CN107323477B - Railway wagon bogie assembling method - Google Patents

Railway wagon bogie assembling method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107323477B
CN107323477B CN201710607481.6A CN201710607481A CN107323477B CN 107323477 B CN107323477 B CN 107323477B CN 201710607481 A CN201710607481 A CN 201710607481A CN 107323477 B CN107323477 B CN 107323477B
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China
Prior art keywords
wedge
friction damping
spring
ejector rod
damping spring
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CN201710607481.6A
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CN107323477A (en
Inventor
刘振明
徐世锋
刘新强
许善超
孔维刚
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CRRC Qiqihar Rolling Stock Co Ltd
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CRRC Qiqihar Rolling Stock Co Ltd
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Publication of CN107323477A publication Critical patent/CN107323477A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02—Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
    • B61F5/04—Bolster supports or mountings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P21/00—Machines for assembling a multiplicity of different parts to compose units, with or without preceding or subsequent working of such parts, e.g. with programme control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02—Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
    • B61F5/04—Bolster supports or mountings
    • B61F5/12—Bolster supports or mountings incorporating dampers
    • B61F5/122—Bolster supports or mountings incorporating dampers with friction surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P2700/00—Indexing scheme relating to the articles being treated, e.g. manufactured, repaired, assembled, connected or other operations covered in the subgroups
    • B23P2700/50—Other automobile vehicle parts, i.e. manufactured in assembly lines

Abstract

The invention discloses a railway wagon bogie assembling method, which comprises the following steps: a constant friction damping spring is arranged in the inner cavity of the wedge; placing the wedge component into a wedge groove of the swing bolster; a press-fitting tool is adopted for press-fitting, so that the constant friction damping spring of the wedge component is compressed; respectively inserting positioning pieces into the inclined wedges and the inclined wedge grooves along the length direction of the swing bolster; the swing bolster is arranged in a frame opening in the center of the side frame, and then the positioning pin is taken down; penetrating the ejector rod into the constant friction damping spring from the through hole of the bottom plate of the tapered wedge groove; the carrier rod is kept at the position of lifting upwards, and then the variable friction damping spring inner spring and the variable friction damping outer spring are loaded. The bogie assembled by the method has ideal relative friction coefficient no matter in the empty and heavy vehicle states, and meanwhile, the bogie can have higher diamond-resistant rigidity, so that the bogie has better vertical and transverse dynamic performances; meanwhile, the defects of the technical scheme of the existing double-acting shock absorber are overcome, so that the ejector rod and the damping spring are convenient to install, and the strength of the swing bolster is not influenced.

Description

Railway wagon bogie assembling method
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the technical field of railway vehicles, in particular to a method for assembling a bogie of a railway wagon in the production and manufacturing process of the railway wagon.
Background
Railway freight cars are generally comprised of a car body, a bogie, a brake, a coupler draft gear, and the like. The bogie is used for supporting the vehicle body, guiding the vehicle to run along a track and bearing various loads from the vehicle body and a track. The most common bogie for railway freight car is a two-axle cast steel three-piece bogie, which is composed of a swing bolster, two side frames, two wheel pairs, a spring damping device and a brake device.
The most common shock absorber on a truck bogie is a friction type shock absorber, which consists of parts such as a wedge, a damping spring and the like, and the shock absorber is arranged in a space enclosed by a side frame and a swing bolster. The friction type shock absorber converts the vertical bearing force of a spring into the horizontal side pressure of a side frame upright column by a wedge through the angle action of the wedge, a wear plate is arranged at the opposite position of the side frame upright column, friction exists between the wedge and the wear plate, and a swing bolster vibrates up and down along with the wedge when a car body vibrates up and down, so that the wedge is driven to move up and down, the wedge and the wear plate rub against each other, and friction force is generated, and the friction force is damping force.
