CN107332353B - Island microgrid distributed economic coordination method based on communication constraint and time-varying load - Google Patents

Island microgrid distributed economic coordination method based on communication constraint and time-varying load Download PDF

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CN107332353B
CN107332353B CN201710796264.6A CN201710796264A CN107332353B CN 107332353 B CN107332353 B CN 107332353B CN 201710796264 A CN201710796264 A CN 201710796264A CN 107332353 B CN107332353 B CN 107332353B
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陈刚
李志勇
韦梦立
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Chongqing University
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    • H02J13/0006—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/70—Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
    • Y02P80/14—District level solutions, i.e. local energy networks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications

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Abstract

The invention relates to an island microgrid distributed economic coordination method based on communication constraint and time-varying load, and belongs to the field of microgrid economic operation control. The method comprises the following steps: s1: event triggering and time triggering; and the active power output value of the DG unit at the time of event triggering and time triggering is used as the estimated value of the local load
Figure DDA0001400375700000011
S2: at each event triggering or time triggering moment, an initial value is given, and the economic coordination controller adopts a distributed iterative algorithm to calculate the optimal active power reference Pi *(ii) a S4: calculating the optimal active power reference value P of the economic coordination controlleri *Real-time transmitting to power controller, updating rated active power set value Pni. The invention is beneficial to reducing communication traffic and calculated amount and improving system efficiency; with a dual trigger mechanism of event triggering and time triggering, the system can quickly and accurately track and estimate the total load including transmission loss in a distributed manner without a priori knowledge of the load and loss.

