CN107328669B - Bridge deck asphalt pavement bulge diffusion process mechanical parameter testing method - Google Patents

Bridge deck asphalt pavement bulge diffusion process mechanical parameter testing method Download PDF

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CN107328669B
CN107328669B CN201710539078.4A CN201710539078A CN107328669B CN 107328669 B CN107328669 B CN 107328669B CN 201710539078 A CN201710539078 A CN 201710539078A CN 107328669 B CN107328669 B CN 107328669B
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test piece
bridge deck
pavement
bulge
environment box
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CN107328669A (en
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郝培文
张海伟
张强
王春
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Changan University
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
    • G01N3/36—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
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    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D27/00—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00
    • G05D27/02—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00 characterised by the use of electric means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
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    • G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
    • G01N2203/0064—Initiation of crack
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
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    • G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
    • G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/0202—Control of the test
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
    • G01N2203/0222—Temperature
    • G01N2203/0226—High temperature; Heating means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
    • G01N2203/0236—Other environments
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
    • G01N2203/0647—Image analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
    • G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
    • G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle

Abstract

The invention discloses a bridge deck asphalt pavement bulge diffusion process mechanical parameter testing device and method, aiming at accurately testing the relation between bulge deformation characteristic parameters and applied load of bridge deck pavement materials and calculating the fracture energy and the damage strain of the damaged interface of the bulge of different pavement systems, wherein the device adopts the technical scheme that: the test device comprises an environment box arranged on a support frame, wherein a test piece fixing frame is arranged in the environment box, the test piece fixing frame is connected to a pressurizing oil cylinder through an output oil pipe, the pressurizing oil cylinder is connected with an MTS fatigue testing machine, and the pressurizing oil cylinder can press hydraulic oil into a test piece to generate a load effect; the device comprises an environment box, and is characterized in that a temperature and humidity sensor and a temperature and humidity generation controller are arranged in the environment box, a camera capable of shooting the bulge deformation of the surface of the test piece is arranged at the top of the environment box, and the camera is connected to an MTI-3D structure deformation measurement system capable of processing and analyzing the bulge deformation of the surface of the test piece.

Description

Bridge deck asphalt pavement bulge diffusion process mechanical parameter testing method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of prevention and control of bridge deck asphalt pavement diseases, and particularly relates to a device and a method for testing mechanical parameters in a bulge diffusion process of bridge deck asphalt pavement.
Background
In recent years, the construction of highways is developed to mountainous areas, the proportion of bridges in the route is increasing, and the prevention and treatment of bridge deck pavement diseases become more important. With the application of new materials such as epoxy asphalt mixture and the like in bridge deck pavement, cracks and permanent deformation diseases are gradually reduced, and bulges increasingly become the most main disease types of bridge deck pavement, thereby causing wide attention of people. Bridge deck paving systems typically include a waterproof bonding layer on the deck slab, a lower layer of pavement, and an upper layer of pavement. After air or moisture is mixed between each layer, the gas (air or water vapor) sealed in the pavement layer expands by volume under heating at high temperature in summer to form huge expansion force, and the upper pavement layer is gradually jacked up to form a bulge phenomenon. Bulge diseases are possibly formed between the pavement layer and the waterproof layer or between the waterproof layer and the bridge deck in the operation process of the bridge deck, and the bulge diseases are most common between the waterproof layer and the bridge deck in the construction process.
When the bulge disease appears in the bridge deck pavement, each layer of material receives bending and stretching action in the bulging process, micro cracks are easily generated, and further, under the repeated action of vehicle dynamic load and the scouring action of water in the pavement layer, the surface of the pavement layer can generate a large amount of sludge whitening slurry. In addition, after the pavement of the bridge deck swells, the bonding force of the bridge deck is lost, and the bridge deck is gradually crushed under the action of the load of the traveling crane, so that the pavement layer finally collapses, and large-area damage is caused. More seriously, after the bulge generates macroscopic cracks, moisture such as rainfall can directly contact with the bridge deck through the cracks, so that the corrosion or the corrosion to the bridge is accelerated, the service life of the bridge deck pavement structure and the integrity and the flatness of the bridge deck pavement are seriously influenced, and the potential safety hazard is increased.
