CN107328809B - Cooling tower filler detection test device and filler detection method for eliminating wall flow loss - Google Patents
Cooling tower filler detection test device and filler detection method for eliminating wall flow loss Download PDFInfo
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- CN107328809B CN107328809B CN201710544890.6A CN201710544890A CN107328809B CN 107328809 B CN107328809 B CN 107328809B CN 201710544890 A CN201710544890 A CN 201710544890A CN 107328809 B CN107328809 B CN 107328809B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F25/00—Component parts of trickle coolers
- F28F25/02—Component parts of trickle coolers for distributing, circulating, and accumulating liquid
- F28F25/08—Splashing boards or grids, e.g. for converting liquid sprays into liquid films; Elements or beds for increasing the area of the contact surface
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cooling tower filler detection test device and a filler detection method for eliminating wall flow loss, comprising the following steps: the water spraying device comprises an air inlet pipeline, an air outlet pipeline, a spraying system, a wall flow recovery device, a tower body, water spraying fillers and a water collecting tank, wherein the spraying system comprises a water spraying nozzle, fixed pulleys, movable flat wheels and fixed pulley supports, the fixed pulleys are fixed on the fixed pulley supports, the fixed pulley supports are fixed at the upper positions of the tower body, the water spraying nozzle is fixed on the spraying supports, the spraying supports are connected with the fixed pulleys through ropes, the movable flat wheels are arranged on the outer sides of the spraying supports and can smoothly roll on the inner sides of the tower body, and the number of the movable flat wheels on each side of the spraying supports is 2, and the total number of the movable flat wheels is 8. By adopting such a device, the accuracy of the filler detection can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of cooling tower heat exchange, and particularly relates to a cooling tower filler detection test device and a filler detection method for eliminating wall flow loss.
Background
The cooling tower water spraying filler is one of the most main components for determining the performance of the cooling tower, and has the function of dispersing the high-temperature water from the water distribution device into water films or fine water drops after passing through a flow channel, so that the contact area and time of the water and the air are increased to the greatest extent, and the effective heat and mass exchange of the water and the air is ensured. In a wet cooling tower, the cooling efficiency of the water spraying filler can reach 60% -70%, so that the test of the filler characteristics and the optimization of the structure are important to the improvement of the heat exchange capacity of the cooling tower.
The fillers commonly used in the current engineering include oblique wave fillers, S-shaped fillers, double oblique wave fillers, honeycomb fillers, PVC grid fillers and the like, different types of fillers have certain difference in thermal and resistance characteristics, and the filler products on the market are good and bad, so that a filler characteristic testing device needs to be developed to evaluate the filler performance.
In the packing test process, due to the problem of shower uniformity of a shower nozzle, wall flow phenomenon can occur on the inner wall of a tower body in the test device, and the part of cooling water does not substantially participate in heat exchange, so that test result deviation can be caused if the part of cooling water is not deducted during data processing. In the existing filler detection test device, the test result of the influence in the wall flow phenomenon is often neglected, so that the performance of the filler cannot be accurately detected.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical defects, the invention provides the cooling tower filler detection test device capable of eliminating wall flow loss, with adjustable height of the water spraying nozzle, simple structure and flexible operation, for improving the accuracy of the filler performance test result.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a cooling tower packing detection test device for eliminating wall flow loss, comprising: the water spraying device comprises an air inlet pipeline, an air outlet pipeline, a spraying system, a wall flow recovery device, a tower body, water spraying fillers and a water collecting tank, wherein the spraying system comprises a water spraying nozzle, fixed pulleys, movable flat wheels and fixed pulley supports, the fixed pulleys are fixed on the fixed pulley supports, the fixed pulley supports are fixed at the upper positions of the tower body, the water spraying nozzle is fixed on the spraying supports, the spraying supports are connected with the fixed pulleys through ropes, the movable flat wheels are arranged on the outer sides of the spraying supports and can smoothly roll on the inner sides of the tower body, and the number of the movable flat wheels on each side of the spraying supports is 2, and the total number of the movable flat wheels is 8. The spray bracket and the spray nozzle can be moved up and down in the vertical direction by contracting and stretching the rope so as to adjust the interval between the spray nozzle and the spray filler.