Description

Island microgrid distributed economic coordination method based on communication constraint and time-varying load
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of micro-grid economic operation control, and relates to an island micro-grid distributed economic coordination method based on communication constraint and time-varying load.
Background
Due to the increasingly prominent drawbacks of traditional centralized power supply and the pressure of energy crisis and environmental protection, distributed power generation using renewable energy as a prime power is receiving more and more attention. The micro-grid integrates distributed power generation, local loads, energy storage devices and the like to form a small power system, and is an effective way for exerting the benefit of distributed power generation. The micro-grid can be operated in a grid-connected mode with a large power grid or in an isolated island mode. The micro-grid in isolated island operation generally adopts droop control, realizes the balance of supply and demand between power generation and load, and maintains the stability of frequency. However, the traditional droop control has frequency deviation, and the power quality is influenced; and the economic distribution of the output power cannot be realized, and the operation cost is high.
In order to improve the quality of electric energy and reduce the operation cost, economic coordination control on distributed generation in the micro-grid is necessary. The traditional coordination control adopts a centralized structure, has the defects of single node failure, poor expandability, large communication calculation amount and the like, and is difficult to realize the functional requirements of plug and play of distributed power generation. The distributed control carries out decision and control by exchanging local information through a sparse communication network, and can avoid the defect of centralized coordination control. Therefore, the distributed economic coordination control of the island micro-grid is established, the robustness of micro-grid control is improved, and the economic benefit and the environmental protection benefit of renewable energy are brought into play.
At present, some distributed economic coordination control schemes apply for patents, such as application number 201410369359.6, and the invention is named as a distributed economic dispatching and coordination control method of a micro-grid system; the invention has the application number of 201510075150.3, and is named as a full-distributed secondary frequency modulation method for a micro-grid of a power system; the application number is 201610563322.6, the invention name is an island microgrid frequency cooperative control method considering economic characteristics; the invention relates to an isolated microgrid distributed secondary economic control method, which is under the name of 201610159352.0.
In the existing patent or the bottom layer control, coordination is realized by adopting a master-slave structure, or frequency deviation is fed back to an economic coordination part to track and estimate time-varying load, and the schemes are not beneficial to system stability and have potential safety hazards. In addition, the existing schemes do not consider the situations of communication data packet loss and communication topology time variation in actual communication, and these communication constraints may cause that the system cannot operate stably.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide an islanding micro-grid distributed economic coordination method based on communication constraints and time-varying loads, which solves the problems of frequency recovery and economic operation of an islanding micro-grid considering the communication constraints and the time-varying loads.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an island microgrid distributed economic coordination method based on communication constraint and time-varying load comprises the following steps:
s1: event triggering: if the actual output frequency omega of the ith distributed generation DG unitiAnd the rated frequency omega of the system*If the absolute value of the deviation is larger than a certain threshold value sigma, the economic coordination controller informs the rest economic coordination controllers to perform the following actions by using the communication transceiver and the distributed sparse communication link in a broadcasting mode;
time triggering: each economic coordination controller starts timing by utilizing a timing system at the same time, and if the timing period T is reached, the timer is set to zero and restarted;
the active power output value of the DG unit at the time of the event trigger and the time trigger is used as a local load estimation value
Figure GDA0002227890100000021
S2: at each event-triggered or time-triggered moment, based on local load estimates
Figure GDA0002227890100000022
Parameter P in economic coordinating controlleri *、ΔPiAnd λiInitial values are assigned:
Figure GDA0002227890100000023
s3: based on the initial value in S2, the economic coordination controller adopts a distributed iterative algorithm to calculate the optimal active power reference Pi *The specific algorithm is as follows:
Figure GDA0002227890100000024
where k denotes the number of calculation iterations, λiAnd λjRespectively representing incremental cost estimates for the ith and jth DG units,
Figure GDA0002227890100000025
indicates that the ith DG unit can receiveSet of communication neighbors to information, aiDenotes a weighting coefficient, εiRepresenting the feedback coefficient, Δ PiAnd Δ PjRespectively representing the local supply-demand balance deviation estimated values, P, of the ith and jth DG unitsi *Represents the optimal active power reference value, P, of the ith DG unit estimatei maxAnd Pi minRepresenting the maximum and minimum active power output limits of the ith DG unit, respectively, αiAnd βiIs the coefficient of the quadratic cost function of the ith DG unit, λi maxAnd λi minRespectively representing the maximum and minimum incremental costs of the ith DG unit, the calculation of which is respectively lambdai max＝2αiPi max+βiAnd λi min＝2αiPi min+βi，biAnd bjRepresents a weighting coefficient;
wherein, in order to overcome the influence of communication data packet loss and communication topology time variation, the calculation formula of the weighting coefficient and the feedback coefficient is as follows:
Figure GDA0002227890100000031
wherein,
Figure GDA0002227890100000032
indicating the number of neighbors whose neighbor information was received by the ith DG unit at the kth communication,
Figure GDA0002227890100000033
c represents the number of neighbors transmitting information to the neighbors by the ith DG unit in the k communicationi(k) The value is in the interval (0, lambda)i min) Internal;
s4: calculating the optimal active power reference value P of the economic coordination controlleri *Real-time transmitting to power controller, updating rated active power set value Pni。
Furthermore, the DG units are provided with local controllers and communication transceivers, the communication transceivers exchange information with adjacent DG units through sparse distributed communication links, and the local controllers generate control signals of the DG units according to superior control and subordinate control;
the lower-level control comprises a power controller, a voltage controller and a current controller, and generates a control signal of the DG unit according to a reference signal generated by the upper-level control and information acquired by the voltage and current sensor;
the droop control of the power controller is as follows:
Figure GDA0002227890100000034
in the formula, ωriAnd VriRespectively representing the output frequency and the output voltage reference value, omega, generated by the ith DG unit through droop control*And V*Respectively representing the rated frequency and the rated voltage of the microgrid system,
Figure GDA0002227890100000035
and
Figure GDA0002227890100000036