The on-site bridge deck pavement bulge disease mode investigation shows that the bridge deck bulge disease mainly shows two failure modes of crack occurrence of a pavement material or debonding of the pavement material and a bridge deck slab, and compared with the bulge resistance of different bridge deck pavement combinations through an indoor test before construction, the bridge deck bulge disease control method has important significance for guiding bridge deck pavement structures, material design and construction. The crack disease after the swelling of the bridge deck pavement is caused by overlarge tension of the material, so that the damage strain of a bridge deck pavement system in the swelling process needs to be tested, and in addition, the debonding of the bridge deck pavement and a bridge deck slab is an expression form of interface fracture, and the debonding failure resistance of the pavement material in the swelling process can be represented by applying an interface fracture energy index. The two indexes are obtained depending on the mutual relation between the load borne by the pavement material and the corresponding deformation mechanical parameters of the pavement material, so that a set of test device and method for rapidly testing the mechanical parameters of the bulge process of the bridge deck asphalt pavement system become a problem which needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for testing mechanical parameters of a bridge deck asphalt pavement bulge diffusion process, and the device and the method can accurately test the relation between bulge deformation characteristic parameters and applied loads of different types of bridge deck pavement materials by relying on an MTS fatigue testing machine.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a bridge deck asphalt pavement bulge diffusion process mechanical parameter testing device comprises an environment box arranged on a supporting frame, wherein a test piece fixing frame is arranged in the environment box and is connected to a pressurizing oil cylinder through an output oil pipe, the pressurizing oil cylinder is connected with an MTS fatigue testing machine, and the MTS fatigue testing machine can press hydraulic oil into a test piece through the pressurizing oil cylinder to generate a load effect; the device comprises an environment box, and is characterized in that a temperature and humidity sensor and a temperature and humidity generation controller are arranged in the environment box, a camera capable of shooting the bulge deformation of the surface of the test piece is arranged at the top of the environment box, and the camera is connected to an MTI-3D structure deformation measurement system capable of processing and analyzing the bulge deformation of the surface of the test piece.
The roof of environment case adopts transparent toughened glass, and the bottom plate and the support frame of environment case link firmly, and the oil delivery hole has been seted up at the center of bottom plate, and output oil pipe is connected to the oil delivery hole, and hydraulic oil can get into the downthehole at test piece middle part through the oil delivery hole.
And a door for conveniently taking and placing the test piece is arranged on the environment box.
The camera is located right above the top plate of the environment box, and the lens is opposite to the test piece.
The test piece fixing frame comprises four fixing rods fixedly connected with a bottom plate of the environment box, a pressing plate is arranged at the upper ends of the fixing rods, a round through hole convenient for expansion and deformation of the test piece is formed in the middle of the pressing plate, and the test piece is installed between the pressing plate and the bottom plate during testing.
The pressurizing oil cylinder is provided with an upper connecting rod, the upper connecting rod is fixedly connected with a balance beam of the MTS fatigue testing machine, a piston of the pressurizing oil cylinder is provided with a lower connecting rod, and the lower connecting rod is connected with a loading device of the MTS fatigue testing machine.
And a limiter capable of limiting the lower connecting rod is arranged on the oil cylinder wall of the pressurizing oil cylinder.
The pressurizing oil cylinder is communicated with the oil storage tank through an input oil pipe, and the input oil pipe and the output oil pipe are both provided with one-way valves.
A bridge deck asphalt pavement bulge diffusion process mechanical parameter testing method comprises the following steps:
1) manufacturing a test piece with a central hole, spraying white matte paint on the surface of the test piece, and then spraying black matte paint to form speckles on the surface of the test piece;
2) placing a test piece in an environment box, fixing the test piece on a test piece fixing frame, and connecting a central hole of the test piece with an output oil pipe;
3) setting the temperature and humidity in the environment box, and heating and humidifying the environment box to reach a test set value;
4) adjusting the position and the angle of a camera, starting an MTI-3D structure deformation measuring system, calibrating the measuring instrument by using a calibration plate, continuously laying and shooting 4-6 test piece surface pictures, and automatically compensating errors by the system;
5) starting an MTS fatigue testing machine, and driving a pressurizing oil cylinder to inject hydraulic oil into a test piece in a constant displacement rate loading mode; the MTS fatigue testing machine automatically acquires the change F (t) of force along with time, and meanwhile, the MTI-3D structure deformation measuring system (5) acquires the deformation of the surface profile of the test piece, so that the deformation data of each point on the surface of the test piece along with time is obtained;
6) one of the swelling damage modes of the paving system is as follows: in the whole test process, the pavement material is always in a good bonding state with the bridge deck, but the pavement material is broken by tension to form cracks, a pressurizing medium overflows continuously and cannot generate pressure on the pavement material continuously, and the MTI-3D structure deformation measurement system collects the tensile strain at the midpoint of the pavement material as the material bulge damage strain epsilonfA parameter;
7) the second mode of the pavement system bulge failure: before the material is damaged, the paving material and the bridge deck are firstly subjected to debonding failure, and the interfacial fracture energy parameter needs to be calculated under the condition. According to the force-time data and the displacement-time data obtained by the test of the test device, the calculation process of the interfacial fracture energy is as follows:
according to the Pascal principle, the pressure intensity in the closed pressurizing oil path is equal everywhere, and the force-time data F (t) of the MTS fatigue testing machine can be converted into the pressure intensity-time data q (t) borne by the pavement material according to the following formula:
q(t)＝F(t)/A
the mat material is subjected to a uniform axisymmetric load during the bulge pressurization process, so that the mat material debonding in the test can be handled as a disk interface fracture problem, the interface fracture energy of which can be calculated according to the formula given below (1978, e.h. andrews):
Figure BDA0001341406580000041
in the formula, qmaxFor the time t of debonding of paving material1The corresponding pressure value is also the peak value of the measured pressure curve under the condition; e (t)1) The modulus of elasticity at the moment of debonding.
