CN107324790A - Forsterite-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials and its synthetic method - Google Patents
Forsterite-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials and its synthetic method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses forsterite-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials and its synthetic method, wherein, forsterite-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials, including forsterite phase and carborundum phase.The synthetic method of forsterite-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials, it comprises the following steps：(1) the first mixed powder is prepared；(2) mixed slurry is prepared；(3) granulation material is prepared；(4) finished product composite ceramics part is prepared.The present invention makes full use of that carborundum thermal conductivity is high, thermal coefficient of expansion is low, hardness is high and good thermal shock advantage, by the ratio for controlling forsterite and carborundum two-phase, can be made into it is a series of have the adjustable forsterite carbide composite ceramic of performance, its sinter molding ability, consistency and thermal shock resistance be far above forsterite ceramics；It is compared with silicon carbide ceramics again with technique is simple, sintering temperature is low, consistency is high and the low advantage of cost.
Description
Technical field：
The present invention relates to composite ceramic material and its synthetic method, more particularly to forsterite-carbide composite ceramic
Material and its synthetic method.
Background technology：
Forsterite (Mg2SiO4) there is higher fusing point, refractoriness under load and hardness, and high temperature resistance melt attack
The strong advantage of ability, is MgO-SiO2Most stable of compound in binary system.The forsterite ceramics of high-compactness can be used for
The occasion of direct contact corrosion, abrasion and high temperature is used in the industries such as mine, chemical industry, thermal power generation, machine-building, metallurgy, than
Such as convey, store corrosivity material oar, mineral grain material and high-temperature fusant.Because the special crystal structure of forsterite causes
It has larger thermal coefficient of expansion anisotropy, and sintering temperature interval is narrow, and ceramic body is easily produced and opened in sintering process
Split and deform, and be difficult to prepare using conventional sintering method the problem of ceramic dense degree is low and thermal shock resistance is not enough
The forsterite ceramics of high-compactness, limits the ceramic application.Therefore, forsterite is generally only made both at home and abroad at present
It is that refractory brick or castable are used.
The content of the invention：
First purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of sinter molding ability by force, consistency and the high magnesium of thermal shock resistance
Olivine-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials.
Second object of the present invention be to provide a kind of technique is simple, sintering temperature is low, cost is low forsterite-
The preparation method of silicon carbide composite ceramic materials.
First purpose of the present invention is implemented by following technical scheme：Forsterite-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials, its
Including forsterite phase and carborundum phase.
Described forsterite-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials, are prepared by the raw material of following mass percent：Carborundum
10-40%, magnesia 25-45%, quartz sand 15-35%, kaolin 2-8%, feldspar powder 2-8%, polyvinyl alcohol 3-5%, with
The mass percent sum of upper raw material is absolutely；Carbon powder content is the 2-5% of the carborundum quality.
Second object of the present invention is implemented by following technical scheme：The conjunction of forsterite-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials
Into method, it comprises the following steps：(1) the first mixed powder is prepared；(2) mixed slurry is prepared；(3) granulation material is prepared；(4) make
Standby finished product composite ceramic porcelain piece, wherein,
(1) the first mixed powder is prepared：Carborundum and carbon dust after pre-grinding 1-3 hours, are immersed into silicone oil in ball mill
(C6H18OSi2) in stirring 30-60 minute, the first mixed powder centrifuged out 80-120 DEG C dry 2-6 hours after, make
Silicone oil is transformed into fine and close amorphous silica film layer, is adhere tightly to the silicon carbide powder of Surface coating carbon dust, regrinding system
It is stand-by into the first mixed powder；
(2) mixed slurry is prepared：Magnesia, quartz sand, kaolin, feldspar powder, polyvinyl alcohol are loaded into ball milling in proportion
Machine, is then added and magnesia, quartz sand, kaolin, feldspar powder and polyvinyl alcohol dry powder gross mass identical water, ball milling 3-6
Hour, obtain mixed slurry；
(3) granulation material is prepared：First mixed powder is added in the mixed slurry, after stirring 1-3 hours, is made
Granulation material；
(4) finished product composite ceramics part is prepared：Pipe, pole, block is made in the granulation material under 60-120MPa pressure
The base substrate of body, sheet or arcuate shape, then sinters the base substrate 1-4 hours within the temperature range of 1200-1500 DEG C, with
Come out of the stove after stove cooling, obtain the complete finished product composite ceramic porcelain piece of shape.
