CN1073216C - Planetary fraction cone reductor and differential mechanism - Google Patents
Planetary fraction cone reductor and differential mechanism Download PDFInfo
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- CN1073216C CN1073216C CN94113224A CN94113224A CN1073216C CN 1073216 C CN1073216 C CN 1073216C CN 94113224 A CN94113224 A CN 94113224A CN 94113224 A CN94113224 A CN 94113224A CN 1073216 C CN1073216 C CN 1073216C
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- conical surface
- speed reducer
- differential mechanism
- speed
- wheel
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a speed reducing or speed increasing device, particularly to a speed reducer and a differential mechanism with a planetary cone friction wheel. The present invention is mainly characterized in that one stage or a plurality of stages of speed reducing, differential or speed increasing devices are composed of one or more sun wheels with male cones, wheels with inner cones, and a set of planetary wheels with cones; a speed proportional type dynamic pressure pump with a helical groove is arranged in the present invention. The present invention has the advantages of stable operation, good dynamic and static balance, strong overload capability and shock resistance, good property of high speed, low noise, high efficiency, convenient manufacture, low cost, etc.
Description
The present invention is a kind of about speed reducer and differential mechanism, and is particularly a kind of about having utilized the conical surface friction wheel to replace the planetary conical surface friction wheel speed reducer of 2K-H of gear and the invention of differential mechanism (hereinafter to be referred as speed reducer).
Speed reducer is a kind of workalike that is widely used in various power transmission system.Its effect is rotating speed and the moment of torsion that changes by a certain link in prime mover or the Transmitted chains, normally higher input shaft rotating speed is changed into lower output shaft rotating speed, moment of torsion with input shaft amplifies several times by reduction speed ratio simultaneously, is driven the requirement of link to rotating speed and moment to adapt to.
From existing speed reducer type, use at present and mainly contain parallel multi-axle cylindrical gear reducer, conical gear reducer more widely, the turbine worm speed reducer, gear with small teeth difference formula speed reducer, planetary gear type speed reducer, cycloidal planetary gear speed reducer, harmonic wave speed reducing machine etc.These speed reducers respectively have pluses and minuses, and its application area and performance characteristic are also different.Wherein, the planetary gear type speed reducer has that the single-stage speed ratio is less, the transient equiliblium characteristic is good, little in light weight, the transmission efficiency advantages of higher of volume, but its shortcoming is an accuracy of manufacturing requires height, incompatibility runs up under the lubricated condition of external forced not using, noise is bigger, and overload and shock resistance characteristic are not so good as cycloidal planetary gear speed reducer etc.
At this present situation, purpose of the present invention aims to provide a kind of planetary conical surface friction wheel of 2K-H speed reducer that can solve existing planet-gear speed reducer main weakness.
Being intended that of invention realized by following method: in the present invention, adopted the epicyclic friction gear of one group of conical surface shape, this conical surface epicyclic friction gear middle part has cylindrical hole, is convenient to settle planet wheel bearing.The torsion pass pin that links together with planet carrier output shaft etc. then is converted to the revolution motion of planet wheel by discussing planet wheel shaft the spinning motion of output shaft.Corresponding, replace (in the general planetary train) sun gear and internal gear in the present invention, be respectively a conical surface sun gear and the inner conical surface ring that internal conical surface is arranged with outer conical surface.Like this, when discussing planet carrier, conical surface planet wheel, conical surface sun gear, inner conical surface ring composition one, its relative position relation and shape just exactly like a garden taper roller bearing, as shown in Figure 1, in other words, in the present invention, the shearing force so that the frictional force that is created in the relevant contact conical surface has replaced (in the conventional gears speed reducer) to be produced by gear engagement realizes the transmission and the conversion of motion.
Why each relative movement face makes conical surface, be because have following several major advantage at least: the one, when between conical surface sun gear and inner conical surface ring (by several planet wheels), applying a little axial force, power amplification by the conical surface, can make and respectively contact very big positive pressure and the force of sliding friction of generation between the conical surface, because force of rolling friction is far smaller than force of sliding friction, thereby can guarantee planet wheel when doing rolling, by the enough moments of torsion of planet carrier output.