Due to more parts, the existing freight car bogie has a plurality of unreasonable parts in the aspects of structural design and assembly process, so that the service performance and the assembly of the bogie are greatly influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a railway wagon bogie assembling method. The bogie assembled by the method has ideal relative friction coefficient no matter in the empty and heavy vehicle states, and meanwhile, the bogie can have higher diamond-resistant rigidity, so that the bogie has better vertical and transverse dynamic performances; meanwhile, the defects of the technical scheme of the existing double-acting shock absorber are overcome, so that the ejector rod and the damping spring are convenient to install, and the strength of the swing bolster is not influenced.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for assembling a railway wagon bogie, comprising:
a constant friction damping spring is arranged in an inner cavity of the wedge to form a wedge component;
placing the wedge component into a wedge groove of the swing bolster, and enabling a constant friction damping spring inside the wedge component to be supported on a bottom plate of the wedge groove;
a press-fitting tool is adopted for press-fitting, so that the constant-friction damping springs of the wedge components are compressed until the bottom surfaces of the wedges are in contact with the bottom plate of the swing bolster wedge groove, the distance between the outer vertical surfaces of the left and right wedges is reduced and is smaller than the distance between the wear plates fixed on the two upright posts of the side frame, and meanwhile, the first positioning holes of the wedges are aligned with the second positioning holes of the wedge groove;
respectively inserting positioning pieces into a first positioning hole of the wedge and a second positioning hole of the wedge groove along the length direction of the swing bolster, so that the wedge and the swing bolster are relatively fixed and kept at a compression position;
the swing bolster and the wedge component on the swing bolster are arranged in a frame opening in the center of the side frame, then the positioning pin is taken down, so that the constant friction damping spring and the wedge are tightly pressed in a space between a wear plate of the side frame and a wear plate of a swing bolster wedge groove under the action of the constant friction damping spring;
penetrating a mandril into a constant friction damping spring in the wedge from bottom to top through a through hole in the bottom plate of the wedge groove;
and keeping the ejector rod at a position pulled upwards, and then loading the ejector rod into a variable friction damping spring inner spring and a variable friction damping outer spring below the swing bolster or loading the variable friction damping spring inner spring and the variable friction damping outer spring below the swing bolster.
Furthermore, the variable friction damping spring inner spring and the variable friction damping outer spring which are positioned in the middle under the wedge are deviated from the damping springs on the two sides of the wedge by a certain distance in the direction far away from the center of the swing bolster, and the axes of the constant friction damping spring and the ejector rod are superposed with the axes of the variable friction damping spring inner spring and the variable friction damping outer spring which are positioned in the middle under the wedge.
Furthermore, the variable friction damping spring inner spring and the damping outer spring which are positioned in the middle under the wedge are deviated from the damping springs on the two sides of the wedge by a certain distance in the direction far away from the center of the swing bolster, and the axes of the constant friction damping spring and the ejector rod are superposed with the axes of the variable friction damping spring inner spring and the damping outer spring which are positioned in the middle under the wedge.
Further, the lower ends of the variable friction damping spring inner spring and the variable friction damping outer spring below the wedge are arranged in a circular sunken socket on a side frame bearing platform; the diameter of the sinking nest is larger than the outer diameter of the variable friction vibration reduction outer spring.
Further, the lower end of a variable friction vibration reduction spring inner spring below the wedge is arranged in a circular sinking nest on the side frame bearing platform; the diameter of the sinking nest is larger than the outer diameter of the variable friction damping spring inner spring and smaller than the inner diameter of the damping outer spring.
Furthermore, the constant friction damping spring and the ejector rod deviate a certain distance in the direction far away from the center of the swing bolster, so that the axes of the constant friction damping spring and the ejector rod do not coincide with the axis of the variable friction damping inner spring below the swing bolster.
Furthermore, a support is arranged between the lower end of the ejector rod and the upper end of the variable friction damping inner spring, the central line of the support is overlapped with the axis of the variable friction damping inner spring, and the lower end of the ejector rod is supported at the eccentric position of the support from the upper part.
Furthermore, when the wedge and the swing bolster are relatively fixed and kept at the compression position, a positioning pin or a positioning drill rod is adopted to respectively penetrate into the first positioning hole of the wedge and the second positioning hole of the wedge groove along the length direction of the swing bolster.
Further, when the jack is held at the position pulled up, the jack is supported upward by using a support plate.
Further, when the ejector rod is kept at the upward pulling position, a magnetic device is arranged at the top of the wedge, the magnetic device is controlled to generate magnetic force to absorb the ejector rod upwards, and after the ejector rod is supported by the variable friction damping spring inner spring and/or the variable friction damping outer spring, the magnetic device is controlled to eliminate the magnetic force to release the ejector rod.
