CN107910888A - A kind of MPPT grid-connected control methods for photovoltaic series connection micro-capacitance sensor - Google Patents
A kind of MPPT grid-connected control methods for photovoltaic series connection micro-capacitance sensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention is for photovoltaic series connection micro-capacitance sensor structure, it is proposed that and it is a kind of based on sagging MPPT grid-connected control methods, for solving maximum power output and voltage/frequency stability problem during photovoltaic series connection micro-grid connection.The micro-capacitance sensor includes several photovoltaic generation units and common bus, the modular unit that photovoltaic generation unit is made of photovoltaic panel, boosting DC/DC converters, DC/AC inverters.The control strategy of proposition realizes the voltage/frequency stable operation of photovoltaic train and the MPPT outputs of photovoltaic cells at the same time.Improve the sagging power output efficiency that can not be realized the problem of photovoltaic cells MPPT is exported, improve tandem photovoltaic system of tradition.Traditional droop control method is contrasted, which can realize that the maximum power of photovoltaic cells utilizes, and improve the utilization rate of regenerative resource；Traditional PQ control methods are contrasted, which can run without communication, reduce the communications cost of system, improve the reliability of system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric power network technique field, is related to a kind of for the grid-connected based on sagging MPPT of photovoltaic series connection micro-capacitance sensor
Control method.
Background technology
With the development of productivity, people for the energy demand just growing.The reserves of traditional fossil fuel
It is limited, and environment can be polluted in use, therefore can not meet the requirement of modern production.Solar energy
As one kind of regenerative resource, have the advantages that rich reserves, cleanliness without any pollution etc. are many, obtained more and more passes
Note.Micro-capacitance sensor is collected by distributed generation resource, energy-storage system, energy conversion device, monitoring and protective device, load etc. to be formed
Small-sized hair, match somebody with somebody, electricity system, is an autonomous system for possessing self-contr ol and self energy management, both can be with external electrical
Net is incorporated into the power networks (grid-connect mode), can also isolated operation (island mode).Divide since photovoltaic generation unit spatially has
Property is dissipated, micro-capacitance sensor is widely used in terms of photo-voltaic power supply is integrated.
Since photovoltaic generation has intermittent and uncertainty, running on island mode needs the energy storage device of larger capacity
The equilibrium of supply and demand of maintenance system, especially at night, when photo-voltaic power supply can not generate electricity, the energy that islanded system needs will be all by storing
Battery supplies.Therefore, photo-voltaic power supply general work, by maximal power tracing (MPPT) algorithm, it can be carried in grid-connect mode
The ceiling capacity injection bulk power grid of confession.
Micro-capacitance sensor provides new effective way to be grid-connected, and photovoltaic is concentrated on simultaneously currently for grid-connected research
Join grid connected structure.Under this structure, photovoltaic generation unit is usually controlled as current source by PQ controls, by gathering grid entry point
Voltage, its voltage magnitude and phase angle information are obtained after phaselocked loop, each photovoltaic generation is passed along by communication line
Unit.Photovoltaic generation unit utilizes itself amplitude/phase angle information of exportable power and grid entry point voltage this moment, calculates it
Current reference value.However, this control strategy needs high-bandwidth communication, this by the reliability of the system of reduction and increase system into
This.
Have the characteristics that voltage class is low in view of photovoltaic generation, cascaded structure is more advantageous to integrating low pressure photovoltaic module
It is grid-connected to be applied to medium/high pressure afterwards.In recent years, some scholars are studied for photovoltaic series connection grid connected structure, but mainly for
The power quality problems such as its three-phase imbalance, Harmonics elimination.
In photovoltaic series connection grid connected structure, photovoltaic cells are generally modular generator unit, its rated capacity is essentially identical.
