CN107326382A - A kind of method of electrolytic preparation cuprous oxide powder under the conditions of low-temperature environment-friendly - Google Patents
A kind of method of electrolytic preparation cuprous oxide powder under the conditions of low-temperature environment-friendly Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of the electrolytic preparation cuprous oxide powder under the conditions of low-temperature environment-friendly, using copper plate as anode and negative electrode, using glucose/calcium gluconae as complex additive, in the Am of current density 1000‑2, the gL of sodium chloride concentration 250‑1, the gL of naoh concentration 1.0‑1, the gL of concentration of sodium carbonate 2.0‑1, glucose/calcium gluconae(Mol ratio 1:5~10)The gL of concentration 3.0‑1, electrolyte temperature 60oC, electrolysis time under the conditions of 2 ~ 6 hours, the cuprous oxide powder that disposable average grain diameter is 1.6 ~ 1.8 μm is prepared by diaphragm-free electrolysis method with the lower ageing treatment time of nitrogen protection in 2 hours.Its production technology is easy to scale amplification, raw material environmental protection, production cost is low, energy consumption is low, efficiency high, and product cut size is evenly distributed, color controllable, with good prospects for commercial application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Inorganic Chemicals cuprous oxide powder and preparation method thereof, more particularly to suitable for applying
Material and electronic material cuprous oxide powder and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Cuprous oxide is a kind of red or yellow industrial chemicals and product, is the important p-type semiconductor material of a class, generally
The octahedral cubic system cuprous oxide powder of crystal type is rendered as red or orange-yellow.But cuprous oxide is sometimes because different systems
Different colors can be presented from different grain sizes in standby means.Cuprous oxide heat endurance is very strong(Decomposition temperature 1800
oC), cuprous oxide is highly stable in the dry air of room temperature, but is easily oxidized in malaria the oxidation of black
Copper, cuprous oxide is also easily reduced into metallic copper.
Cuprous oxide powder purposes is widely.Coatings industry is used as marine antifouling priming paint, coating, bactericide, copper ion
In the thin layer of coating surface formation toxic solution, it is possible to decrease the activation that apoenzyme is metabolized to biological life in living organism, from
And reach antifouling purpose.Glass industry is used as red glass and red enamel colouring agent.Agricultural is used as bactericide, feed addictive;
Agricultural chemicals is can be used as, is the specific pesticide for the false smut for preventing and treating paddy rice.Cuprous oxide is due to semiconductor property, can be used as
Rectifier material, photoelectron transition material, ballast material, the electrode etc. of electronics gas sensor limit and battery.Cuprous oxide
It is used as the additive of anti extreme pressure heavy load grease in machinery industry;It is used as heating medicament on medical health care products and in ring
Guarantor field is used for catalytic oxidation of sulphur dioxide, it is also possible to make solar cell.Cuprous oxide also acts as plastic and glass table
Face is material modified and organic industry catalyst etc., is also with a wide range of applications in terms of photocatalysis.
The preparation of cuprous oxide will be more ripe, and the conventional cuprous oxide in the country is mainly dry method, wet method and electrolysis
Deng.Dry method is also known as sintering process or solid phase method, is exactly pre-mixed solid copper powder and cupric oxide powder, is heated in incinerator
To 800 ~ 900oC high-temperature calcinations reaction.Energy consumption is for example, reduced, patent CN104150522A is disclosed under 600oC in electricity roasting
The method that confined reaction prepares cuprous oxide powder in 6 hours in stove.But, reducing agent is made with copper powder and consolidated with solid oxidation copper
Phase reaction, which exists, reacts the inherent defect such as uneven, not thorough, thus obtained cuprous oxide powder purity is relatively low, past in product
It is past to contain copper and cupric oxide impurity, it is difficult to remove.This result is mainly unbalanced by sintering sufficiently complete or course of reaction
Cause.It is uncontrollable also to there is granularity in the cuprous powder of dry oxidation(Depending on the granularity of raw material copper powder and cupric oxide powder), it is easy to
It is hardened, the shortcomings of be difficult to scattered.Meanwhile, the dry technology for production production cycle is long(72 h), equipment complexity, high energy consumption, yield it is inclined
It is low.Therefore, roasting method prepares cuprous oxide powder developed country receives very big limitation abroad, although to prepare oxidation sub- for the method
Copper powders yield accounts for 80 more than % of China's cuprous oxide total amount.