The invention provides a bogie assembling method, firstly, a common friction damping spring and a wedge form a wedge component, then putting the components into the inclined wedge groove of the swing bolster, compressing the inclined wedge components at the left and right sides of the swing bolster downwards and inwards by a compression tool to reduce the transverse size of the components, fixing the inclined wedge and the swing bolster relatively to keep the inclined wedge in a compressed state, the bolster is then loaded into the mouth of the center of the side frame along with the cam assembly and, after the constant friction damping spring is released, the inclined wedge can be installed in place, then the ejector rod penetrates into the constant friction damping spring from the through hole of the bottom plate of the inclined wedge groove, and the spring is kept at the position of upward pulling, and finally the variable friction damping spring inner spring and the variable friction damping outer spring below the swing bolster are arranged, or the variable friction damping spring inner spring and the damping spring outer spring which are arranged below the swing bolster, and other damping springs which are arranged below the swing bolster are arranged. The bogie assembled by the method has ideal relative friction coefficient no matter in the empty and heavy vehicle states, and meanwhile, the bogie can have higher diamond-resistant rigidity, so that the bogie has better vertical and transverse dynamic performances; meanwhile, the defects of the technical scheme of the existing double-acting shock absorber are overcome, the ejector rod and the support are convenient to install, and the influence of the inclined wedge groove on the strength of the swing bolster can be reduced to the minimum degree.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a rail wagon bogie assembly method provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an assembly diagram corresponding to step S1 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an assembly diagram corresponding to step S2 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is an assembled view corresponding to step S3 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is an assembled view corresponding to step S5 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is an assembled view corresponding to step S6 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is an assembled view corresponding to step S7 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 8 is an assembled view corresponding to step S8 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure in which the axes of the constant friction damping spring and the carrier rod are in an eccentric position;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the structure in which the constant friction damping spring and the lift pin and the variable friction damping spring inner spring and the variable friction damping outer spring thereunder deflect outward together;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of the lower end of the variable friction damping spring inner spring being installed in the sink socket;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the sink nest side and side wall of the side frame landing pad.
In the figure:
1. tapered wedge 2, constant friction damping spring 3, swing bolster 4, bottom plate 5, first positioning hole 6, second positioning hole 7, side frame 8, wearing plate 9, ejector rod 10, variable friction damping spring inner spring 11, variable friction damping outer spring 12, support 13 and sinking nest
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the disclosure, the invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
In this specification, terms such as "upper, lower, inner, and outer" are established based on positional relationships shown in the drawings, and the corresponding positional relationships may vary depending on the drawings, and therefore, the terms are not to be construed as absolutely limiting the scope of protection; moreover, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one element from another element having the same name, without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such elements.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a process flow chart of a method for assembling a bogie of a rail wagon according to the present invention.
As shown in the drawings, the method for assembling the bogie of the railway wagon provided by the embodiment comprises the following process steps:
step S1: the constant-friction damping spring 2 is arranged in an inner cavity of the wedge 1 to form a wedge component, and the assembled state is as shown in figure 2, and figure 2 simultaneously shows two left and right symmetrical wedge components at one end of the swing bolster.
Step S2: the wedge assembly is placed in the wedge groove of the bolster 3, so that the constant friction damping spring 2 inside the wedge assembly is supported on the bottom plate 4 of the wedge groove, and the assembled state is shown in fig. 3. At this time, the first positioning hole 5 of the cam 1 and the second positioning hole 6 of the cam groove are also in a position shifted from each other.
Step S3: the normal friction damping spring 2 of the wedge assembly is pressed by a pressing tool (not shown in the figure) until the bottom surface of the wedge 1 contacts with the bottom plate of the swing bolster wedge groove, so that the outer side vertical surface distance L1 of the left and right wedges is reduced to be smaller than the wearing plate distance L2 fixed on the two upright posts of the side frame 7, and the assembled state is as shown in figure 3. At this time, the first positioning hole 5 of the wedge 1 is aligned with the second positioning hole 6 of the wedge groove.
Step S4: and respectively inserting a positioning pin or a positioning drill rod into the first positioning holes 5 of the left and right wedges 1 and the second positioning holes 6 of the wedge grooves along the length direction of the swing bolster 3, so that the wedges 1 and the swing bolster 3 are relatively fixed and kept at a compression position.