Therefore, the power-sharing between each photovoltaic generation unit is highly important.It is widely used in the PQ controls of grid-connected system in parallel
Series connection grid connected structure is equally applicable to, but its dependence to high-bandwidth communication limits the application of the control algolithm.Under traditional
Vertical control is a kind of distributing control algolithm that need not be communicated, but it is not suitable for the photovoltaic generation of the exportable energy variation of source
Unit.Therefore, urgently ground for photovoltaic series connection grid connected structure, a kind of distributing control algolithm that can guarantee that photovoltaic MPPT outputs
Study carefully.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides it is a kind of for photovoltaic series connection micro-capacitance sensor based on sagging MPPT grid-connected control methods.For solving
The certainly maximum power output and voltage/frequency stability problem during photovoltaic series connection micro-grid connection.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kind of photovoltaic series connection micro-grid connection structure, including several photovoltaics
Generator unit and common bus.It is characterized in that, some photovoltaic generation units are grid-connected by connecting.The photovoltaic generation list
The modular unit that member is made of photovoltaic panel, boosting DC/DC converters, DC/AC inverters.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kind of based on sagging MPPT grid-connected control methods.Under tradition
On the basis of control algolithm of hanging down, improve it and be only applicable to the shortcomings that exportable power of source is constant, by adjusting lower whip in real time
Line, while ensureing that photovoltaic cells are consistent with bulk power grid voltage/frequency, it is possible to achieve its MPPT is exported.
A kind of is a kind of decentralised control methodology without communication based on sagging MPPT grid-connected control methods, including with
Lower step：
Step 1：Local active calculating.
The output voltage u of sampled voltage source inventeriWith output current ii, calculate the active-power P of photovoltaic generation uniti。
PiCalculation formula be：
Wherein, ωcFor the cutoff frequency of wave filter.
Step 2：Inverter reference voltage calculates.
DC capacitor voltage is sampled, active power and reactive power based on photovoltaic generation unit described in step 1, pass through
Adaptive droop control equation, obtains the reference voltage of photovoltaic generation unit.
Above-mentioned adaptive sagging equation includes：
(1) reference angle frequency calculates.
Wherein,Represent the reference angular frequency that i-th of photovoltaic generation unit is calculated,Represent i-th under no-load condition
The angular frequency of a photovoltaic generation unit, miRepresent the sagging coefficient of active-frequency droop control, Δ ωiRepresent i-th of photovoltaic hair
The angular frequency that electric unit is automatically adjusted according to photovoltaic actual power ability biases, udciRepresent that i-th of photovoltaic generation unit samples
The DC capacitor voltage of itself arrived,Represent that the DC side of i-th of photovoltaic generation unit gives reference voltage, KPiRepresent
I-th of photovoltaic generation unit uses the proportionality coefficient based on pi regulator in sagging MPPT control algolithms that this method proposes,
KIiRepresent the integration based on pi regulator in sagging MPPT control algolithms that i-th of photovoltaic generation unit uses this method to propose
Coefficient.
On the basis of such scheme preferably, the DC side of i-th of photovoltaic generation unit gives reference voltageFor one
A given fixed value, its value have to be larger than the alternating voltage u of voltage source inverter outputiPeak value, to avoid ovennodulation.
(2) reference voltage amplitude calculates.
Wherein, VgRepresent the voltage magnitude of bulk power grid side, N is the number of series connection grid-connected photovoltaic unit.
The expression formula of photovoltaic generation unit reference voltage is：
Wherein,
Wherein,Represent the Voltage Reference amplitude of i-th of photovoltaic generation unit being calculated in step 2,Represent
The reference angular frequency for i-th of photovoltaic generation unit being calculated in step 1,Represent the reference of i-th of photovoltaic generation unit
Voltage phase angle.
Step 3：Inverter switching device duty cycle calculates.
Reference voltage and sampling return inverter output voltage, output current pass through voltage controller and current controller
Afterwards, the duty cycle of inverter switching device is obtained, on off state is controlled, track reference voltage.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the topological structure schematic diagram according to the tandem photovoltaic micro-capacitance sensor of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is based on sagging MPPT cutting-in control structure charts according to the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the static characteristic song based on sagging MPPT control algolithms and traditional droop control algorithm according to the present invention
Line；
Fig. 4 is the micro-grid connection system equivalent circuit diagram being made of four photovoltaic generation units according to the present invention；
Fig. 5 a are the active power of output waveform according to the photovoltaic generation unit of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 b are the photovoltaic output current wave under being acted on according to the random perturbation of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 c are the frequency waveform according to the photovoltaic generation unit of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 d are the DC bus-bar voltage waveform according to the embodiment of the present invention；
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and examples, the present invention is described further.Following embodiments are used to illustrate this hair
It is bright, but cannot be used for limiting the scope of the invention.
