCN 成人癌痛指南疼痛影响评估量表)
(9)证候疗效判定标准(参照中国医药科技出版社《中药新药临床研究指导原则》)
临床痊愈:临床症状、体征消失或基本消失,证候积分减少≥95%;
显效:临床症状、体征明显改善,证候积分减少≥70%;
有效:临床症状、体征均有好转,证候积分减少≥30%;
无效:临床症状、体征无明显改善,甚或加重,证候积分减少不足 30%。
3、 安全性指标:
包括不良事件、生命体征、实验室指标(血、尿常规,肝、肾功能,心电图)。
4 、疗效评定标准 计算试验组、对照组各项指标治疗前后的数值变化;
中医证候疗效标准参照中国医药科技出版社《中药新药临床研究指导原则》。
临床痊愈:临床症状、体征消失或基本消失,证候积分减少≥95%;
显效:临床症状、体征明显改善,证候积分减少≥70%;
有效:临床症状、体征均有好转,证候积分减少≥30%;
无效:临床症状、体征无明显好转,甚或加重,证候积分减少不足 30%。
注:计算公式(尼莫地平法)为:综合疗效指数=[(治疗前积分-治疗后积分)/治疗前积分]*100%;总有效率=(临床痊愈+显效+有效)/总例数×100%。
5 、统计学方法
统计检验计量资料:采用配对 t 检验、单因素方差分析、协方差分析等方法。计数资 料:采用χ2 检验;等级资料:采用秩和检验。 统计分析的显著性水平采用双侧检验,P值小 于或等于0.05 将被认为差别有统计意义。
六、治疗结果
试验组和对照组NRS评分(安静,运动状态)、主诉疼痛程度、有痛时间、睡眠时间、疼痛 影响评估积分、药物止痛起效时间、爆发痛次数、中医证候有效率组间比较差异有统计学意 义(P<0.05)。其中试验组、对照组镇痛满意率分别为 94.44%、53.43%,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);治疗满意率分别为90.41%、31.35%,差异有显著意义(P<0.05);中医证候疗效,试验 组总有效率为43.67%,对照组总有效率为24.11,与对照组比较差异均有显著意义(P< 0.05);瘤灶大小稳定率试验组为75.4%,对照组为35.3%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
在安全性方面,疗程结束后,复查生命体征、实验室指标(血、尿常规,肝肾功,心电图)未发现与本药有相关改变,未见与中药外用复方制剂有关不良反应,未见中药对皮肤刺激的报告,临床用药安全。无严重不良事件。
七、典型病例
1、患者唐莫某,男,61岁,家住烟台市芝罘区人,“非霍奇金淋巴瘤化疗后2年,复发2月 就诊,来烟台市中医院医院诊断:非霍奇金淋巴瘤 化疗后 复发。就诊时患者双锁骨上窝均 可触及融合成团淋巴结,固定,质硬,局部疼痛伴有压痛,颈部活动时加重。治疗上予复方制 剂外敷双锁骨上窝淋巴结处,敷药三天后淋巴结疼痛逐渐消失,坚持外敷药物,定期复查淋 巴结B超,2月后肿大淋巴结缩小,颈部无明显不适感,随访半年病情稳定,卡式评分90分。
2、患者王文某,男,80岁,烟台市开发区人,因“发现胰腺癌半月,伴腹部疼痛十余天”就诊,刻下症见:消瘦、恶液质、上腹疼痛拒按,疼痛评分4分,查体中上腹可触及4*5cm左右包块,质硬,固定,压痛。治疗上予复方制剂外敷上腹部,6小时后疼痛评分降至2分,继续敷药,第三天疼痛完全消失,上腹包块处较前变软。此后随诊3个月患者坚持外敷药物在未出现疼痛,局部包块大小稳定。患者生活质量良好,卡式评分70分。
3、患者任某某,女,46岁,烟台市区人,因“确诊卵巢癌2年,腹腔转移半年”就诊,刻下症见:患者消瘦、恶液质、腹胀、腹痛拒按,查体中下腹可及多发包块,大者5*6cm,质硬,固定,压痛,肠鸣音减弱,疼痛评分5分。治疗予复方制剂外敷中下腹,服药6小时后疼痛评分降至3分,服药2天后腹部包块变软,疼痛评分为1分,继续治疗1周后疼痛消失,腹胀消失,配合有效抗肿瘤治疗,目前患者盆腔包块缩小至2cm,查体:腹软,未触及肿块,再未腹胀腹痛。生活质量良好,卡式评分90分。
4、患者李某,女,63岁,烟台芝罘区人,因“晚期肺癌半年,多发骨转移3月”就诊,刻下症见:消瘦,乏力,烦躁,腰背部疼痛,疼痛评分6分,自服奥施康定止痛,纳少,眠差,小便可,大便干,多日一行。治疗上予复方制剂外敷胸腰椎处,6小时后疼痛评分降至3分,坚持每日敷药后疼痛逐渐减轻,奥施康定用量减半,疼痛评分在2-3分,纳食改善,大便通畅。生活质量明显改善。
本发明中的中药方解为:
生川乌、生草乌:祛风散寒,温经止痛。现代药理研究均含有的乌头碱有明显的镇痛作 用。小鼠注射乌头注射液(含川乌、草乌)5mg/kg,20分钟痛阈可提高2.4倍,60分钟痛阈可提 高3倍,与度冷丁的镇痛效果,无显著差异。且乌头注射液(含川乌、草乌)能抑制体外胃癌细 胞的有丝分裂,使癌细胞核分裂停止在分裂中期,而不进入后期和末期。