Step S5: the bolster 3 with its cam assembly is installed into the frame opening in the center of the side frame 7, then the locating pin is removed, the constant friction damping spring 2 is released, the assembled state is as shown in fig. 4, the cam 1 is pressed in the space between the wearing plate 8 of the side frame 7 and the wearing plate of the bolster cam groove under the action of the constant friction damping spring 2.
Step S6: the push rod 9 is inserted into the normal friction damping spring 2 in the wedge 1 from the through hole of the wedge groove bottom plate 4 from the bottom to the top, and the state shown in fig. 5 is formed.
Step S7: the jack 9 is held at the position pulled upward, and then the variable friction damping spring inner spring 10 and the variable friction damping outer spring 11 below the bolster 3 or the variable friction damping spring inner spring 10 and the damping outer spring below the bolster 3 are loaded, and the assembled state is shown in fig. 6.
In this step, the jack 9 may be held at the position pulled upward by holding the jack upward with a holding plate, or a magnetic device may be provided on the top of the wedge 1, and the magnetic device may be controlled to generate a magnetic force to attract the jack 9 upward, so that the jack 9 is held at the position pulled upward, and after the jack 9 is supported by the variable friction damping spring inner spring 10 and/or the variable friction damping outer spring 11, the magnetic device may be controlled to remove the magnetic force to release the jack 9.
Step S8: finally, the other damping springs located below the bolster 3 are installed, and the assembled state is shown in fig. 7, and the reverse operation sequence is adopted when the bogie is disassembled.
In the above embodiment, one end of the bolster is taken as an example, the assembly method of the other end of the bolster is the same, both ends can be assembled at the same time, or one end can be assembled first and then the other end can be assembled, after the bolster 3 is installed in the frame opening of the side frame 7, the positions of the bolster 3 and the side frame 7 should be kept relatively fixed, so as to be convenient for installing other components.
It can be seen from the figure that if the positions of the normal friction damping spring 2 and the wedge 1 are too close to the center line of the bolster 3, the structural part size B between the two wedge grooves of the bolster 3 is smaller, so that the strength of the bolster 3 is reduced, and the use performance of the bogie is affected.
Referring to fig. 8, in order to prevent the width of the cross section of the middle portion of the bolster, i.e., the dimension B, from being too small and affecting the strength of the bolster 3, the axes of the normal friction damping spring 2 and the ejector pin 9 are designed to be misaligned with the friction-varying damping inner spring 10 and the friction-varying damping outer spring 11 therebelow, i.e., the axes of the normal friction damping spring 2 and the ejector pin 9 are misaligned with the axes of the friction-varying damping inner spring 10 and the friction-varying damping outer spring 11 therebelow, and are staggered by a distance a, i.e., the normal friction damping spring 2 and the ejector pin 9 are deviated by a distance a in a direction away from the center of the bolster. Therefore, the size B of the structural part between the two wedge grooves of the swing bolster 3 can be widened to two sides by a distance A respectively to become B +2A, the structural strength of the swing bolster 3 can be obviously improved, and the use performance of the bogie is ensured.
After the bogie is assembled by adopting the mode, the support 12 can be arranged between the lower end of the ejector rod and the upper end of the variable friction damping inner spring 10, the central line of the support 12 is coincided with the axis of the variable friction damping inner spring 10, the lower end of the ejector rod 9 is supported at the eccentric position of the support 12 from the upper part, and the lower end of the ejector rod 9 and the upper end of the support 12 are designed into planes, when the variable friction damping inner spring 10 deflects due to the misalignment force, a gap is formed between one side of the bottom surface of the ejector rod 9, which is far away from the center of the swing bolster, and the top surface of the support 12, so that the action point of the ejector rod 9 on the support 12 can move towards the center of the swing bolster, the eccentricity of the.