Preferably, the wall flow recovery device comprises a recovery groove, a recovery pipeline, a valve and a liquid flowmeter, wherein the recovery groove is arranged on the circumference of the inner wall of the tower body and is positioned below the filler support, the valve and the liquid flowmeter are arranged on the recovery pipeline, one end of the recovery pipeline is connected with the recovery groove, and the other end of the recovery pipeline is connected with the water collecting tank. The wall flow recovery device serves to measure cooling water that does not substantially take part in the heat exchange.
Preferably, the recovery tank forms a certain inclination angle in the horizontal direction, and the connection point of the recovery tank and the recovery pipeline is the lowest point of the recovery tank, so that the cooling water in the wall-flow recovery device is ensured to flow into the wall-flow recovery pipeline completely under the action of gravity, and finally is collected into the water collecting tank.
Preferably, the tower body is fixedly connected with a packing support, the water spraying packing is placed on the packing support, and the packing support is fixedly connected with the tower body.
Preferably, a plurality of temperature sensors are arranged below the filler support and above the water spraying filler and are fixed, the temperature sensors are uniformly distributed on the square cross section of the inner part of the tower body, and the data measured by the temperature sensors are the cooling water inlet temperature t 1 And outlet temperature t 2 。
Preferably, the water receiving tank is arranged below the tower body, most of cooling water flows through the water spraying filler after being sprayed by the water spraying nozzle, and the cooling water falls into the water receiving tank after heat exchange with air, and the small part of cooling water flows into the recovery tank along the inner wall of the tower body.
Preferably, a spray pipe is arranged below the spray bracket and fixed, the spray bracket and the spray pipe are both of a net structure, the spray pipes are connected with the spray nozzles in series, and cooling water flows through the spray pipes and then is distributed to each spray nozzle.
Preferably, the air outlet pipeline is arranged in the middle of the uppermost part of the tower body, and the air inlet pipeline is arranged at two sides below the tower body.
The invention also provides a cooling tower filling material detection method for eliminating wall flow loss, which mainly aims at the method by utilizing the deviceThe cooling tower packing is detected, and the following data are recorded in the detection process: wall flow mass flow rate Q Wall with a wall body Inlet temperature t of cooling water 1 Outlet temperature t of cooling water 2 Air quantity G of tower inlet dry air a Total amount of cooling water Q w 。
Firstly, calculating a heat balance error delta Q of a heat exchange system H When the heat balance error is less than 0.5%, the indication value of each table is accurate, and the air and the cooling water are subjected to full heat exchange, so that the next thermodynamic calculation can be performed, otherwise, the test work should be reworked.
The heat balance formula is:
the heat coefficient formula is:
the formula of the specific enthalpy of the inlet air is as follows:
the specific enthalpy formula of the air discharged from the tower is as follows:
wherein:
ΔQ H is a thermal equilibrium error;
k is the heat coefficient;
G a the dry air quantity (kg/h) for entering the tower;
h 2 specific enthalpy of air out of tower (kJ/kg);
h 1 specific enthalpy (kJ/kg) of air entering the tower;
t 1 is the cooling water inlet temperature (K);
t 2 is the cooling water outlet temperature (K);
Q w is the total amount of cooling water (kg/h);
c w is the specific heat capacity of water (kJ/kg. K);
Q wall with a wall body Wall flow mass flow (kg/h);
θ is the dry bulb temperature (°c);
p″ θ is the saturated vapor partial pressure (kPa) of air at dry bulb temperature.
And secondly, calculating the cooling number.