The bridge deck slab of the pavement material is well bonded before the pressure-time curve is reduced in the bulge pressurizing process, the stress behavior of the pavement material at this stage is processed according to the problem that a circular plate under a fixed support boundary bears uniform axisymmetric load, and the deflection at the central point of the pavement material meets the following equation according to the deflection equation of a first-order shear deformation plate:
Figure BDA0001341406580000042
the modulus of elasticity of the paving material at the debonding critical moment can be obtained according to the formula:
Figure BDA0001341406580000043
the interfacial fracture energy can be calculated by substituting the elastic modulus at the time of debonding into the above equation.
8) In the second mode of the bulge failure of the pavement system, after the pavement material is debonded from the bridge deck, the pavement material still has tensile failure after being continuously loaded for a certain time, at the moment, the pressurized oil overflows, the pressure curve drops instantaneously, and the tensile strain at the midpoint of the pavement material is collected by the MTI-3D structure deformation measurement system at the moment of instantaneous drop of the pressure as the material bulge failure strain epsilonfAnd (4) parameters.
From the above, it can be seen that the present invention fails strain εfAnd the calculation accuracy of two mechanical parameters of the interface fracture energy G mainly depends on the test accuracy of the developed measuring device.
The step of manufacturing the test piece in the step 1) comprises the following steps: 1) placing the mixed cement concrete into a track slab, placing the track slab on a vibration table, continuously vibrating for 3-5 min, placing a steel cylinder with the height larger than the thickness of a test piece at the center of the cement concrete in the vibrating process, taking the cylinder out of a concrete slab after the concrete is initially set, thereby forming a center hole, and curing the concrete slab to simulate a cement concrete bridge deck; or manufacturing a steel plate with a central hole to simulate a steel bridge deck;
2) filling a central hole of the test piece with a steel cylinder, wherein the upper surface of the steel cylinder is flush with the upper surface of the cement board or the steel plate, and coating an asphalt separant on the surface of the steel cylinder;
3) laying a waterproof bonding layer material on the surface of a cement concrete slab or a steel plate, slowly taking away the cylinder in the central hole after the waterproof bonding layer is cooled to form strength, and preparing a test piece with the waterproof bonding layer and a non-bonding area so as to simulate the waterproof bonding layer with non-bonding defects on a bridge deck in the construction process; or after the waterproof bonding layer is cooled to form strength, paving and compacting the asphalt mixture for the bridge deck on a concrete slab or a steel plate, and slowly taking away the inner cylinder of the central hole after the paving mixture is cooled to form strength, so that a test piece with a non-adhesive area on the bridge deck pavement layer is prepared, and a paving system with the non-adhesive defect on the bridge deck in the operation process is simulated.
Compared with the prior art, the device disclosed by the invention applies various load modes to the test piece by adopting the loading system of the MTS fatigue testing machine so as to realize the simulation of the actual load under various working conditions of the on-site bulge. The device carries out non-contact full-field displacement (strain) measurement on the bulge deformation of the test piece through the MTI-3D structure deformation measurement system, overcomes the problem that a sensor generates interference when the surface displacement (strain) of the test piece is measured in the prior art, can monitor the deformation process of each point in the bulge range of the test piece along with time, and overcomes the defect of the prior single-point deformation measurement. The device can accurately obtain the relation between the bulge deformation characteristic parameters of different types of bridge deck pavement materials and the applied load, and provides an effective way for quickly evaluating the bulge resistance of a bridge deck pavement system.
Further, the environment box is provided with a temperature and humidity sensor and a temperature and humidity generation controller, the temperature and humidity are set to be used for enabling the asphalt base material to belong to a temperature and humidity sensitive material, the mechanical property of the material is obviously affected by the environment temperature and the humidity, and the environment box is enabled to have certain temperature and humidity so as to simulate the actual environment temperature and humidity conditions of the bridge deck.