Referring to fig. 9, in order to prevent the cross-sectional width, i.e., dimension B, in the middle of the bolster 3 from being too small and affecting the strength of the bolster, the size of the central frame opening of the side frame 7 may be increased, the friction-varying damping spring inner spring 10 and the friction-varying damping outer spring 11 located in the middle under the wedge 1 may be deviated by a distance C in a direction away from the center of the bolster with respect to the damping springs at both sides thereof, and the axes of the constant-friction damping spring 2 and the carrier rod 9 may be aligned with the axes of the friction-varying damping spring inner spring 10 and the friction-varying damping outer spring 11 located in the middle under the wedge. Therefore, the size B of the structural part between the two wedge grooves of the swing bolster 3 can be widened to two sides by a distance C respectively to become B +2C, the structural strength of the swing bolster 3 can be obviously improved, and the use performance of the bogie is ensured.
If the structure is adopted, the bottom surface of the ejector rod 9 can be provided with an upper concave conical socket, and the corresponding position of the support 12 can be designed with a matched upper convex cone, so that the ejector rod 9 and the support 12 can be automatically centered under the action of elasticity, the axial line height coincidence of the ejector rod and the support 12 is ensured, and the deviation can not occur.
The above embodiments can be designed into two schemes respectively, one scheme is that the diameter of the support 12 is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the variable friction damping outer spring 11, and the variable friction damping inner spring and the variable friction damping outer spring are pressed at the same time, and the other scheme is that the diameter of the support 12 is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the variable friction damping inner spring 10, and only the variable friction damping inner spring 10 is pressed.
Referring to fig. 10, in order to increase the flexibility of the variable friction damping inner and outer springs and ensure a larger free height, a circular sinking socket 13 is designed on the side frame bearing platform to accommodate the spring, the lower end of the variable friction damping inner spring 10 below the wedge 1 can be installed in the circular sinking socket 13 on the side frame bearing platform during assembly, the diameter of the sinking socket 13 is larger than the outer diameter of the variable friction damping inner spring 10 and smaller than the inner diameter of the damping outer spring, and only the force of the inner spring at this position is introduced as the variable friction damping spring, so the outer diameter of the upper end support of the variable friction damping inner spring 10 is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the variable friction damping inner spring 10, and only the variable friction damping inner spring 10 is pressed.
Alternatively, the diameter of the lower socket 13 may be larger than the outer diameter of the variable friction damping outer spring 11, the lower ends of the variable friction damping inner spring 10 and the variable friction damping outer spring 11 below the wedge 1 are simultaneously installed in the circular lower socket 13 on the side frame pedestal during assembly, the diameter of the lower socket 13 is larger than the outer diameter of the variable friction damping outer spring 11, and the forces of the inner and outer springs at this position are introduced together as the variable friction damping spring, so that the outer diameter of the upper end support 12 of the variable friction damping inner spring 10 is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the variable friction damping outer spring 11, and the variable friction damping inner and outer springs are simultaneously pressed.
The distance D between the bottom of the sinking nest 13 and the bottom surface of the bearing platform accounts for 20% -50% of the height of the side frame bearing platform, and the distance E between one side of the sinking nest 13 and the side wall of the side frame bearing platform can account for 20% -40% of the height of the side frame bearing platform (see figure 12). Therefore, the casting is convenient, the height of the variable friction damping spring is consistent with or close to that of other pillow springs, the types of the springs are reduced, and the structural complexity of the product is simplified.
The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not limited thereto, and on the basis of the above embodiments, various embodiments can be obtained by performing targeted adjustment according to actual needs. For example, in step S4, the cam 1 and the bolster 3 are fixed and held in the compressed position in relation to each other in other ways, and so on. This is not illustrated here, since many implementations are possible.
The bogie assembled by the method has ideal relative friction coefficient no matter in the empty and heavy vehicle states, and meanwhile, the bogie can have higher diamond-resistant rigidity, so that the bogie has better vertical and transverse dynamic performances; meanwhile, the defects of the technical scheme of the existing double-acting shock absorber are overcome, the ejector rod and the support are convenient to install, and the influence of the inclined wedge groove on the strength of the swing bolster can be reduced to the minimum degree.
In addition, the process steps required for assembling the bogie can be effectively reduced, the operation difficulty and the labor intensity are reduced, the assembling efficiency and the assembling precision are improved, the damage to parts in the assembling process is avoided, and the use performance of the bogie is ensured.