In recent years, the cuprous oxide powder obtained by wet-chemical reducing process is because its particle diameter is small, purity is high, dispersive property is good,
Increasingly paid attention to.Current common preparation method can be divided into sulphite, azanol, rongalite, copper according to the difference of reducing agent
Powder, zinc powder, hydrothermal reduction method etc. are several, are all to reduce the copper ion in solution and obtain cuprous oxide.For example, patent
CN104591257A discloses one kind with gelatin/neopelex(Mass ratio 1:1)For compounding dispersant, sodium sulfite
Under conditions of reducing agent, reaction temperature 60-100oC, the method for preparing the micro-nano cuprous oxide powder of cube.Patent
CN1305772C disclose one kind by inhibitor of polyvinylpyrrolidone, lauryl sodium sulfate be dispersant, hydrazine hydrate be
Reducing agent and pH value are the method for preparing the nano cuprous oxide powder end that particle diameter is 10 ~ 100 nm under the conditions of 6.8 ~ 7.2.
Patent CN103842295B discloses a kind of chemical reduction method using glucose as reducing agent and prepares average primary particle diameter less than 0.4
The method of μm cuprous oxide.And patent CN102190327A uses copper sulphate, copper chloride, copper nitrate, hydroxide copper sludge and oxygen chlorine
Change the reducing agent reduction reactions such as the copper-containing compounds such as copper and metallic copper into stannous chloride, then it is sub- with sodium hydroxide reaction generation oxidation
Copper.Sum it up, although wet method is partially improved to dry method, there is also once through yield is low, production cost is high, environment
Pollute, consumption is high and is difficult to the shortcomings of industry is amplified.For example on earlier industry prepare cuprous oxide powder using method of glucose reduction
End, because cost is high, deficiency in economic performance, is gradually calcined method in the eighties in last century and is replaced.Although hydrothermal reduction method is well
Overcome high temperature and prepare inevitable reunion, its product has powder thin (nanoscale), purity height, good dispersion, crystal formation good
And the advantages of controlled shape, but hydrothermal reduction method needs the closed container in HTHP to be reacted, and there is industrial amplification
Difficulty is big, high energy consumption and the high problem of production cost.
Electrolysis because with production procedure is short, simple to operate, energy consumption and production cost is relatively low, substantially pollution-free, product matter
Amount is excellent, the features such as be suitable for industrialized production, and developed country is rapidly developed abroad in recent years, at present in Japan, beautiful
The country such as state, Germany cuprous oxide powder generally uses electrolysis technique.The reaction principle of electrolysis is as follows:
Anode reaction(The dissolving of copper)
Cu+Cl- → (CuCl-1) adsorbs (1)
(CuCl-1) absorption+(n-1) Cl--e → (CuCln1-n) (n=2,3) (2)
Cathode reaction(The generation of hydrogen)
2H2O + 2e → H2 ↑ + 2OH- (3)
Hydrolytic precipitation reacts
CuCln1-n + 2OH- → Cu(OH)2- + nCl- (4)
2Cu(OH)2- → Cu2O + H2O + 2OH- (5)
During electrolytic preparation cuprous oxide, it is in largely spongiform metallic copper that negative electrode, which can be produced, causes cuprous oxide matter
Amount is inferior.Industrially, solve negative electrode copper sponge and separate out problem, generally using plus barrier film or exacerbation chromate or chromate come
Suppress copper sponge to separate out in negative electrode.But, in diaphragm-free electrolysis method there is meeting polluted water in chromic salts in waste water.Meanwhile, at present
Electrolyte temperature is 90 ~ 95oC in diaphragm-free electrolysis method technique, reaction engineering, and temperature is too high, one side electrolyte evaporation loss
Increase, makes working condition severe, causes labor intensity to increase, on the other hand, and energy expenditure is excessive, and product cost rises;And
Because electrolyte boiling causes bottom of electrolytic tank bubbling, the cuprous oxide of trench bottom is taken to electrolyte surface, so that oxidation
The cuprous cupric oxide for being oxidised with air to black, product quality is affected.Therefore, how to reduce electrolysis and prepare oxidation Asia
The reaction temperature of copper and chromic acid salt additives are replaced to be core problem that state's internal electrolysis runs into using environmental-protection additive.