Furthermore, the pressurizing oil cylinder is supported by an MTS fatigue testing machine, hydraulic oil is pressed into the round hole of the test piece cement plate under the action of a certain load, and the upper pavement layer is uniformly loaded, so that the mechanism of the action of thermal expansion of gas between the bridge deck plate and the pavement layer on the actual bridge deck is simulated.
The method is based on an MTS loading system and an MTI-3D non-contact full-field displacement measurement system, can apply various load modes to the test piece, realizes the simulation of actual loads under various working conditions of on-site bulging, simultaneously overcomes the problem that a sensor generates interference during the measurement of the surface displacement of the test piece in the past, can monitor the deformation process of each point in the bulging range of the test piece along with time, and overcomes the defect of the past single-point deformation measurement. The method of the invention tests the mechanical parameters obtained in the bulge forming process of different bridge decks, different stages, different types of waterproof bonding layers, different types of paving materials and the like by preparing different types of test pieces.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the pressurization cylinder;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the environmental chamber;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the platen;
FIG. 5 is a side view of the upper connecting rod;
wherein, 1-a support frame, 2-an environment box, 3-a test piece fixing frame, 4-a pressurizing oil cylinder, 5-MTI-3D structure deformation measuring system, 6-a camera, 7-a support frame bolt, 8-a bottom plate, 9-an oil conveying hole, 10-a sealing ring, 11-a lateral steel plate, 12-a rear steel plate, 13-a top plate, 14-a door, 15-a temperature and humidity generating controller, 16-a fixed rod, 17-a fixed rod bolt, 18-a pressing plate, 19-a round hole, 20-an oil cylinder wall, 21-an upper connecting rod, 22-a lower connecting rod, 23-a limiter, 24-a connecting hole, 25-a thread, 26-an input oil pipe, 27-an oil storage tank, 28-an output oil pipe, 29-a one-way valve, 30-oil inlet and outlet holes.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to specific embodiments and the drawing of the description.
Referring to fig. 1, the apparatus of the present invention mainly comprises: the device comprises a support frame 1, an environment box 2, a test piece fixing frame 3, a pressurizing oil cylinder 4, an MTI-3D structure deformation measuring system 5 and the like.
The support frame 1 is placed on the flat ground and is used for supporting the upper assembly of the whole device, and the upper assembly comprises an environment box 2 and a test piece fixing frame 3. Support frame 1 comprises four rigidity cylinders, and the cylinder top is equipped with the thread groove, and the connection effect through support frame bolt 7 and thread groove realizes that support frame 1 is fixed with bottom plate 8 of environment case 2, and then realizes the supporting role of support frame to the upper portion subassembly.
Referring to fig. 3, the environmental chamber 2 is a cubic frame, and its main function is to provide a temperature and humidity environment under certain conditions during the test process, so as to simulate the temperature and humidity environment change on the actual bridge deck. Round holes are reserved at four corners of the environment box bottom plate 8, the support frame bolts 7 are connected with the support frame 1 through the round holes to fix the environment box bottom plate 8, and the environment box bottom plate 8 can play the roles of a test operation table and a closed environment box.
Four round holes are reserved in the middle of the environmental box bottom plate 8 to be connected with a fixing rod 16 of the test piece fixing frame 3. The center of the corresponding position of the fixing frame placed on the bottom plate 8 of the environment box is provided with an oil conveying hole 9, and hydraulic oil is used for applying load to the bridge deck pavement layer of the test piece under the load setting effect of the MTS fatigue testing machine by taking the oil conveying hole 9 as a channel so as to simulate the load effect of gas expansion inside the pavement layer on the actual bridge deck on the pavement material. Rubber sealing rings 10 are adhered to the periphery of the oil conveying hole 9 on the bottom plate 8 of the environment box, and the rubber sealing rings have the function of providing a sealed environment, so that hydraulic oil can enter the hole formed in the middle of the test piece after passing through the oil conveying hole 9.
Two lateral steel plates 11 and a rear steel plate 12 of the environment box 2 are tightly connected with the bottom plate 8 through a sealing groove on the bottom plate 8 of the environment box. The environmental box top plate 13 is high-transmittance toughened glass and provides a window which can be shot by the camera 6, and when the camera 6 shoots, the lens is over the environmental box and just opposite to the test piece. A door 14 is arranged on the front side of the environment box to facilitate taking and placing of a test piece, and the front door 14 of the environment box is connected with the left steel plate 11 of the environment box through a hinge.
The inside temperature and humidity sensor that is provided with of environment case, environment case lateral wall are provided with humiture and produce controller 15. The temperature and humidity setting function is to simulate the temperature and humidity conditions of the air environment of the actual bridge deck.