The method for assembling the bogie of the railway wagon provided by the invention is described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the core concepts of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A method of assembling a railway freight car truck comprising:
a constant friction damping spring is arranged in an inner cavity of the wedge to form a wedge component;
placing the wedge component into a wedge groove of the swing bolster, and enabling a constant friction damping spring inside the wedge component to be supported on a bottom plate of the wedge groove;
a press-fitting tool is adopted for press-fitting, so that the constant-friction damping springs of the wedge components are compressed until the bottom surfaces of the wedges are in contact with the bottom plate of the swing bolster wedge groove, the distance between the outer vertical surfaces of the left and right wedges is reduced and is smaller than the distance between the wear plates fixed on the two upright posts of the side frame, and meanwhile, the first positioning holes of the wedges are aligned with the second positioning holes of the wedge groove;
respectively inserting positioning pieces into a first positioning hole of the wedge and a second positioning hole of the wedge groove along the length direction of the swing bolster, so that the wedge and the swing bolster are relatively fixed and kept at a compression position;
the swing bolster and the wedge component on the swing bolster are installed in a frame opening in the center of the side frame, then the positioning piece is taken down, the constant friction damping spring is released, and the wedge is pressed in a space between a wear plate of the side frame and a wear plate of a swing bolster wedge groove under the action of the constant friction damping spring;
penetrating a mandril into a constant friction damping spring in the wedge from bottom to top through a through hole in the bottom plate of the wedge groove;
the ejector rod is kept at an upward pulling position and then is loaded into a variable friction damping spring inner spring and a variable friction damping outer spring below the swing bolster;
the variable friction damping spring inner spring and the variable friction damping outer spring which are positioned in the middle under the wedge are deviated from the damping springs on the two sides of the wedge by a certain distance in the direction far away from the center of the swing bolster, and the axial lines of the constant friction damping spring and the ejector rod are superposed with the axial lines of the variable friction damping spring inner spring and the variable friction damping outer spring which are positioned in the middle under the wedge;
the lower ends of a variable friction damping spring inner spring and a variable friction damping outer spring below the wedge are arranged in a circular sinking nest on a side frame bearing platform; the diameter of the sinking nest is larger than the outer diameter of the variable friction vibration reduction outer spring;
when the ejector rod is kept at the upward pulling position, the ejector rod is supported upwards by the supporting plate, or when the ejector rod is kept at the upward pulling position, a magnetic device is arranged at the top of the wedge, the magnetic device is controlled to generate magnetic force to absorb the ejector rod upwards, and after the ejector rod is supported by the variable friction damping spring inner spring and the variable friction damping outer spring, the magnetic device is controlled to eliminate the magnetic force to release the ejector rod.
2. A method of assembling a railway freight car truck as claimed in claim 1, wherein a dowel or a dowel pin is inserted into the first positioning hole of the wedge and the second positioning hole of the wedge pocket along the length direction of the bolster while the wedge and the bolster are relatively fixed and held in the compressed position.
3. A method of assembling a railway freight car truck comprising:
a constant friction damping spring is arranged in an inner cavity of the wedge to form a wedge component;
placing the wedge component into a wedge groove of the swing bolster, and enabling a constant friction damping spring inside the wedge component to be supported on a bottom plate of the wedge groove;
a press-fitting tool is adopted for press-fitting, so that the constant-friction damping springs of the wedge components are compressed until the bottom surfaces of the wedges are in contact with the bottom plate of the swing bolster wedge groove, the distance between the outer vertical surfaces of the left and right wedges is reduced and is smaller than the distance between the wear plates fixed on the two upright posts of the side frame, and meanwhile, the first positioning holes of the wedges are aligned with the second positioning holes of the wedge groove;
respectively inserting positioning pieces into a first positioning hole of the wedge and a second positioning hole of the wedge groove along the length direction of the swing bolster, so that the wedge and the swing bolster are relatively fixed and kept at a compression position;
the swing bolster and the wedge component on the swing bolster are installed in a frame opening in the center of the side frame, then the positioning piece is taken down, the constant friction damping spring is released, and the wedge is pressed in a space between a wear plate of the side frame and a wear plate of a swing bolster wedge groove under the action of the constant friction damping spring;
penetrating a mandril into a constant friction damping spring in the wedge from bottom to top through a through hole in the bottom plate of the wedge groove;
the ejector rod is kept at a position lifted upwards, and then a variable friction damping spring inner spring and a variable friction damping spring outer spring below the swing bolster are arranged;
deviating the variable friction damping spring inner spring and the damping outer spring which are positioned in the middle under the wedge by a certain distance relative to the damping springs on the two sides of the wedge in the direction far away from the center of the swing bolster, and enabling the axes of the constant friction damping spring and the ejector rod to coincide with the axes of the variable friction damping spring inner spring and the damping outer spring which are positioned in the middle under the wedge;
the lower end of a variable friction vibration damping spring inner spring below the wedge is arranged in a circular sinking nest on a side frame bearing platform; the diameter of the sinking nest is larger than the outer diameter of the variable friction damping spring inner spring and smaller than the inner diameter of the damping outer spring;
when the ejector rod is kept at the upward pulling position, the ejector rod is supported upwards by the supporting plate, or when the ejector rod is kept at the upward pulling position, a magnetic device is arranged at the top of the wedge, the magnetic device is controlled to generate magnetic force to absorb the ejector rod upwards, and after the ejector rod is supported by the variable friction damping spring inner spring and/or the variable friction damping outer spring, the magnetic device is controlled to eliminate the magnetic force to release the ejector rod.