The C of patent CN 1259454 disclose a kind of electrolytic preparation method of nanoscale cuprous oxide, by metallic copper anodes
Be electrolysed in the electrolyte containing acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran, add the quaternary ammonium salt of chain alkyl to saturation, in electrolyte acetonitrile with
The volume ratio of tetrahydrofuran is 3 ~ 5:1, the volume ratio of water and tetrahydrofuran is 0 ~ 1.5:1, it can be made average grain diameter < 50nm's
Cuprous oxide.Cuprous oxide patent is prepared from published electrolysis different, the present invention prepares oxidation for industrial electrolysis
The electrolyte temperature height and the big problem of additive toxicity of cuprous presence, electrolytic preparation is aoxidized under the conditions of proposing a kind of low-temperature environment-friendly
The new technology of cuprous powder.Under the conditions of electrolyte temperature is 60oC and glucose/calcium gluconae complex additive, in alkalescence
Cell reaction and burin-in process are carried out in solution, averagely disposable 1.6 ~ 1.8 μm of cuprous oxide powders of particle diameter are prepared.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcomings of that above-mentioned current industrial electrolysis prepares cuprous oxide powder production technology, the present invention is proposed
A kind of new production process for preparing cuprous oxide powder by electrolysis under low temperature, environmental protection condition.Skill of the present invention
Art scheme is:Using copper plate as negative electrode and anode, glucose/gluconic acid calcium compound mol ratio 1:5 ~ 10 be compounding addition
Agent, alkaline sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate mixture are electrolyte, and constant-current electrolysis reaction is carried out under cryogenic,
And make cuprous oxide granular grows by extending ageing treatment time, eventually pass washing and be dried in vacuo, cuprous oxide is made
Powder.
The present invention, for cathode material, is with graphite, platinum electrode for being used in copper plate rather than current industrial electrolysis etc.
Because copper has good electric conductivity, mechanicalness and chemical stability, particularly copper plate not only cheap as negative electrode, and
It is easy to washing to update.Used with the glucose of environmental protection/calcium gluconae complex additive instead of traditional industry electrolysis(Weight)
Chromate, can suppress cuprous oxide mainly due to weak reductant glucose and be oxidized to cupric oxide, and calcium gluconae then presses down
The production of negative electrode copper sponge processed;Meanwhile, calcium gluconae makees additive compared with sodium dichromate additive, is not only able to reduction electricity
Energy consumption is solved, and continuous electrolysis can be carried out for a long time without as the timing of sodium dichromate additive is supplemented.It is even more important
, glucose/calcium gluconae complex additive is environmental protection electrolysis additive, in the absence of water pollution problems.In low temperature
Under the conditions of occur cell reaction prepare cuprous oxide particle, make granular grows by extending ageing treatment time, it is ensured that low temperature
The size and color of cuprous oxide powder under electrolytic condition.
Electrolysis electrode material of the present invention is C1100/T2 copper plates of 99.9% purity.The copper plate is by having
The surface treatment of machine solvent and inorganic acid washing by soaking, can be also surface-treated to the red copper net using other modes, gone
Except copper plate surface grease and oxide layer, in favor of the cell reaction of next step.
Cryogenic conditions of the present invention refer to that electrolytic process neutral and alkali electrolyte temperature is 60oC.Described environmental protection condition
Refer to glucose/calcium gluconae complex additive beneficial to environmental protection and separated out and cupric oxide life to suppress negative electrode copper sponge
Production.The molar ratio of glucose/calcium gluconae complex additive is 1:5~1:10, concentration is 3.0 g L-1 in electrolytic process.