The cooling number formula is: Ω=a·λ m
The formula for calculating the cooling number by adopting Xin Puxun integration method is as follows:
the formula of the air-water ratio is as follows:
wherein:
omega is the cooling number;
a is a thermodynamic test coefficient;
lambda is the air-water ratio;
h' is saturated air specific enthalpy (kJ/kg);
Δh is the enthalpy difference (kJ/kg) between saturated air and wet air;
and thirdly, calculating the volume mass coefficient.
The volumetric mass coefficient formula is:
the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
K a ＝Bg m q n wherein
Wherein:
K a is the bulk mass coefficient of the volume;
q is the water spray density (kg/(h.m2))
V is the volume (m 3) of the water spraying filler;
s is cross-sectional area (m 2) of the water spraying filler;
b is a test coefficient;
g is the ventilation density (kg/(s.m2));
m and n are the thermodynamic test indexes.
Compared with the prior art, the cooling tower filler detection test device for eliminating wall flow loss has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The wall flow recovery device is arranged, the wall flow mass flow which does not flow through the water spray filler is measured, the part of cooling water does not substantially participate in heat exchange, the wall flow loss is deducted during data processing, the test error is reduced, and the accuracy of the test result is improved.
(2) The spraying device is movable, the height of the spraying nozzle can be flexibly adjusted, the distance between the spraying nozzle and the filler is changed, the thermal force and the resistance characteristics of the spraying filler at different intervals are tested, and the optimal working combination mode of the spraying system and the filler is obtained.
(3) The prior art obtains the inlet temperature t of cooling water 1 And outlet temperature t 2 The method is characterized in that the temperature of cooling water in a water inlet pipeline and a water receiving tank is directly measured, but the temperature of the cooling water from a spray device to the upper end of the water spraying filler and the temperature of the cooling water from the lower end of the water spraying filler to the water receiving tank are reduced, and the temperature reduction is irrelevant to the water spraying filler, so that the prior art is not scientific in measuring the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature of the cooling water to calculate the thermal characteristics of the filler.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention, the drawings that are used as needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are merely descriptions of embodiments of the invention, and it is possible for those skilled in the art to make simple modifications or name changes according to technical solutions or to adopt conventional means without inventive effort, and the object of the invention can also be achieved.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction A-A;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the B-B direction;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction C-C.
1-tower body, 2-air outlet pipeline, 3-air inlet pipeline, 4-water spraying filler, 5-filler support, 6-water collecting tank, 7-temperature sensor, 20-recovery tank, 21-recovery pipeline, 22-valve, 23-liquid flowmeter, 30-water spraying nozzle, 31-movable flat wheel, 32-fixed pulley support, 33-fixed pulley, 34-rope and 35-spraying support.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention thereto.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, a cooling tower packing detection test apparatus for eliminating wall flow loss, comprising: the wall flow recovery device, the tower body 1, the water spraying filler 4, the water receiving tank 6 and the like are arranged in the tower body 1, the spraying system comprises a water spraying nozzle 30, fixed pulleys 33 and movable flat wheels 31, the fixed pulleys 33 are fixed on the tower body 1 through fixed pulley supports 32, the water spraying nozzle 30 is fixed on a spraying support 35, the spraying support 35 is connected with the fixed pulleys 33 through ropes 34, the movable flat wheels 31 are arranged on the outer sides of the spraying support 35 and matched with the tower body, and the number of each side of the movable flat wheels 31 is 2, and the total number of the movable flat wheels 31 is 8.
The movable flat wheel 31 has two functions, namely, the spray bracket 35 is kept not to incline in the horizontal direction, the friction resistance in the up-and-down movement process of the spray bracket 35 is reduced, and the movement direction of the spray bracket 35 is controlled by contracting and stretching the rope 34 so as to adjust the distance between the shower nozzle 30 and the shower filler 4.