The present invention is for photovoltaic series connection micro-capacitance sensor structure, it is proposed that a kind of based on sagging MPPT grid-connected control methods.It is first
First, the photovoltaic series connection micro-capacitance sensor structure being directed to the present invention illustrates.Fig. 1 is opening up according to tandem photovoltaic micro-capacitance sensor of the present invention
Flutter structure diagram.Wherein, micro-capacitance sensor includes several photovoltaic generation units and common bus.Wherein, some photovoltaic hairs
It is grid-connected after electric unit series connection.The photovoltaic generation unit is made of photovoltaic panel, boosting DC/DC converters, DC/AC inverters
Modular unit.
The present invention based on sagging MPPT control block diagrams as shown in Fig. 2, it specifically comprises the following steps：
(1) local active calculating.
The output voltage u of sampled voltage source inventeriWith output current ii, calculate the active-power P of photovoltaic generation uniti。
PiCalculation formula be：
Wherein, ωcFor the cutoff frequency of wave filter.
(2) inverter reference voltage calculates.
DC capacitor voltage is sampled, active power and reactive power based on photovoltaic generation unit described in step 1, pass through
Adaptive droop control equation, obtains the reference voltage amplitude of photovoltaic generation unit and with reference to angular frequency.
Above-mentioned adaptive sagging equation includes：
(a) reference angle frequency calculates.
Wherein,Represent the reference angular frequency that i-th of photovoltaic generation unit is calculated,Represent i-th under no-load condition
The angular frequency of a photovoltaic generation unit, miRepresent the sagging coefficient of active-frequency droop control, Δ ωiRepresent i-th of photovoltaic hair
The angular frequency that electric unit is automatically adjusted according to photovoltaic actual power ability biases, udciRepresent that i-th of photovoltaic generation unit samples
The DC capacitor voltage of itself arrived,Represent that the DC side of i-th of photovoltaic generation unit gives reference voltage, KPiRepresent
I-th of photovoltaic generation unit uses the proportionality coefficient based on pi regulator in sagging MPPT control algolithms that this method proposes,
KIiRepresent the integration based on pi regulator in sagging MPPT control algolithms that i-th of photovoltaic generation unit uses this method to propose
Coefficient.
On the basis of such scheme preferably, the DC side of i-th of photovoltaic generation unit gives reference voltageFor one
A given fixed value, its value have to be larger than the alternating voltage u of voltage source inverter outputiPeak value, to avoid ovennodulation.
The control method can by translate sagging curve ensure photovoltaic generation unit MPPT export, contrast it is traditional under
Hang down and control, its principle analysis is as follows：
According to the actual operating mode of photovoltaic generation unit, it is assumed that photovoltaic generation unit #1 is subject to illumination, temperature etc. natural
The influence of environment, its maximum exportable active power is by P1It is decreased to P1′.Meanwhile photovoltaic generation unit #2 is due to external condition
Remain unchanged, its maximum exportable active power is maintained at P2.At this time, as shown in figure 3, according to traditional droop control, by
It is decreased to P in the active power of output of photovoltaic generation unit #11', its frequency will rise to ω2.Each photovoltaic hair during due to stable state
The frequency of electric unit must be synchronous, and therefore, the steady frequency of photovoltaic generation unit #2 also must operate at ω2, this will cause light
The output of volt generator unit #2 is active to be forced to be reduced to P2', i.e. in view of the uncertain of the exportable power of photovoltaic generation unit
Property, traditional droop control can not ensure the maximum power output of all photovoltaic generation units.Based on same it is assumed that according to this
Invention propose based on sagging MPPT control method, when the active power of output of photovoltaic generation unit #1 reduces, DC side
Capacitance voltage udc1 will be reduced, and at this time, Δ ω is negative, and the sagging curve for causing photovoltaic generation unit #1 is declined, untilSystem reaches stable state.In this case, the steady operation point of photovoltaic generation unit #1 is in c1, photovoltaic generation unit #2
Steady operation point still in a2, i.e. all photovoltaic generation units are all operated in its maximal power tracing point.