Alkaline electrolyte of the present invention, is the g L-1 sodium chloride solutions of the concentration 250 addition g L-1 hydrogen-oxygens of concentration 1.0
Change sodium and the g L-1 sodium carbonate mol/L of concentration 2.0 is constituted, electrolyte ph is 10 ~ 12.The addition of above-mentioned salt compounds is not
But anodic passivity can be reduced, tank voltage is reduced, the electric energy of reduction electrolysis technique expends, and sodium chloride adds and is conducive to adding
The dissolving of fast copper forms a valence state copper ion;Sodium hydroxide, which is added, is conducive to precipitation to form cuprous oxide particle.Other halide salts
Such as potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, sodium fluoride and hydroxide such as potassium hydroxide can also be used for cell reaction as alkaline electrolyte
During prepare cuprous oxide.It is worth noting that, too high containing sodium hydroxide and concentration of sodium carbonate in electrolyte, electrolysate face
Discoloration is dark red, causes the increase of divalence copper content, anodic passivity aggravation.Electrolyte impurity content is high also easily to produce anodic passivity.
Electrolysis process of the present invention, refer to dc source export constant current, using the copper plate of area equation as
Yin, yang electrode, interelectrode distance is 5 ~ 10 centimetres, and without barrier film between electrode, cell reaction is carried out under nitrogen protection;The perseverance
It is institute's electrolytic copper plate copper product and current density product to determine the size of electric current, and current density is 1000 A cm-2.The cell reaction time
For 2 hours, ageing treatment time was 2 ~ 6 hours under nitrogen protection after electrolysis.
Ageing process of the present invention, refers to that electrolytically generated cuprous oxide particle is protected in electrolytic cell in nitrogen
Under, pass through Ostwald(Ostwald)The process that effect is gradually grown up, so that it is small to change low-temperature electrolytic product particle size, glues
Property is strong, it is difficult to filter, cuprous oxide coloured product is regulated and controled especially by particle diameter change.
Nitrogen protection in cell reaction of the present invention and ageing process refers to nitrogen with 1.0 ~ 2.0 m3 h-1
Flow is passed through in electrolyte, the MPa of nitrogen pressure≤0.2, to protect cuprous oxide product to be oxidized to cupric oxide, meanwhile, promote
Mass transfer during cell reaction, reduction concentration polarization phenomenon influence.
Cuprous oxide product washing of the present invention and drying process, refer to be carried out clearly with a large amount of deionized waters and ethanol
Wash, be that 85 ~ 105oC is done in temperature then in vacuum≤10kPa oven dryings by the salinity washes clean in product
Dry 24 hours.
Compared with electrolysis in current industrial prepares cuprous oxide powder technique, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows electrolysis liquid temperature
Degree is low, not only improves execute-in-place condition and reduces energy consumption, and replaces potassium bichromate or chromium using environmental protection compound additive
Sour potassium, reduces the pollution destruction to environment.Production technology proposed by the present invention also has that production cost is low, be easy to industry puts
Greatly, product cut size be evenly distributed, the advantage such as color controllable, prospects for commercial application has a high potential.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is to scheme by the cuprous oxide powder SEM of the method electrolytic preparation of embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 is the cuprous oxide powder XRD spectra by the method electrolytic preparation of embodiment 1;
Fig. 3 is the cuprous oxide powder grain size distribution by the method electrolytic preparation of embodiment 1;
Fig. 4 is disposably to be averaged grain by electrolytic preparation cuprous oxide powder under the conditions of the different ageing treatment time of the method for embodiment 2
Footpath distribution map.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in order to which one of ordinary skill in the art are to disclosed in this invention
The production technology that low-temperature environment-friendly electrolysis prepares cuprous oxide powder understands.