Preparing the raw materials used mass percent of forsterite-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials is：Carborundum 10-40%,
Magnesia 25-45%, quartz sand 15-35%, kaolin 2-8%, feldspar powder 2-8%, polyvinyl alcohol 3-5%, above raw material
Mass percent sum is absolutely；Carbon powder content is the 2-5% of the carborundum quality.
The advantage of the invention is that：(1) make full use of that carborundum thermal conductivity is high, thermal coefficient of expansion is low, hardness is high and anti-
The good advantage of thermal shock resistance, by controlling the ratio of forsterite and carborundum two-phase, can be made into a series of adjustable with performance
Forsterite-carbide composite ceramic, its sinter molding ability, consistency and thermal shock resistance are far above forsterite ceramics；
It is compared with silicon carbide ceramics again with technique is simple, sintering temperature is low, consistency is high and the low advantage of cost；(2) carborundum
Powder is dispersed in ceramic powder, and chemical reaction occurs between magnesia, quartz sand, kaolin and feldspar powder and forms magnesium olive
During olive stone crystal, silicon-carbide particle can hinder the growth of olivine crystal, and it is brilliant to eliminate olivine by the rotation of particle again
Do not allow to be also easy to produce larger internal stress in the effect of anisotropy of volume expansion, base substrate, so as to reduce blank sintering tearing tendency；(3)
Silicone oil by drying process is transformed into the amorphous silica film layer of densification, is adhere tightly to the carborundum of Surface coating carbon dust
Powder.In sintering process, this fine and close and stable amorphous oxide silicon film and carbon dust has completely cut off carborundum and air
Contact, slows down the oxidized speed of carborundum.And this purity very high membranous layer of silicon oxide participates in reaction and forms forsterite
Time is postponed, and helps to form good interface cohesion with silicon-carbide particle, has for the intensity for improving composite ceramics
Important function；(4) while forsterite phase is formed, it is polynary that magnesia, quartz sand, kaolin, feldspar powder can react generation
Liquid phase, it can also fully soak the amorphous silica of silicon-carbide particle while olivine transformation and blank Densification is promoted
Clad, further blocks the catalytic oxidation of carborundum and gas, and ceramic consistency and phase composition is easily guaranteed that；(5) cold
But the anisotropic shrinkage of forsterite crystal in sintered product, drop have been extenuated in the presence of liquid phase again in the early stage of process, base substrate
Shrinkage stress and tearing tendency in low base substrate.Because ceramic component designs these spies with synthesis technique control aspect
Point so that the ceramics of synthesis have good combination property；(6) composite ceramic material of the present invention has abundant raw material, and cost is low
It is honest and clean, the simple advantage of technique.The ceramics are mainly made up of forsterite and carborundum phase, and the ratio of two-phase can be carbonized by increasing and decreasing
The content of silicon is adjusted.The apparent porosity of composite ceramics of the present invention is 5-10%, and bending strength is 100-160MPa, and Vickers is hard
Spend for 750-950HV, thermal coefficient of expansion is (3.5-4.8) × 10-6/℃。
Embodiment：
Embodiment 1：Forsterite-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials, is prepared by the raw material of following mass percent：Carbonization
Silicon 30%, magnesia 35%, quartz sand 22%, kaolin 6%, feldspar powder 4%, polyvinyl alcohol 3%, the quality hundred of above raw material
Divide than sum for absolutely；Carbon powder content is the 5% of carborundum quality.Forsterite-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials, bag
Include forsterite phase, carborundum phase, glass phase, spinelle and enstatite equal.