The test piece fixing frame 3 is used for ensuring that the test piece is fixed in the test process, and the camera 6 can stably shoot the change process of the bulge on the surface of the test piece without being influenced by the integral rigid body displacement of the test piece. The specimen holder 3 is composed of four fixing rods 16, eight fixing rod bolts 17 and a steel pressing plate 18.
The test piece fixing frame 3 is connected with the environmental box bottom plate 8 through four fixing rods 16, and the fixing rods 16 can be vertically inserted into holes prefabricated on the environmental box bottom plate 8.
Referring to fig. 4, round holes 19 are formed in four corners of a pressing plate 18, the pressing plate 18 can be connected with a fixing rod 16 through the round holes 19, the middle of the pressing plate 18 is a round hollow body which facilitates bulging deformation of a test piece, the pressing plate 18 is horizontally placed on the test piece, and the test piece is fixed through fixing rod bolts 17 at the upper end and the lower end of the fixing rod 16.
Referring to fig. 2, a pressurizing oil cylinder 4 is supported by an MTS fatigue testing machine to press hydraulic oil into a circular hole of a test piece cement plate under a certain load effect, so as to generate a load effect on an upper pavement layer, and simulate the thermal expansion effect of gas between a bridge deck on an actual bridge deck and the pavement layer. The pressurizing oil cylinder 4 mainly comprises an oil cylinder wall 20, an upper connecting rod 21, a lower connecting rod 22 and a limiter 23.
The cylinder wall 20 has a thickness that can withstand high pressures. The oil cylinder wall 20 is provided with an oil inlet and outlet hole 30 which is a passage for the hydraulic oil in the oil cylinder to enter and exit. Referring to fig. 5, the upper connecting rod 21 is connected with the cylinder wall through a connecting hole 24 and connected with the MTS fatigue machine balance beam through a thread 25. The lower connecting rod 22 is connected with a loading device of an MTS fatigue machine, and the loading of the fatigue machine enables oil in the pushing oil cylinder to enter the test piece. In the test process, the MTS fatigue machine force sensing device is fixed, the connecting rod 22 pushes oil in the oil cylinder to push the test piece under the load applied by the fatigue machine, and the MTS fatigue machine force sensing device responds under the reaction of the test piece. The stopper 23 mainly functions to restrict the lower connecting rod 22 from being released from the cylinder when moving downward.
The pressurizing cylinder 4 is communicated with an oil storage tank 27 through an input oil pipe 26, and the hydraulic oil in the pressurizing cylinder can be supplemented through the oil storage tank 27 after being used in each test. The pressurizing oil cylinder 4 is communicated with the oil delivery hole 9 through an oil delivery pipe 28. The input oil pipe 26 and the output oil pipe 28 are provided with check valves 29, so that the oil flow directions of the input oil pipe 26 and the output oil pipe 28 are both one-way.
The MTI-3D structure deformation measurement system 5 is used for shooting, processing and analyzing the bulge deformation on the surface of the test piece in the environment box. The device performs non-contact measurement of the displacement of the bulge on the surface of the test piece based on the digital image correlation technology, and is produced by MTI company of Belgium. The main accessories include lighting (which is a powerful LED lamp), industrial cameras and computer control systems (containing software). When the camera shoots, the camera is right above the environment box, the lens is right opposite to the surface of the test piece, the shooting frequency can be automatically set, and the frequency of shooting at least 10 times per second can be achieved.