respectively representing the frequency droop coefficient and the voltage droop coefficient of the ith DG unit, PiAnd QiRespectively representing the active power and reactive power output by the ith DG unit, PniAnd QniRespectively representing rated active power and rated reactive power set values of the ith DG unit;
the upper-level control comprises an economic coordination controller, and the upper-level control tracks and estimates time-varying load in real time by adopting a double-triggering mechanism of event triggering and time triggering according to self information and information of communication neighbors, performs distributed economic dispatching and generates a rated active power set value.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the microgrid control adopts a completely distributed peer-to-peer structure, a central controller is not needed, the positions of all distributed power generation units in the microgrid are the same, the reliability and the expandability of the system are improved, and the plug and play of DG units are realized;
(2) when the micro-grid realizes economic operation, the frequency is recovered to the rated value of the system without a special frequency recovery controller, thereby being beneficial to reducing communication traffic and calculated amount and improving the efficiency of the system;
(3) the provided economic coordination control scheme of the micro-grid considers the constraints of communication data packet loss and communication topology time variation, so that the reliability and robustness of the system are better, and the economic coordination control scheme is more suitable for practical application;
(4) with a dual trigger mechanism of event triggering and time triggering, the system can quickly and accurately track and estimate the total load including transmission loss in a distributed manner without a priori knowledge of the load and loss.
Drawings
In order to make the object, technical scheme and beneficial effect of the invention more clear, the invention provides the following drawings for explanation:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a distributed coordination control of a microgrid;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a distributed economic coordinated control architecture for a single DG unit;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the operation of the economic coordination controller.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The dotted lines with arrows between the communication transceivers in fig. 1 represent communication links, and as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a single DG unit is composed of a three-phase inverter, a dc power supply, an LC filter, an RL output interface, a voltage sensor, a current sensor, a power controller, a voltage controller, a current controller, and an economy coordination controller, wherein the power controller, the voltage controller, the current controller, and the economy coordination controller are implemented by a local controller of each DG unit. The direct current power supply can be obtained by converting primary energy sources such as solar energy, a fuel cell, an energy storage device, wind energy, a micro gas turbine and the like through DC/DC and AC/DC.
Each distributed generation DG unit in the island microgrid is provided with a local controller and a communication transceiver, the communication transceiver exchanges information with a neighbor DG unit through a sparse distributed communication link, and the local controller generates a control signal of the DG unit according to the action of superior control and subordinate control.
The lower control includes a power controller, a voltage controller and a current controller, which generates a control signal of the DG unit according to a reference signal generated by the upper control and information collected by the voltage current sensor. The power controller adopts droop control shown in formula (1)
Figure GDA0002227890100000041
In the formula (1), ω isriAnd VriRespectively representing the output frequency and the output voltage reference value, omega, generated by the ith DG unit through droop control*And V*Respectively representing the rated frequency and the rated voltage of the microgrid system,
Figure GDA0002227890100000042
and
Figure GDA0002227890100000043
respectively representing the frequency droop coefficient and the voltage droop coefficient of the ith DG unit, PiAnd QiRespectively representing the active power and reactive power output by the ith DG unit, PniAnd QniRespectively representing the rated active power and the rated reactive power set value of the ith DG unit.
The upper-level control comprises an economic coordination controller, and the economic coordination controller tracks and estimates time-varying load in real time by adopting a double-triggering mechanism of event triggering and time triggering according to self information and information of communication neighbors, performs distributed economic dispatching and generates a rated active power set value.
As shown in fig. 3, the event triggers: if the actual output frequency ω of the ith DG unitiAnd the rated frequency omega of the system*If the absolute value of the deviation is greater than a certain threshold value sigma, the economic coordination controller informs the rest economic coordination controllers to perform the following actions by using the communication transceiver and the distributed sparse communication link in a broadcasting mode, and triggers the DG list at the moment of triggering the eventUsing the active power output value of the element as the estimated value of the local load
Figure GDA0002227890100000051
Time triggering: each economic coordination controller starts timing by utilizing a timing system at the same time, if a timing period T is reached, the timer is set to zero and restarted, and the active power output value of a DG unit at the time of triggering the time is used as a local load estimated value
Figure GDA0002227890100000052
At each event-triggered or time-triggered moment, the local load value based on the above estimation
Figure GDA0002227890100000053
Parameter P in economic coordinating controlleri *，ΔPiAnd λiInitial values are given as formula (2):
Figure GDA0002227890100000054
based on the initial value, the economic coordination controller adopts a distributed iterative algorithm shown in formula (3) to calculate the optimal active power reference Pi *。
Figure GDA0002227890100000055
In the formula (3), k represents the number of calculation iterations, λiAnd λjRespectively representing incremental cost estimates for the ith and jth DG units,
Figure GDA0002227890100000061
set of communication neighbors representing the ith DG unit capable of receiving information, aiDenotes a weighting coefficient, εiRepresenting the feedback coefficient, Δ PiAnd Δ PjRespectively representing the local supply-demand balance deviation estimated values, P, of the ith and jth DG unitsi *Represents the ith DG unitEstimated optimal active power reference value, Pi maxAnd Pi minRepresenting the maximum and minimum active power output limits of the ith DG unit, respectively, αiAnd βiIs the coefficient of the quadratic cost function of the ith DG unit, λi maxAnd λi minRespectively representing the maximum and minimum incremental costs of the ith DG unit, the calculation of which is respectively lambdai max＝2αiPi max+βiAnd λi min＝2αiPi min+βi，biAnd bjRepresenting the weighting coefficients.
The weighting coefficient and the feedback coefficient in the algorithm are selected according to the formula (4) to overcome the influence of communication data packet loss and communication topology time variation
Figure GDA0002227890100000062
In the formula (4), the reaction mixture is,
Figure GDA0002227890100000063
indicating the number of neighbors whose neighbor information was received by the ith DG unit at the kth communication,
Figure GDA0002227890100000064
c represents the number of neighbors transmitting information to the neighbors by the ith DG unit in the k communicationi(k) As long as the value is in the interval (0, lambda)i min) And (4) finishing.
Calculating the optimal active power reference value P of the economic coordination controlleri *Real-time transmitting to power controller, updating rated active power set value Pni。
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (2)