Embodiment 2：The synthetic method of 1 forsterite of embodiment-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials, it comprises the following steps：
(1) the first mixed powder is prepared；(2) mixed slurry is prepared；(3) granulation material is prepared；(4) finished product composite ceramics part is prepared, wherein,
(1) the first mixed powder is prepared：Carborundum and carbon dust after pre-grinding 1 hour, are stirred in ball mill in immersion silicone oil
Mix 30 minutes, the first mixed powder centrifuged out makes silicone oil be transformed into fine and close amorphous state oxygen after 120 DEG C dry 4 hours
SiClx film layer, is adhere tightly to the silicon carbide powder of Surface coating carbon dust, it is stand-by that the first mixed powder is made in regrinding；
(2) mixed slurry is prepared：Magnesia, quartz sand, kaolin, feldspar powder, polyvinyl alcohol are loaded into ball milling in proportion
Machine, is then added and magnesia, quartz sand, kaolin, feldspar powder and polyvinyl alcohol dry powder gross mass identical water, and ball milling 5 is small
When, obtain mixed slurry；
(3) granulation material is prepared：First mixed powder is added in the mixed slurry, after stirring 2 hours, is made and makes
Pellet；
(4) finished product composite ceramics part is prepared：The granulation material is made to the base substrate of tubulose under 120MPa pressure, then
The base substrate is sintered 1 hour within the temperature range of 1500 DEG C, come out of the stove after furnace cooling, the complete finished product of shape is obtained and is combined
Ceramic member.
Preparing the raw materials used mass percent of forsterite-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials is：Carborundum 30%, oxygen
Change magnesium 35%, quartz sand 22%, kaolin 6%, feldspar powder 4%, polyvinyl alcohol 3%, the mass percent sum of above raw material
For absolutely；Carbon powder content is the 5% of carborundum quality.
The apparent porosity of finished product composite ceramic porcelain piece is 5%, bending strength 160MPa, Vickers hardness 920HV, thermal coefficient of expansion
3.8×10-6/℃。
Embodiment 3：Forsterite-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials, is prepared by the raw material of following mass percent：Carbonization
Silicon 15%, magnesia 42%, quartz sand 30%, kaolin 8%, feldspar powder 2%, polyvinyl alcohol 3%, the quality hundred of above raw material
Divide than sum for absolutely；Carbon powder content is the 2.5% of carborundum quality.Forsterite-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials,
It is equal including forsterite phase, carborundum phase, glass phase, spinelle and enstatite.
Embodiment 4：The synthetic method of 3 forsterites of embodiment-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials, it comprises the following steps：
(1) the first mixed powder is prepared；(2) mixed slurry is prepared；(3) granulation material is prepared；(4) finished product composite ceramics part is prepared, wherein,
(1) the first mixed powder is prepared：Carborundum and carbon dust after pre-grinding 2 hours, are stirred in ball mill in immersion silicone oil
Mix 40 minutes, the first mixed powder centrifuged out makes silicone oil be transformed into fine and close amorphous state oxidation after 80 DEG C dry 6 hours
Silicon film, is adhere tightly to the silicon carbide powder of Surface coating carbon dust, it is stand-by that the first mixed powder is made in regrinding；
(2) mixed slurry is prepared：Magnesia, quartz sand, kaolin, feldspar powder, polyvinyl alcohol are loaded into ball milling in proportion
Machine, is then added and magnesia, quartz sand, kaolin, feldspar powder and polyvinyl alcohol dry powder gross mass identical water, and ball milling 6 is small
When, obtain mixed slurry；
(3) granulation material is prepared：First mixed powder is added in the mixed slurry, after stirring 1 hour, is made and makes
Pellet；
(4) finished product composite ceramics part is prepared：The granulation material is made to the base substrate of pole shape under 90MPa pressure, so
The base substrate is sintered 3 hours within the temperature range of 1300 DEG C afterwards, come out of the stove after furnace cooling, the complete finished product of shape is obtained and answers
Close ceramic member.
Preparing the raw materials used mass percent of forsterite-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials is：Carborundum 15%, oxygen
Change magnesium 42%, quartz sand 30%, kaolin 8%, feldspar powder 2%, polyvinyl alcohol 3%, the mass percent sum of above raw material
For absolutely；Carbon powder content is the 2.5% of carborundum quality.