The method comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of test pieces
(1) Putting cement concrete (composed of cement, aggregate, fine sand, water, an additive and the like) mixed with a certain mass into a rut plate with the length, width and height of 30 x 5cm respectively, then putting the rut plate filled with the concrete on a vibration table, continuously vibrating for 3-5 min to form a cement concrete plate type test piece, vertically placing a steel solid cylinder with the diameter of 1cm and the height of 6cm at the center of the concrete in the vibration process of the concrete, slowly taking out the steel solid cylinder from the concrete plate when the initial setting time of the concrete is over, and then carrying out 28d treatment on the cement concrete plate with holes according to the standard requirement to simulate a cement concrete health-preserving bridge deck;
(2) cutting a steel plate with the length and width of 30cm and the thickness of 1.5cm, and drilling a hole with the diameter of 1cm in the center of the steel plate to simulate a steel bridge deck;
(3) manufacturing a supporting instrument, wherein the supporting instrument comprises a disc and a rod part arranged in the center of the disc, putting the rod part of the supporting instrument into a hole of a concrete slab or a steel plate, ensuring that the disc at the top of the supporting instrument is level to the surface of the concrete slab or the steel plate, and coating an asphalt separant (such as a mixed solution of talcum powder and glycerol) on the disc at the top of the supporting instrument;
(4) the waterproof bonding layer material is uniformly sprayed on the surface of a cement concrete slab or a steel plate by adopting a high-temperature-resistant liquid spray gun according to the quality, or the waterproof coiled material type waterproof bonding layer material is directly paved on the surface of the cement concrete slab or the steel plate, and in the paving process of the waterproof bonding layer, the supporting instrument plays a supporting role so as to ensure that the waterproof bonding layer material which is not formed in strength is a whole at a central hole. After the waterproof bonding layer is cooled to form strength, the rod part of the supporting instrument is slowly moved out of the hole, and as the surface of the disc of the supporting instrument is coated with the isolating agent, the supporting instrument and the waterproof bonding layer can be easily separated without affecting the integrity of the waterproof bonding layer, so that a test piece with the waterproof bonding layer and a non-bonding area is prepared, and the waterproof bonding layer with the non-bonding defect on the bridge deck in the construction process is simulated;
(5) the spraying type waterproof bonding layer material is uniformly sprayed on the surface of a cement concrete slab (steel plate) by adopting a high-temperature resistant liquid spray gun according to a certain mass, or the waterproof coiled material type waterproof bonding layer material is directly paved on the surface of the cement concrete slab, after the waterproof bonding layer is cooled to form strength, an asphalt mixture for a bridge deck is further paved and compacted on the waterproof bonding layer material, the supporting instrument plays a supporting role in the whole process so as to ensure that the waterproof bonding layer material and the asphalt mixture which are not formed in strength are integrated at a central hole, after the cooling strength of the mixture is formed, the rod part of the supporting instrument is slowly moved out of the hole, as the isolating agent is smeared on the disc surface of the supporting instrument, the supporting instrument can be easily separated from the waterproof bonding layer and the asphalt mixture without influencing the integrity of an upper layer material, so that a test piece with a non-sticky, a paving system with non-stick defects on the bridge deck in the operation process is simulated;
(6) spraying white matte paint on the surface of a test piece by taking the position of a hole in the test piece as a center, then spraying black matte paint, and manufacturing speckles with a certain area, wherein the arrangement of the speckles is the basis of applying MTI-3D measuring equipment and is a necessary step for establishing a coordinate system to carry out full-field displacement measurement;
2. environmental chamber temperature and humidity simulation
Placing the test piece in an environment box, heating the environment box, setting the humidity in the environment box through a humidity setter, and recording the temperature and the humidity through a temperature and humidity upper controller to be stable when the temperature and the humidity reach set values;
3. cylinder mounting and adjusting
(1) Starting an MTS fatigue testing machine, and adjusting the height position of a balance beam of the fatigue machine to enable the balance beam of the fatigue machine to be away from a pressure head for placing a pressure oil cylinder;
(2) screwing the upper connecting rod to a balance beam of the fatigue machine, screwing the lower connecting rod and the oil cylinder wall to a pressure head of the fatigue machine integrally, adjusting the height position of the balance beam of the fatigue machine to enable the upper connecting rod and a connecting hole at the upper end of the oil cylinder wall to be in the same horizontal position, and then inserting two cylindrical pins into the connecting holes respectively from front to back to be connected with the upper connecting rod, and completely fixing;
(3) setting the safety load as 5KN, driving the fatigue machine pressure head to drive the lower connecting rod to push upwards in a constant displacement loading mode, and stopping when the lower connecting rod reaches the top wall of the oil cylinder wall;
(4) and putting the input oil pipe into an oil storage tank, and setting a constant displacement mode to drive the lower connecting rod to move downwards and slowly under the driving of the fatigue machine pressure head. Because the pressurizing oil cylinder is a closed space, after the lower connecting rod moves downwards, vacuum is formed in the oil cylinder, and hydraulic oil in the oil storage tank enters the oil cylinder through the input oil pipe under atmospheric pressure. The lower connecting rod stops close to the position limiter;
(5) connecting an output oil pipe with an oil conveying hole of an environmental box bottom plate, and enabling a fatigue machine pressure head to drive a lower connecting rod to push upwards in a constant displacement mode until hydraulic oil flows out of a sealing ring of the environmental box bottom plate;
4. fixed test piece
Horizontally placing the heat-insulated test piece on an environmental box bottom plate, aligning a round hole in the center of the test piece with an oil delivery hole in the environmental box bottom plate as much as possible, then inserting a fixing rod of a fixing frame into a hole of a bottom plate, aligning holes at four corners of a pressing plate with the fixing rod, horizontally placing the test piece, and finally screwing bolts at the upper end and the lower end of the fixing rod to fix the test piece;
5. bulge load and deformation parameter measurement
(1) Turning on the LED lamp to provide certain brightness for the surface of the test piece, and adjusting the position and the angle of the camera to ensure that the pictures shot by the two cameras are clearly overlapped as much as possible;
(2) starting an MTI-3D measuring system, calibrating by using a calibration plate carried by the MTI-3D measuring system, continuously laying and shooting 4-6 test piece surface pictures, and performing error compensation through measuring system software;
(3) the loading mode of the MTS fatigue testing machine is set for loading, the controller can automatically acquire the change curve of the load along with the time, and simultaneously acquire the surface contour deformation of the test piece at the rate of once per second, so that the deformation data of each point on the surface of the test piece along with the time from the beginning of the experiment is obtained.