(b) reference voltage amplitude calculates.
Wherein, VgRepresent the voltage magnitude of bulk power grid side, N is the number of series connection grid-connected photovoltaic unit.
The expression formula of photovoltaic generation unit reference voltage is：
Wherein,
Wherein,Represent the Voltage Reference amplitude of i-th of photovoltaic generation unit being calculated in step 2,Represent
The reference angular frequency for i-th of photovoltaic generation unit being calculated in step 1,Represent the reference of i-th of photovoltaic generation unit
Voltage phase angle.
(3) inverter switching device duty cycle calculates.
The above-mentioned counted reference voltage of meter and sampling return inverter output voltage, output current pass through voltage controller
After current controller, the duty cycle of inverter switching device is obtained, on off state is controlled, track reference voltage.
In order to verify the feasibility based on sagging MPPT grid-connected control methods, build below by four photovoltaic generation units
The micro-grid connection simulation model of composition verified, wherein, after photovoltaic generation unit #1 and photovoltaic generation unit #2 series connection simultaneously
Grid-connected after net, photovoltaic generation unit #3 and photovoltaic generation unit #4 series connection, its equivalent circuit is as shown in figure 4, simulation parameter such as table 1
It is shown.For the uncertainty of photovoltaic generation unit under simulating natural condition, in photovoltaic generation unit prime DC/DC rectifiers
Random disturbances are added in output current, simulate the uncertainty of its exportable power；In addition, the voltage magnitude and frequency of bulk power grid
It is arranged to 311V/50Hz；To avoid toning, DC bus-bar voltage reference valueIt is arranged to 200V.
Table 1
Fig. 5 a represent the active power of output waveform of photovoltaic generation unit, and Fig. 5 b are the photovoltaic output under random perturbation effect
Current waveform, Fig. 5 c are the frequency waveform of photovoltaic generation unit, and Fig. 5 d are DC voltage waveform.
Four photovoltaic generation units export available maximum power always it can be seen from Fig. 5 a, Fig. 5 d, meanwhile, system
It can be realized under no communication condition grid-connected.Fig. 5 d represent the voltage waveform at photovoltaic generation unit DC bus capacitor both ends, can be with
Find out, although the exportable power of photovoltaic generation unit source changes with the change of external environment, its voltage can maintain
Given reference value.
The present invention proposes a kind of based on sagging MPPT cutting-in control sides for photovoltaic generation unit series connection grid connected structure
Method, is improved on tradition is sagging, and by the controlled voltage source that photovoltaic generation unit control is current control, this control method has
Following advantage：
(1) signal of communication between each photovoltaic generation unit is not required, avoids the constraint of physical connection, improves system
Reliability；
(2) by improving droop control, photovoltaic generation unit can export its maximum power, improve photovoltaic parallel in system
Efficiency；
(3) photovoltaic generation unit work is voltage source, be conducive to system simultaneously/design of off-network unified controller；
Finally, the embodiment of the present invention provides for the sake of example and description, is not intended to limit the present invention's
Protection domain.Within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on, should be included in
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
- The micro-grid connection structure 1. a kind of photovoltaic is connected, including several photovoltaic generation units and common bus.It is characterized in that, Some photovoltaic generation units are grid-connected by connecting.The photovoltaic generation unit be by photovoltaic panel, boosting DC/DC converters, The modular unit of DC/AC inverters composition.
- 2. micro-capacitance sensor structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that provide a kind of based on sagging MPPT simultaneously network controls Method processed.On the basis of traditional droop control algorithm, improve it and be only applicable to the shortcomings that exportable power of source is constant, pass through Sagging curve is adjusted in real time, while ensureing that photovoltaic cells are consistent with bulk power grid voltage/frequency, it is possible to achieve its maximum power is defeated Go out；Wherein, it is the control strategy for being widely used in micro-grid connection structure that tradition is sagging, which can realize power-sharing, But it can not realize the maximum power output of photovoltaic generation.