In the embodiment, the wall flow recovery device is arranged below the filler support 5 and consists of a recovery groove 20, a recovery pipeline 21, a valve 22 and a liquid flowmeter 23, wherein the recovery groove 20 is annularly arranged along the periphery of the inner wall of the tower body 1, the recovery groove 20 is connected with the recovery pipeline 21, the valve 22 and the liquid flowmeter 23 are arranged on the recovery pipeline 21, the other end of the recovery pipeline 21 is connected with the water pool 6, and the wall flow recovery device introduces cooling water into the wall flow recovery pipeline 21 through the wall flow recovery groove 20 and finally collects the cooling water into the water pool. The function of this is to measure cooling water that does not substantially take part in the heat exchange.
The wall flow mass flow can be measured directly by the liquid flow meter 23. The wall flow recovery tank 20 has a certain inclination angle in the horizontal direction, and the wall flow recovery pipe 21 is at the lowest point so as to ensure that the cooling water in the wall flow recovery tank 20 flows into the wall flow recovery pipe 21 completely under the action of gravity.
In the embodiment, the water spraying filler 4 is placed on the filler bracket 5, and the filler bracket 5 is fixedly connected with the tower body 1. A water receiving tank 6 is arranged below the tower body 1, most of cooling water flows through the water spraying filler 4 after being sprayed by the water spraying nozzle 30, and the cooling water falls into the water receiving tank 6 after heat exchange with air, and a small part of cooling water flows into the wall flow recovery device along the inner wall of the tower body 1. The upper part of the water spraying filler 4 and the lower part of the filler support 5 are respectively provided with a plurality of temperature sensors 7, the temperature sensors 7 are uniformly arranged on the square cross section of the tower body 1, and the inlet temperature t of cooling water is measured respectively 1 And outlet temperature t 2 The data measured by the temperature sensor 7 are transmitted to a computer through a data acquisition instrument, and the average value is taken as test data to calculate the thermal characteristics of the filler.
In this embodiment, a spraying pipe is arranged and fixed below the spraying bracket 35, and the spraying pipe and the spraying bracket 35 are arranged in a same manner and are both in a net structure, the spraying pipe connects the spraying nozzles 30 together in series, and the cooling water flows through the spraying pipe and is distributed into each spraying nozzle 30. An air outlet pipeline 2 is arranged in the middle of the uppermost part of the tower body 1, and air inlet pipelines 3 are arranged on two sides of the lower part of the tower body 1.
The specific principle of the cooling tower filler detection test device for eliminating wall flow loss in the embodiment is as follows:
data need to be recorded during the test: wall flow mass flow rate Q Wall with a wall body Inlet temperature t of cooling water 1 Outlet temperature t of cooling water 2 Air quantity G of tower inlet dry air a Total amount of cooling water Q w 。
Firstly, calculating a heat balance error delta Q of a heat exchange system H When the heat balance error is less than 0.5%, the calculated values of each table are accurate, and the air and the cooling water are subjected to full heat exchange,the next thermodynamic calculation may be performed, otherwise the test job should be reworked.
The heat balance formula is:
the heat coefficient formula is:
the formula of the specific enthalpy of the inlet air is as follows:
the specific enthalpy formula of the air discharged from the tower is as follows:
wherein:
ΔQ H is a thermal equilibrium error;
k is the heat coefficient;
G a the dry air quantity (kg/h) for entering the tower;
h 2 specific enthalpy of air out of tower (kJ/kg);
h 1 specific enthalpy (kJ/kg) of air entering the tower;
t 1 is the cooling water inlet temperature (K);
t 2 is the cooling water outlet temperature (K);
Q w is the total amount of cooling water (kg/h);
c w is the specific heat capacity of water (kJ/kg. K);
Q wall with a wall body Wall flow mass flow (kg/h);
θ is the dry bulb temperature (°c);
p″ θ is the saturated vapor partial pressure (kPa) of air at dry bulb temperature.
And secondly, calculating the cooling number.