6. And (3) calculating mechanical parameters:
one of the swelling damage modes of the paving system is as follows: in the whole test process, the pavement material and the bridge deck are kept in a good bonding state all the time, but the pavement material is broken by tension to form cracks, the pressurizing medium overflows continuously and cannot generate pressure on the pavement material continuously, and the MTI-3D structure deformation measurement system collects the tensile strain at the midpoint of the pavement material as a material bulge damage strain parameter at the moment of force peak;
the second mode of the pavement system bulge failure: before the material is damaged, the paving material and the bridge deck plate generate debonding failure firstly, the interface fracture energy parameter needs to be calculated under the condition, force-time data and displacement-time data are obtained according to the test of a test device, and the interface fracture energy calculation process is as follows:
according to the Pascal principle, the pressure intensity in the closed pressurizing oil path is equal everywhere, and the force-time data F (t) of the MTS fatigue testing machine can be converted into the pressure intensity-time data q (t) borne by the pavement material according to the following formula:
q(t)＝F(t)/A
the mat material is subjected to a uniform axisymmetric load during the bulge pressurization process, so that the mat material debonding in the test can be handled as a disk interface fracture problem, the interface fracture energy of which can be calculated according to the formula given below (1978, e.h. andrews):
Figure BDA0001341406580000121
in the formula, qmaxFor the time t of debonding of paving material1The corresponding pressure value is also the peak value of the measured pressure curve under the condition; e (t)1) The modulus of elasticity at the moment of debonding.
The bridge deck slab of the pavement material is well bonded before the pressure-time curve is reduced in the bulge pressurizing process, the stress behavior of the pavement material at this stage is processed according to the problem that a circular plate bears uniform axisymmetric load, and the deflection at the central point of the pavement material meets the following equation according to the deflection equation of a first-order shear deformation plate:
Figure BDA0001341406580000122
the modulus of elasticity of the paving material at the debonding critical moment can be obtained according to the formula:
Figure BDA0001341406580000123
the interfacial fracture energy can be calculated by substituting the elastic modulus at the time of debonding into the above equation.
Bulge failure mode of paving systemSecondly, when the paving material is debonded from the bridge deck, the paving material is continuously loaded and still has tensile failure at a certain moment, the pressure curve is instantaneously dropped, and the MTI-3D structural deformation measurement system at the moment of instantaneous drop of pressure acquires the tensile strain at the midpoint of the paving material as the material bulge damage strain epsilonfAnd (4) parameters.
From the above, it can be seen that the two mechanical parameters of the present invention destroy strain εfAnd the accuracy of the calculation of the interfacial fracture energy G, depend primarily on the accuracy of the measurement device developed.
The invention aims at testing the mechanical parameters of the bulge forming process of the bridge deck pavement material, is suitable for simulating bulge forming of the bridge deck pavement material and evaluating the bulge resistance of different pavement systems:
the MTS loading system is adopted to apply the load with controllable displacement rate to the test piece, the advantages of high MTS loading testing precision and large loading range are fully utilized, and meanwhile, the MTS loading system is widely applied in laboratories in the field, so that the independent loading system does not need to be developed in the patent, and the MTS loading system is convenient to popularize and apply.
The MTI-3D non-contact full-field displacement measurement system can overcome the problem that a sensor generates interference during the measurement of the surface displacement of the test piece in the past, can monitor the deformation process of each point in the bulge range of the test piece along with time, and overcomes the defect of the single-point deformation measurement in the past.
The invention can test the mechanical parameters obtained in the bulge forming process of different bridge decks (cement concrete bridge decks and steel bridge decks), different stages (construction stages and operation stages), different types of waterproof bonding layers (spraying type, coiled material type and mixed material type) and different types of paving materials (AC, SMA, casting type and epoxy type) by preparing different types of test pieces.