The apparent porosity of finished product composite ceramic porcelain piece is 8%, bending strength 140MPa, Vickers hardness 800HV, thermal coefficient of expansion
4.3×10-6/℃。
Embodiment 5：Forsterite-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials, is prepared by the raw material of following mass percent：Carbonization
Silicon 25%, magnesia 36%, quartz sand 24%, kaolin 2%, feldspar powder 8%, polyvinyl alcohol 5%, the quality hundred of above raw material
Divide than sum for absolutely；Carbon powder content is the 2% of the carborundum quality.Forsterite-carbide composite ceramic material
Material, including forsterite phase, carborundum phase, glass phase, spinelle and enstatite are equal.
Embodiment 6：The synthetic method of 5 forsterites of embodiment-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials, it comprises the following steps：
(1) the first mixed powder is prepared；(2) mixed slurry is prepared；(3) granulation material is prepared；(4) finished product composite ceramics part is prepared, wherein,
(1) the first mixed powder is prepared：Carborundum and carbon dust after pre-grinding 3 hours, are stirred in ball mill in immersion silicone oil
Mix 60 minutes, the first mixed powder centrifuged out makes silicone oil be transformed into fine and close amorphous state oxygen after 120 DEG C dry 3 hours
SiClx film layer, is adhere tightly to the silicon carbide powder of Surface coating carbon dust, it is stand-by that the first mixed powder is made in regrinding；
(2) mixed slurry is prepared：Magnesia, quartz sand, kaolin, feldspar powder, polyvinyl alcohol are loaded into ball milling in proportion
Machine, is then added and magnesia, quartz sand, kaolin, feldspar powder and polyvinyl alcohol dry powder gross mass identical water, and ball milling 3 is small
When, obtain mixed slurry；
(3) granulation material is prepared：First mixed powder is added in the mixed slurry, after stirring 2 hours, is made and makes
Pellet；
(4) finished product composite ceramics part is prepared：The granulation material is made to the base substrate of bulk shape under 80MPa pressure,
Then the base substrate is sintered 4 hours within the temperature range of 1200 DEG C, come out of the stove after furnace cooling, obtain the complete finished product of shape
Composite ceramic porcelain piece.The apparent porosity of finished product composite ceramic porcelain piece is 10%, bending strength 100MPa, Vickers hardness 900HV, thermal expansion
Coefficient 3.9 × 10-6/℃。
Preparing the raw materials used mass percent of forsterite-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials is：Carborundum 25%, oxygen
Change magnesium 36%, quartz sand 24%, kaolin 2%, feldspar powder 8%, polyvinyl alcohol 5%, the mass percent sum of above raw material
For absolutely；Carbon powder content is the 2% of the carborundum quality.
Embodiment 7：Forsterite-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials, is prepared by the raw material of following mass percent：Carbonization
Silicon 40%, magnesia 28%, quartz sand 15%, kaolin 7%, feldspar powder 6%, polyvinyl alcohol 4%, the quality hundred of above raw material
Divide than sum for absolutely；Carbon powder content is the 4% of the carborundum quality.Forsterite-carbide composite ceramic material
Material, including forsterite phase, carborundum phase, glass phase, spinelle and enstatite are equal.
Embodiment 8：The synthetic method of 7 forsterites of embodiment-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials, it comprises the following steps：
(1) the first mixed powder is prepared；(2) mixed slurry is prepared；(3) granulation material is prepared；(4) finished product composite ceramics part is prepared, wherein,
(1) the first mixed powder is prepared：Carborundum and carbon dust after pre-grinding 2 hours, are stirred in ball mill in immersion silicone oil
Mix 60 minutes, the first mixed powder centrifuged out makes silicone oil be transformed into fine and close amorphous state oxygen after 110 DEG C dry 5 hours
SiClx film layer, is adhere tightly to the silicon carbide powder of Surface coating carbon dust, it is stand-by that the first mixed powder is made in regrinding；
(2) mixed slurry is prepared：Magnesia, quartz sand, kaolin, feldspar powder, polyvinyl alcohol are loaded into ball milling in proportion
Machine, is then added and magnesia, quartz sand, kaolin, feldspar powder and polyvinyl alcohol dry powder gross mass identical water, and ball milling 3 is small
When, obtain mixed slurry；
(3) granulation material is prepared：First mixed powder is added in the mixed slurry, after stirring 1 hour, is made and makes
Pellet；
(4) finished product composite ceramics part is prepared：Flake shaped base substrate is made in the granulation material under 100MPa pressure, then will
Base substrate is sintered 3.5 hours within the temperature range of 1400 DEG C, is come out of the stove after furnace cooling, obtains the complete finished product composite ceramics of shape
Part.The apparent porosity of finished product composite ceramic porcelain piece is 6%, bending strength 145MPa, Vickers hardness 950HV, thermal coefficient of expansion 3.5 ×
10-6/℃。
Preparing the raw materials used mass percent of forsterite-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials is：Carborundum 40%, oxygen
Change magnesium 28%, quartz sand 15%, kaolin 7%, feldspar powder 6%, polyvinyl alcohol 4%, the mass percent sum of above raw material
For absolutely；Carbon powder content is the 4% of the carborundum quality.