Embodiment 1:Electrolytic preparation cuprous oxide powder under the conditions of low-temperature environment-friendly
A) cut 12 × 4 centimetres of copper plate is pre-processed, be separately immersed in first acetone, absolute ethyl alcohol and
Supersound washing in 15 minutes is respectively carried out in deionized water, to remove the oil stain of red copper plate surface;Then it is immersed in 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid
In 30 minutes, remove the oxide layer on copper mesh surface;
B) area identical copper plate will be pre-processed as anode and negative electrode, red copper plate electrode is fixed in electrolytic cell and connects steady
Current stabilization dc source is pressed, electrode spacing is 5 ~ 10 centimetres, 6 centimetres of height in copper plate immersion solution, without barrier film between electrode, alkalescence
The sodium carbonate of sodium chloride, the g L-1 of concentration 1.0 sodium hydroxide and the g L-1 of concentration 2.0 that electrolyte is the g L-1 of concentration 250
The mixed liquor of composition, pH value is 10 ~ 12, glucose/calcium gluconae complex additive(Mol ratio 1:5)Concentration is 3.0 g L-
1, control cell reaction temperature in 60oC by water bath with thermostatic control, nitrogen is passed through in electrolyte with 1.0 ~ 2.0 m3 h-1 flows,
In the case of current density is 1000 A cm-2 constant current, cell reaction 2 hours is persistently carried out, cuprous oxide is prepared
Grain.
C) electrolytic preparation cuprous oxide particle is collected by filtration, is then utilized respectively a large amount of deionized waters and anhydrous second
Alcohol cleaning removes salt component that may be present in cuprous oxide product, and circulation is filtered, washing operation, until in cleaning solution
Sodium ions content is less than 10 ppm.Finally, it will be done in vacuum≤10kPa oven dryings in temperature for 85 ~ 105oC
Dry 24 hours, so as to obtain cuprous oxide powder.
The cuprous oxide powder obtained through above-mentioned steps is subjected to SEM tests, as shown in figure 1, oxidation prepared by electrolysis
Cuprous particle is perfect octahedral crystal, and particle size is between 1 ~ 3 μm.Further utilize crystalline substances of the XRD to cuprous oxide particle
Body structure, XRD spectra shown in Fig. 2 show all diffraction maximums of product with cuprous oxide centroid cubic crystal system Cu2O
(JCPDS card No. 05-667)Corresponding, each diffraction peak intensity is stronger, and peak width is narrower and has no other impurities peak, shows electricity
Cuprous oxide crystallinity prepared by solution is good, and crystal is purer.Fig. 3 gives the cuprous oxide powder determined using laser particle analyzer
The particle size distribution figure at end, the disposable average grain diameter of cuprous oxide powder prepared by electrolysis of the present invention is 1.72 μm.
Embodiment 2:Cuprous oxide powder prepared by cell reaction combination burin-in process
Cell reaction 2 hours is carried out under the identical electrolytic condition of embodiment 1, then in the guarantor of 1.0 ~ 2.0 m3 h-1 flow nitrogen
Under shield, constant temperature 60oC carries out different time such as 2, the burin-in process of 4 and 6 hours;Obtained cuprous oxide particle is by filtering, washing
Wash and drying process, it is identical with the operating method of embodiment 1 and condition.
Cuprous oxide powder, which is obtained, by above-mentioned steps carries out granularity and color detection.With prolonging for ageing treatment time
Long, cuprous oxide powder becomes salmon pink by kermesinus.The oxidation for testing different ageing treatment times using laser particle analyzer is sub-
Copper powders particle diameter distribution, as shown in figure 4, the disposable average grain diameter of particle gradually increases with the extension of ageing treatment time.
Therefore, the color control of cuprous oxide powder is realized by controlling cuprous oxide particle diameter.
Unreceipted particular technique or condition in embodiment, according to the technology or condition in the pertinent literature of this area, or ginseng
Carried out according to product description.Agents useful for same or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, are that can be produced by the routine of acquisition purchased in market
Product.
It is necessary herein it is emphasized that embodiment is that the present invention will be further described, it is impossible to be interpreted as to this
The limitation of invention protection domain.One of ordinary skill in the art, the non-intrinsically safe made according to the above of the present invention to the present invention
Modifications and adaptations, should still fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method of the electrolytic preparation cuprous oxide powder under the conditions of low-temperature environment-friendly, it is characterised in that:In low temperature 60oC conditions
Under, added using copper plate as yin, yang electrode, using alkaline electrolyte, by compounding of glucose/calcium gluconae mixed solution
Agent, current density be 1000 Am2Direct current and nitrogen protective condition under occur diaphragm-free electrolysis reaction and aging at
Reason, generates the cuprous oxide particle that disposable average grain diameter is 1.6 ~ 1.8 μm, eventually passes washing and is dried in vacuo, obtains oxygen
Change cuprous powder.