4. A method of assembling a railway freight car truck as claimed in claim 3, wherein a dowel or a dowel pin is inserted into the first positioning hole of the wedge and the second positioning hole of the wedge pocket along the length direction of the bolster when the wedge is fixed and held in the compressed position relative to the bolster.
5. A method of assembling a railway freight car truck comprising:
a constant friction damping spring is arranged in an inner cavity of the wedge to form a wedge component;
placing the wedge component into a wedge groove of the swing bolster, and enabling a constant friction damping spring inside the wedge component to be supported on a bottom plate of the wedge groove;
a press-fitting tool is adopted for press-fitting, so that the constant-friction damping springs of the wedge components are compressed until the bottom surfaces of the wedges are in contact with the bottom plate of the swing bolster wedge groove, the distance between the outer vertical surfaces of the left and right wedges is reduced and is smaller than the distance between the wear plates fixed on the two upright posts of the side frame, and meanwhile, the first positioning holes of the wedges are aligned with the second positioning holes of the wedge groove;
respectively inserting positioning pieces into a first positioning hole of the wedge and a second positioning hole of the wedge groove along the length direction of the swing bolster, so that the wedge and the swing bolster are relatively fixed and kept at a compression position;
the swing bolster and the wedge component on the swing bolster are installed in a frame opening in the center of the side frame, then the positioning piece is taken down, the constant friction damping spring is released, and the wedge is pressed in a space between a wear plate of the side frame and a wear plate of a swing bolster wedge groove under the action of the constant friction damping spring;
penetrating a mandril into a constant friction damping spring in the wedge from bottom to top through a through hole in the bottom plate of the wedge groove;
the ejector rod is kept at a position pulled upwards, and then a variable friction damping spring inner spring and a variable friction damping outer spring below the swing bolster are installed, or the variable friction damping spring inner spring and the variable friction damping outer spring below the swing bolster are installed;
deviating the constant friction damping spring and the ejector rod for a certain distance in the direction far away from the center of the swing bolster, so that the axes of the constant friction damping spring and the ejector rod are not overlapped with the axis of the variable friction damping inner spring below the swing bolster;
a support is arranged between the lower end of the ejector rod and the upper end of the variable friction vibration damping inner spring, the center line of the support is coincided with the axis of the variable friction vibration damping inner spring, and the lower end of the ejector rod is supported at the eccentric position of the support from the upper part;
when the ejector rod is kept at the upward pulling position, the ejector rod is supported upwards by the supporting plate, or when the ejector rod is kept at the upward pulling position, a magnetic device is arranged at the top of the wedge, the magnetic device is controlled to generate magnetic force to absorb the ejector rod upwards, and after the ejector rod is supported by the variable friction damping spring inner spring and/or the variable friction damping outer spring, the magnetic device is controlled to eliminate the magnetic force to release the ejector rod.
6. A method of assembling a railway freight car truck as claimed in claim 5, wherein a dowel or a dowel pin is inserted into the first positioning hole of the wedge and the second positioning hole of the wedge pocket along the length direction of the bolster when the wedge is fixed and held in the compressed position relative to the bolster.
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