Embodiment 9：Forsterite-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials, is prepared by the raw material of following mass percent：Carbonization
Silicon 10%, magnesia 45%, quartz sand 35%, kaolin 4%, feldspar powder 3%, polyvinyl alcohol 3%, the quality hundred of above raw material
Divide than sum for absolutely；Carbon powder content is the 2% of carborundum quality.Forsterite-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials, bag
Include forsterite phase, carborundum phase, glass phase, spinelle and enstatite equal.
Embodiment 10：The synthetic method of 9 forsterites of embodiment-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials, it includes following step
Suddenly：(1) the first mixed powder is prepared；(2) mixed slurry is prepared；(3) granulation material is prepared；(4) finished product composite ceramics part is prepared, its
In,
(1) the first mixed powder is prepared：Carborundum and carbon dust after pre-grinding 1 hour, are stirred in ball mill in immersion silicone oil
Mix 30 minutes, the first mixed powder centrifuged out makes silicone oil be transformed into fine and close amorphous state oxygen after 120 DEG C dry 2 hours
SiClx film layer, is adhere tightly to the silicon carbide powder of Surface coating carbon dust, it is stand-by that the first mixed powder is made in regrinding；
(2) mixed slurry is prepared：Magnesia, quartz sand, kaolin, feldspar powder, polyvinyl alcohol are loaded into ball milling in proportion
Machine, is then added and magnesia, quartz sand, kaolin, feldspar powder and polyvinyl alcohol dry powder gross mass identical water, and ball milling 3 is small
When, obtain mixed slurry；
(3) granulation material is prepared：First mixed powder is added in the mixed slurry, after stirring 3 hours, is made and makes
Pellet；
(4) finished product composite ceramics part is prepared：The granulation material is made to the base substrate of arcuate shape under 110MPa pressure,
Then base substrate is sintered 3 hours within the temperature range of 1300 DEG C, come out of the stove after furnace cooling, obtained the complete finished product of shape and be combined
Ceramic member.Finished product composite ceramic porcelain piece apparent porosity is 8%, bending strength 126MPa, Vickers hardness 750HV, thermal coefficient of expansion 4.8
×10-6/℃。
Preparing the raw materials used mass percent of forsterite-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials is：Carborundum 10%, oxygen
Change magnesium 45%, quartz sand 35%, kaolin 4%, feldspar powder 3%, polyvinyl alcohol 3%, the mass percent sum of above raw material
For absolutely；Carbon powder content is the 2% of carborundum quality.
Embodiment 11：Forsterite-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials, is prepared by the raw material of following mass percent：Carbonization
Silicon 20%, magnesia 40%, quartz sand 26%, kaolin 5%, feldspar powder 5%, polyvinyl alcohol 4%, the quality hundred of above raw material
Divide than sum for absolutely；Carbon powder content is the 3% of carborundum quality.Forsterite-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials, bag
Include forsterite phase, carborundum phase, glass phase, spinelle and enstatite equal.