The invention can fully simulate the bulge forming process of different types of waterproof bonding layers in the construction stage of a bridge deck pavement system, and can comparatively evaluate the bulge disease resistance of different waterproof bonding layers. Meanwhile, the bulge forming process of different paving structures in the operation stage of the bridge deck paving system can be fully simulated, and the bulge disease resistance of different paving materials can be relatively evaluated.
The invention can compare the mechanical parameter characteristics of the bulge forming process of the bridge deck pavement material under different temperature and humidity conditions through the temperature and humidity setting function in the environment box.
The invention has good test reproducibility, and can carry out repeated tests on the bulge forming process under the same paving system. The test device is convenient to disassemble and move, can be quickly assembled and used in different laboratories, and is easy to popularize and apply.

Claims (2)

1. A bridge deck asphalt pavement bulge diffusion process mechanical parameter testing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) manufacturing a test piece with a central hole, spraying white matte paint on the surface of the test piece, and then spraying black matte paint to form speckles on the surface of the test piece;
2) placing a test piece in the environment box (2), fixing the test piece on the test piece fixing frame (3), and connecting a central hole of the test piece with an output oil pipe (28);
3) setting the temperature and the humidity in the environment box (2), and heating and humidifying the environment box (2) to reach a test set value;
4) adjusting the position and the angle of a camera (6), starting an MTI-3D structure deformation measuring system (5), calibrating a measuring instrument by using a calibration plate, continuously laying and shooting 4-6 test piece surface pictures, and automatically compensating errors by the system;
5) starting an MTS fatigue testing machine, and driving a pressurizing oil cylinder (4) to inject hydraulic oil into the test piece in a constant displacement rate loading mode; the MTS fatigue testing machine automatically acquires the change F (t) of force along with time, and meanwhile, the MTI-3D structure deformation measuring system (5) acquires the deformation of the surface profile of the test piece, so that the deformation data of each point on the surface of the test piece along with time is obtained;
6) according to the Pascal principle, force-time data F (t) are converted into pressure-time data q (t) borne by the pavement material according to the following formula:
q(t)＝F(t)/A
in the formula, A is the area inside the pressurizing oil cylinder;
if the material is broken by tension to generate cracks, the pressurized oil in the test piece is not in a closed state any more, the pressure intensity-time curve is instantly reduced, and the MTI-3D structure deformation measurement system (5) corresponding to the moment with the maximum pressure intensity is used for acquiring the tensile strain at the central point of the pavement material as a breaking strain parameter;
if the pressure intensity-time curve shows slow decline firstly and then the paving material is damaged by pulling, calculating the interfacial fracture energy parameter according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0002882500890000011
Figure FDA0002882500890000012
in the formula, G is the interfacial fracture energy, t1For the moment when the pressure curve peaks, qmaxIs t1Time pressure value, E (t)1) Is t1The loose modulus of the pavement material at the moment, h is the thickness of the pavement material of the test piece, a is the radius of a round hole in the middle of the test piece, and d (t)1) Is t1The deflection of the central point of the pavement material at any moment, wherein v is the Poisson ratio of the material; and meanwhile, the tensile strain at the central point of the paving material is acquired by a material failure time MTI-3D structure deformation measurement system (5) and is used as a failure strain parameter.
2. The method for testing the mechanical parameters of the bridge deck asphalt pavement bulge diffusion process according to claim 1, wherein the step of manufacturing the test piece in the step 1) comprises the following steps: 1) placing the mixed cement concrete into a track slab, placing the track slab on a vibration table, continuously vibrating for 3-5 min, placing a steel cylinder with the height larger than the thickness of a test piece at the center of the cement concrete in the vibrating process, taking the cylinder out of a concrete slab after the concrete is initially set, thereby forming a center hole, and curing the concrete slab to simulate a cement concrete bridge deck; or manufacturing a steel plate with a central hole to simulate a steel bridge deck;
2) filling a central hole of the test piece with a steel cylinder, wherein the upper surface of the steel cylinder is flush with the upper surface of the cement board or the steel plate, and coating an asphalt separant on the surface of the steel cylinder;
3) laying the waterproof bonding layer material on the surface of a cement concrete slab or a steel plate; after the waterproof bonding layer is cooled to form strength, slowly taking away the cylinder in the central hole, and preparing a test piece with the waterproof bonding layer and a non-bonding area so as to simulate the waterproof bonding layer with non-bonding defects on the bridge deck in the construction process; or after the waterproof bonding layer is cooled to form strength, paving and compacting the asphalt mixture for the bridge deck on the concrete slab or the steel plate, and slowly taking away the inner cylinder of the central hole after the paving mixture is cooled to form strength, so that a test piece with a non-adhesive area on the bridge deck pavement layer is prepared, and a paving system with the non-adhesive defect on the bridge deck in the operation process is simulated.
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