- 3. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that proposition based on sagging MPPT grid-connected control methods include with Lower step：Step 1：Local active calculating.Output voltage and output current based on voltage source inverter, calculate photovoltaic generation unit Active power；Step 2：Inverter reference voltage calculates.DC capacitor voltage is sampled, based on having for photovoltaic generation unit described in step 1 Work(power and reactive power, by adaptive droop control equation, obtain the reference voltage of photovoltaic generation unit；Step 3：Inverter switching device duty cycle calculates.Reference voltage and sampling return inverter output voltage, output current warp After overvoltage controller and current controller, the duty cycle of inverter switching device is obtained, on off state is controlled, track reference Voltage.
- 4. method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the active power in step 1 calculates formula and is：<mrow> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>&omega;</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>&omega;</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>i</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </mrow>Wherein, ω c be wave filter cutoff frequency, uiAnd iiThe respectively output voltage and output current of voltage source inverter.
- 5. method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that step 2 further comprises：(1) step 2.1：Reference angle frequency calculates；<mrow> <mfenced open = "{" close = ""> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>&omega;</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>&omega;</mi> <mo>*</mo> </msup> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>&Delta;&omega;</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&Delta;&omega;</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>K</mi> <mrow> <mi>P</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msubsup> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>K</mi> <mrow> <mi>I</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&Integral;</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msubsup> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> <mo>,</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>...</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow>Wherein,Represent the reference angular frequency that i-th of photovoltaic generation unit is calculated,Represent i-th of light under no-load condition Lie prostrate the angular frequency of generator unit, miRepresent the sagging coefficient of active-frequency droop control, Δ ωiRepresent i-th of photovoltaic generation list The angular frequency that member is automatically adjusted according to photovoltaic actual power ability biases, udciRepresent what i-th of photovoltaic generation unit sampled The DC capacitor voltage of itself,Represent that the DC side of i-th of photovoltaic generation unit gives reference voltage, KPiRepresent i-th Photovoltaic generation unit uses the proportionality coefficient based on pi regulator in sagging MPPT control algolithms that this method proposes, KIiRepresent I-th of photovoltaic generation unit uses the integral coefficient based on pi regulator in sagging MPPT control algolithms that this method proposes；Wherein, the DC side of i-th of photovoltaic generation unit gives reference voltageFor a given fixed value, its value It has to be larger than the alternating voltage u of voltage source inverter outputiPeak value, to avoid ovennodulation.(2) reference voltage amplitude calculates.<mrow> <msubsup> <mi>V</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mi>g</mi> </msub> <mi>N</mi> </mfrac> </mrow>Wherein, VgRepresent the voltage magnitude of bulk power grid side, N is the number of series connection grid-connected photovoltaic unit；The expression formula of photovoltaic generation unit reference voltage is：<mrow> <msubsup> <mi>u</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mi>V</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>&angle;</mo> <msubsup> <mi>&delta;</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>;</mo> </mrow>Wherein,Wherein, Vi refRepresent the Voltage Reference amplitude of i-th of photovoltaic generation unit being calculated in step 2,Represent step 1 In the reference angular frequency of i-th of photovoltaic generation unit that is calculated,Represent the reference voltage of i-th of photovoltaic generation unit Phase angle.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108899937A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2018-11-27 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | A kind of exchange optimizer system |
| CN109066699A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2018-12-21 | 兰州理工大学 | A method of judging that ovennodulation influences micro-source inverter series connection micro-capacitance sensor voltage |
| CN109088596A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-12-25 | 华南师范大学 | A kind of photovoltaic redundancy inverter system |
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| CN105743121A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-07-06 | 国家电网公司 | Direct grid connected type photovoltaic power station circuit topological structure |
| CN106712113A (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-05-24 | 中南大学 | Droop control method of voltage source inverter for photovoltaic energy storage independent microgrid |
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| CN109088596A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-12-25 | 华南师范大学 | A kind of photovoltaic redundancy inverter system |
| CN109066699A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2018-12-21 | 兰州理工大学 | A method of judging that ovennodulation influences micro-source inverter series connection micro-capacitance sensor voltage |
| CN109066699B (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2021-11-02 | 兰州理工大学 | Method for judging influence of overmodulation on micro-source inverter series micro-grid voltage |
| CN108899937A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2018-11-27 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | A kind of exchange optimizer system |
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