The cooling number formula is: Ω=a·λ m
The formula for calculating the cooling number by adopting Xin Puxun integration method is as follows:
the formula of the air-water ratio is as follows:
wherein:
omega is the cooling number;
a is a thermodynamic test coefficient;
lambda is the air-water ratio;
h' is saturated air specific enthalpy (kJ/kg);
Δh is the enthalpy difference (kJ/kg) between saturated air and wet air;
and thirdly, calculating the volume mass coefficient.
The volumetric mass coefficient formula is:
the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
K a ＝Bg m q n wherein
Wherein:
K a is the bulk mass coefficient of the volume;
q is the water spray density (kg/(h.m2))
V is the volume (m 3) of the water spraying filler;
s is cross-sectional area (m 2) of the water spraying filler;
b is a test coefficient;
g is the ventilation density (kg/(s.m2));
m and n are the thermodynamic test indexes.
The test data of the test device of the invention are shown in table 1, and particularly, the test results of the thermal properties of the S-shaped filler, the oblique wave filler and the double oblique wave filler show that the cooling performance of the filler is in direct proportion to the arrangement height of the filler, namely, the higher the arrangement height of the filler is, the better the cooling performance of the oblique wave filler is, and the thermal properties of the oblique wave filler are better than those of the other two fillers.
TABLE 1
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and are intended to be within the scope of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but is capable of modification and variation without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A cooling tower packing detection test device for eliminating wall flow loss, comprising: air inlet pipeline, air-out pipeline, spraying system, wall flow recovery unit, tower body, drenching filler, receipts pond, filler support, its characterized in that: the spraying system comprises a water spraying nozzle, a fixed pulley, a movable flat wheel and a fixed pulley support, wherein the fixed pulley is fixed on the fixed pulley support, the fixed pulley support is fixed at the upper part of the tower body, the water spraying nozzle is fixed on the spraying support, the spraying support is connected with the fixed pulley through a rope, the movable flat wheel is arranged on the outer side of the spraying support, the movable flat wheel can smoothly roll on the inner side of the tower body, and the number of the movable flat wheels on each side of the spraying support is 2; the wall flow recovery device comprises a recovery groove, a recovery pipeline, a valve and a liquid flowmeter, wherein the recovery groove is arranged on the circumference of the inner wall of the tower body and is positioned below the filler bracket, the valve and the liquid flowmeter are arranged on the recovery pipeline, one end of the recovery pipeline is connected with the recovery groove, and the other end of the recovery pipeline is connected with the water recovery tank; a plurality of temperature sensors are arranged below the filler support and above the water spraying filler and fixed, and the temperature sensors are uniformly distributed on the square cross section of the inner part of the tower body; the following data were recorded during the test: wall flow mass flow, cooling water inlet temperature, cooling water outlet temperature, tower inlet dry air amount and cooling water total amount.
2. A cooling tower packing detection test apparatus for eliminating wall flow losses according to claim 1, wherein: the recovery tank forms a certain inclination in the horizontal direction, and the connection point of the recovery tank and the recovery pipeline is the lowest point of the recovery tank.
3. A cooling tower packing detection test apparatus for eliminating wall flow losses according to claim 1, wherein: the tower body is fixedly connected with the tower body, the water spraying filler is placed on the filler support, and the filler support is fixedly connected with the tower body.
4. A cooling tower packing detection test apparatus for eliminating wall flow losses according to claim 1, wherein: the spray pipe is arranged below the spray bracket and is fixed, the spray bracket and the spray pipe are both of a net structure, the spray pipe connects the spray nozzles together in series, and cooling water flows through the spray pipe and then is distributed to each spray nozzle.
5. The cooling tower packing detection test apparatus for eliminating wall flow loss according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the air outlet pipeline is arranged in the middle of the uppermost part of the tower body, and the air inlet pipeline is arranged at two sides below the tower body.
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| CN110260705B (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2024-04-19 | 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 | Working method of countercurrent cooling tower water spraying filler testing device based on accurate adjustment of air path system |
| CN114577842B (en) * | 2022-05-07 | 2022-07-01 | 江苏双辉环境科技有限公司 | Cooling tower filler performance test bench |
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