1. An island microgrid distributed economic coordination method based on communication constraint and time-varying load is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: event triggering: if the actual output frequency omega of the ith distributed generation DG unitiAnd the rated frequency omega of the system*If the absolute value of the deviation is larger than a certain threshold value sigma, the economic coordination controller informs the rest economic coordination controllers to perform the following actions by using the communication transceiver and the distributed sparse communication link in a broadcasting mode;
time triggering: each economic coordination controller starts timing by utilizing a timer at the same time, and if the timing period T is reached, the timer is set to zero and restarted;
the active power output value of the DG unit at the time of the event trigger and the time trigger is used as a local load estimation value
Figure FDA0002244388900000011
S2: at each event-triggered or time-triggered moment, based on local load estimates
Figure FDA0002244388900000012
Parameter P in economic coordinating controlleri *、ΔPiAnd λiInitial values are assigned:
Figure FDA0002244388900000013
s3: based on the initial value in S2, the economic coordination controller adopts a distributed iterative algorithm to calculate the optimal active power reference Pi *The specific algorithm is as follows:
Figure FDA0002244388900000014
where k denotes the number of calculation iterations, λiAnd λjRespectively representing incremental cost estimates for the ith and jth DG units,
Figure FDA0002244388900000015
set of communication neighbors representing the ith DG unit capable of receiving information, aiDenotes a weighting coefficient, εiRepresenting the feedback coefficient, Δ PiAnd Δ PjRespectively representing the local supply-demand balance deviation estimated values, P, of the ith and jth DG unitsi *Represents the optimal active power reference value, P, of the ith DG unit estimatei maxAnd Pi minRepresenting the maximum and minimum active power output limits of the ith DG unit, respectively, αiAnd βiIs the coefficient of the quadratic cost function of the ith DG unit,
Figure FDA0002244388900000016
and
Figure FDA0002244388900000017
respectively represent the maximum and minimum incremental costs of the ith DG unit, and are calculated respectively
Figure FDA0002244388900000021
And
Figure FDA0002244388900000022
biand bjRepresents a weighting coefficient;
wherein, in order to overcome the influence of communication data packet loss and communication topology time variation, the calculation formula of the weighting coefficient and the feedback coefficient is as follows:
Figure FDA0002244388900000023
wherein,
Figure FDA0002244388900000024
indicating the number of neighbors whose neighbor information was received by the ith DG unit at the kth communication,
Figure FDA0002244388900000025
c represents the number of neighbors transmitting information to the neighbors by the ith DG unit in the k communicationi(k) Value in the interval
Figure FDA0002244388900000026
Internal;
s4: calculating the optimal active power reference value P of the economic coordination controlleri *Real-time transmitting to power controller, updating rated active power set value Pni。
2. An island microgrid distributed economic coordination method based on communication constraints and time-varying loads according to claim 1, characterized in that: the DG unit is provided with a local controller and a communication transceiver, the communication transceiver exchanges information with the adjacent DG unit through a distributed sparse communication link, and the local controller generates a control signal of the DG unit according to the superior control and the inferior control;
the lower-level control comprises a power controller, a voltage controller and a current controller, and generates a control signal of the DG unit according to a reference signal generated by the upper-level control and information acquired by the voltage and current sensor;
the droop control of the power controller is as follows:
Figure FDA0002244388900000027
in the formula, ωriAnd VriRespectively representing the output frequency and the output voltage reference value, omega, generated by the ith DG unit through droop control*And V*Respectively representing the rated frequency and the rated voltage of the microgrid system,
Figure FDA0002244388900000028
and
Figure FDA0002244388900000029
respectively representing the frequency droop coefficient and the voltage droop coefficient of the ith DG unit, PiAnd QiRespectively representing the active power and reactive power output by the ith DG unit, PniAnd QniRespectively representing rated active power and rated reactive power set values of the ith DG unit;
the upper-level control comprises an economic coordination controller, and the upper-level control tracks and estimates time-varying load in real time by adopting a double-triggering mechanism of event triggering and time triggering according to self information and information of communication neighbors, performs distributed economic dispatching and generates a rated active power set value.
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