制南星:燥湿化痰,消肿散结,现代药理研究发现,镇静、镇痛、解痉作用,有研究运用小鼠热板法表明有明显的镇痛作用。鲜天南星水提物体外对Hela细胞有抑制作用,对小鼠肉瘤S180、HCA实体瘤、宫颈癌U14等实验性肿瘤均有一定抑制作用。山慈菇:清热解毒,消痈散结,现代药理研究发现其含有秋水仙碱的衍生物秋水仙酰胺,其抗癌活性更强,故广泛用治疗多种癌症。且秋水仙碱有镇静、镇痛作用。两药相配,协同增加散结止痛之功,并有抑制肿块的作用。
姜黄:行气破瘀,通经止痛,用于气滞血瘀所致的心、胸、胁、腹诸痛。现代药理研究用鼠Dalton氏淋巴腹水瘤细胞进行组织培养及在体实验,姜黄醇提物能抑制癌细胞生长。在0.4mg/ml时能抑制中国仓鼠卵巢细胞生长,并对淋巴细胞和Dalton氏淋巴细胞具有细胞毒性作用,并能减少动物肿瘤的生长,其活性成分主要是姜黄素。且姜黄煎剂有镇痛作用。
元胡:性温,味辛、苦,辛散温通,活血散瘀、行气止痛。可用于血瘀疼痛,止痛作用最强,且应用部位十分广泛。制马钱子:性寒,味苦,通络散结,消肿止痛。临床常与川乌、乳香、没药等药物配合,止痛力量强。现代药理研究马钱子也有抗炎作用,适用于非特异性炎性疼痛。元胡与制马钱子合用寒温相互制约,且活血化瘀,通络止痛功能更强。
血竭:活血定痛,化瘀止血。专除血痛,散瘀生新,为活血之圣药。
土元:破瘀血,散瘀止痛。其性善走窜,能活血消肿止痛,尤多用于瘀血肿痛。九香虫:行气止痛;温肾壮阳。本品气香走窜、温通利膈而行气止痛之功强。两者皆为虫类药物,《大同药物学》:“虫类善攻死血,此又云去淤血者,盖血之瘀者乃去,血之死者难去,他血药仅去淤血不能去死血,虫则既去死血又去淤血也”。
山奈:行气温中,止痛。KosugeT等报道以山柰根茎中分得的反式-对甲氧基桂皮酸酯是一种细胞毒素成分,对人宫颈癌传代细胞(Helacells)具有较强的抑制作用,表明有抗肿瘤作用。
山豆根:清火,解毒,消肿,止痛。现代药理研究示山豆根含之苦参碱对小鼠肉瘤S180、宫颈癌Ul4均有明显的抑制作用。氧化苦参碱的化疗系数比丝裂霉素更强。紫檀素、槐果碱对Sl80也有抑制作用。
苦参:清热燥湿,散结止痛。现代药理研究示其含苦参碱在体内外对小鼠艾氏腹水癌及肉瘤-180有抑制作用。
三七:止血化瘀、消肿止痛。现代药理:三七中的人参皂苷Rh1对肝癌细胞有抑制作用。含人参二醇皂苷,有确切的镇痛作用。
乳香有活血止痛、消肿生肌之功,用于瘀血阻滞诸痛之证。
丁香:温经止痛。其含丁香挥发油、丁香油酚的促渗作用,可以促进药物透皮吸收。沉香:降气温中、行气止痛。冰片又名龙脑,芳香开窍,止痛消炎,能引药直达腠理,本身可作为透皮药物,又是很好透皮吸收促进剂。《本草衍义》称龙脑为“非常服之药,独行则势弱,佐使则有功”,另外多项实验表明冰片可促进药物透过皮肤,3%冰片促透作用最显著。丁香、沉香、冰片之类芳香性中药具有开腠理,辛香走窜、开经络,透肌骨之功,它们在发挥本身治疗作用的同时,可以作为佐使药,促进其他药物透皮吸收作用,最终发挥协同作用。
中医认为:痛则不通、通则不痛,疼痛是由于瘀血、气滞、痰结及瘀毒、肿块阻塞经络引起,气滞、血凝、痰凝、邪毒等为病理产物。本制剂有上述诸药组成,组方严谨,众药联合,行气止痛、活血化瘀止痛、温经散寒、通经止痛类中药为主,酌加解毒散结中药,并辅以芳香开窍、辛温走窜的引经药制成。组方全面,止痛作用显著,且有一定的抑瘤作用。
有益效果:本发明中诸药联合,配伍合理,药效增强,外用透皮吸收,安全有效,中晚期肿瘤病人均能使用,有效缓解癌痛,能减少爆发痛次数,稳定瘤灶,提高生活质量,疗效确切,使用安全,值得在临床中推广。
Claims (2)
1.一种治疗癌性疼痛的外用中药复方制剂,其特征在于由以下重量配比的原料药制备而成:制南星、山慈菇、姜黄、元胡索、制马钱子、土元、山奈、山豆根、苦参、九香虫、生川乌、生草乌、血竭、冰片、丁香、三七、乳香、沉香,比例依次为:2-5: 2-5: 2-5: 2-5: 2-5: 2-5:2-5: 2-5: 2-5: 1-3: 1-3: 1-3: 0.5-1.5: 0.5-1.5: 0.5-1.5: 0.5-1.5: 0.5-1.5:0.5-1.5。
2.一种治疗癌性疼痛的外用中药复方制剂,其特征在于原料药由以下重量配比制备而成:制南星、山慈菇、姜黄、元胡索、制马钱子、土元、山奈、山豆根、苦参、九香虫、生川乌、生草乌、血竭、冰片、丁香、三七、乳香、沉香,比例依次为:3:3:3:3:3:3:3:3:3:2:2:2: 1:1:1:1:1:1。
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