Embodiment 12：The synthetic method of 11 forsterites of embodiment-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials, it includes following step
Suddenly：(1) the first mixed powder is prepared；(2) mixed slurry is prepared；(3) granulation material is prepared；(4) finished product composite ceramics part is prepared, its
In,
(1) the first mixed powder is prepared：Carborundum and carbon dust after pre-grinding 2 hours, are stirred in ball mill in immersion silicone oil
Mix 40 minutes, the first mixed powder centrifuged out makes silicone oil be transformed into fine and close amorphous state oxygen after 100 DEG C dry 4 hours
SiClx film layer, is adhere tightly to the silicon carbide powder of Surface coating carbon dust, it is stand-by that the first mixed powder is made in regrinding；
(2) mixed slurry is prepared：Magnesia, quartz sand, kaolin, feldspar powder, polyvinyl alcohol are loaded into ball milling in proportion
Machine, is then added and magnesia, quartz sand, kaolin, feldspar powder and polyvinyl alcohol dry powder gross mass identical water, and ball milling 4 is small
When, obtain mixed slurry；
(3) granulation material is prepared：First mixed powder is added in the mixed slurry, after stirring 2 hours, is made and makes
Pellet；
(4) finished product composite ceramics part is prepared：The granulation material is made to the base substrate of tubulose under 60MPa pressure, then
Base substrate is sintered 2.5 hours within the temperature range of 1350 DEG C, come out of the stove after furnace cooling, the complete finished product composite ceramic of shape is obtained
Porcelain piece.Finished product composite ceramic porcelain piece apparent porosity is 6%, bending strength 150MPa, Vickers hardness 780HV, thermal coefficient of expansion 4.0 ×
10-6/℃。
Preparing the raw materials used mass percent of forsterite-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials is：Carborundum 20%, oxygen
Change magnesium 40%, quartz sand 26%, kaolin 5%, feldspar powder 5%, polyvinyl alcohol 4%, the mass percent sum of above raw material
For absolutely；Carbon powder content is the 3% of carborundum quality.
Claims (4)
1. forsterite-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials, it is characterised in that it includes forsterite phase and carborundum phase.
2. forsterite-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials according to claim 1, it is characterised in that it is by following quality
It is prepared by the raw material of percentage：Carborundum 10-40%, magnesia 25-45%, quartz sand 15-35%, kaolin 2-8%, feldspar powder
2-8%, polyvinyl alcohol 3-5%, the mass percent sum of above raw material is absolutely；Carbon powder content is the silicon carbide
The 2-5% of amount.
3. the synthetic method of forsterite-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials, it is characterised in that it comprises the following steps：(1) make
Standby first mixed powder；(2) mixed slurry is prepared；(3) granulation material is prepared；(4) finished product composite ceramics part is prepared, wherein,
(1) the first mixed powder is prepared：Carborundum and carbon dust after pre-grinding 1-3 hours, are stirred in ball mill in immersion silicone oil
30-60 minutes, the first mixed powder centrifuged out was after 80-120 DEG C dries 2-6 hours, and regrinding is made first and mixed
Close powder stand-by；
(2) mixed slurry is prepared：Magnesia, quartz sand, kaolin, feldspar powder, polyvinyl alcohol are loaded into ball mill in proportion, so
Add afterwards and magnesia, quartz sand, kaolin, feldspar powder and polyvinyl alcohol dry powder gross mass identical water, ball milling 3-6 hours,
Obtain mixed slurry；
(3) granulation material is prepared：First mixed powder is added in the mixed slurry, after stirring 1-3 hours, granulation is made
Material；
(4) finished product composite ceramics part is prepared：Pipe, pole, block, piece is made in the granulation material under 60-120MPa pressure
The base substrate of shape or arcuate shape, then sinters the base substrate 1-4 hours within the temperature range of 1200-1500 DEG C, cold with stove
But come out of the stove afterwards, obtain the complete finished product composite ceramic porcelain piece of shape.
4. the synthetic method of forsterite-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials according to claim 3, it is characterised in that system
It is for the raw materials used mass percent of forsterite-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials：Carborundum 10-40%, magnesia 25-
45%th, quartz sand 15-35%, kaolin 2-8%, feldspar powder 2-8%, polyvinyl alcohol 3-5%, the mass percent of above raw material
Sum is absolutely；Carbon powder content is the 2-5% of the carborundum quality.
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