2. the method for electrolytic preparation cuprous oxide powder under the conditions of low-temperature environment-friendly according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Glucose/calcium gluconae mol ratio 1 in the glucose/calcium gluconae mixed solution:5-1:10, mixed solution concentration
3.0 g·L-1。
3. the method for electrolytic preparation cuprous oxide under the conditions of low-temperature environment-friendly according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Yin, yang electrode is with the copper plate that copper plate is purity 99.9%.
4. the method for electrolytic preparation cuprous oxide powder under the conditions of the low-temperature environment-friendly according to claim 1 or 3, its feature exists
In the copper plate passes through the surface treatment of organic solvent and inorganic acid washing by soaking.
5. the method for electrolytic preparation cuprous oxide powder under the conditions of low-temperature environment-friendly according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The alkaline electrolyte be sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate mixed solution, or sodium chloride solution addition potassium hydroxide
With the mixed solution of sodium carbonate, electrolyte ph is 10 ~ 12.
6. the method for electrolytic preparation cuprous oxide under the conditions of low-temperature environment-friendly according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Electrolysis is to export constant current density by dc source, and using the copper plate of area equation as yin, yang electrode, interelectrode distance is
Without barrier film between 5 ~ 10 cm, electrode, cell reaction is carried out under nitrogen protection.
7. the method for electrolytic preparation cuprous oxide under the conditions of low-temperature environment-friendly according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
The cell reaction time is 2 hours, and ageing treatment time is 2 ~ 6 hours under nitrogen protection after electrolysis.
8. the method for electrolytic preparation cuprous oxide under the conditions of low-temperature environment-friendly according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Nitrogen protection is nitrogen with 1.0 ~ 2.0 m3·h-1Flow is passed through in electrolyte, the MPa of nitrogen pressure≤0.2.
9. the method for electrolytic preparation cuprous oxide under the conditions of low-temperature environment-friendly according to claim 1, it is characterised in that oxidation
The washing of cuprous particle with vacuum drying is fully washed with deionized water and ethanol, in the kPa oven dryings of vacuum≤10,
Drying temperature is 85 ~ 105oC。
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Citations (5)
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JPH03180481A (en) * | 1989-12-07 | 1991-08-06 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | Production of copper oxide powder by electrolysis |
CN1807688A (en) * | 2005-12-20 | 2006-07-26 | 厦门大学 | Process for preparing shape controllable cuprous oxide micro/nano crystal by electrochemical deposition |
CN104591256A (en) * | 2015-01-12 | 2015-05-06 | 广东光华科技股份有限公司 | Method for preparing cuprous oxide in copper chloride system |
CN105483743A (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2016-04-13 | 江苏泰禾金属工业有限公司 | Device and method for preparing cuprous oxide through electrolysis |
CN106379927A (en) * | 2016-11-13 | 2017-02-08 | 陈圆圆 | High-purity cuprous oxide preparation method |
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2017
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JPH03180481A (en) * | 1989-12-07 | 1991-08-06 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | Production of copper oxide powder by electrolysis |
CN1807688A (en) * | 2005-12-20 | 2006-07-26 | 厦门大学 | Process for preparing shape controllable cuprous oxide micro/nano crystal by electrochemical deposition |
CN105483743A (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2016-04-13 | 江苏泰禾金属工业有限公司 | Device and method for preparing cuprous oxide through electrolysis |
CN104591256A (en) * | 2015-01-12 | 2015-05-06 | 广东光华科技股份有限公司 | Method for preparing cuprous oxide in copper chloride system |
CN106379927A (en) * | 2016-11-13 | 2017-02-08 | 陈圆圆 | High-purity cuprous oxide preparation method |
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