Adopt another advantage of conical surface friction wheel to be: after causing wearing and tearing owing to little slip between all conical surface wheels of relative movement, can compensate automatically gap and contact force, thereby assurance speed reducer main parts size to have very long operating life.
In addition, because the rolling of conical surface planet wheel allows to occur the scene of skidding, when external force makes speed reducer produce overload and impacts, the phenomenon of the gear teeth can not appear damaging, be that this speed reducer can have very big overload capacity and favorable shock resistance, simultaneously, can not produce the mechanicalness noise that produces because of gear engagement.
Another advantage that can not be ignored is: owing to do not have the manufacturing and the processing of gear, make complicated design and very high problems such as accuracy of manufacturing requirement come to naught.The design of speed ratio is free and convenient more than the design of planet-gear speed reducer, and the manufacturing of conical surface wheel is also greatly simplified than the manufacturing of gear, thereby can reduce production costs greatly.
At last, after having adopted the speed proportional type forced lubricating system (seeing aftermentioned for details) that is arranged on speed reducer inside, mix the mechanical seal of excellent performance again, then can be used for the input shaft rotating speed and be high speed or occasions such as superfast power-transmission system such as gas-turbine engine according to the 2K-H planet conical surface friction wheel speed reducer that the present invention proposes.
As when the structural design, aforementioned inner conical surface ring self is rotated, then can easily produce planet conical surface friction wheel differential mechanism.
For the lubricant oil in the speed reducer is spilt outside the body, generally " O " type circle or sealing gasket etc. need be set between body and end cap.This method one is that cost is more expensive, the 2nd, and exist wearing out of sealing material to reach the problem of heat damage.For this reason, in the present invention, adopted the conical surface seal structure to be about to housing and to make conical surface with cooperating of end cap.Advantages such as this method has processing and assembling is simple, and sealing is reliable, and high-temperature stability is strong.
Self-evident, when adopting the speed reducer of planetary gear structure, guarantee effectively lubricating to each kinetic friction position, be one of important measures that improve machine life, reduction noise and temperature rise.The problem that each motive position " is lost oil " during for the solution high speed has adopted the so-called speed proportional type forced lubricating system in the machine that is arranged in the present invention.The oil pump of this system all offers several oiled-plate methods such as pump such as spiral fluted such as end face such as lift angle such as grade by a two sides, two constitute the sealing and the plane of pump oil-gap with discussing pump oiled-plate method plane, even one still can make when guarantee changing input (going out) axle steer lubricant medium be pressed to the unidirectional needle roller clutch at middle part from the periphery of pump oiled-plate method, constitute a two-sided spiral frid dynamic pressure pump.The fluid of getting by this dynamic pressure pump, will be by being arranged on the runner of the torsion pass pin on transmission shaft and the planet carrier, lubricated to forced jet of fixing a point such as the sun gear surface (or other moving wheel surface) of speed reducer and bearing, oil sealing positions, because the oil pump output flow among the present invention is directly proportional with rotating speed, oil mass was big more when rotating speed was high more, just in time mate with the lubricating requirement in the secondary part of kinetic friction, these existing other lubrication assistant modes are difficult to accomplish.
Certainly, in needs, also spiral chute dynamic pressure pump can be made shaft flow structure and promptly offer several spiral chutes, constitute spiral chute dynamic pressure pump with the barrel surface of another or an above relative movement at one or more suitable peripheries.
The structure of planet carrier can be that integrated type also can be a separated type, the former machining accuracy be easier to guarantee and rigidity higher.Because the planet wheel of discussing, sun gear and inner conical surface are taken turns all without any the flank of tooth, so it is very easy to reduce and assemble contraposition greatly to the indexing accuracy of each planet wheel central position.
For guaranteeing that conical surface planet wheel all the time can be good with the male cone (strobilus masculinus) and the inner conical surface loop contacts of sun gear, the torsion pass pin should be made floating structure.
Arc surface can be made in the bottom of the big end of conical surface planet wheel, to increase the area of contact of bottom and sun gear (axle) rib, reduces footprint pressure and wearing and tearing.
Compare with the speed reducer (comprising differential mechanism) of existing 2K-H planetary pinion drive mechanism, the planetary conical surface friction wheel speed reducer of 2K-H (comprising differential mechanism) that proposes according to the present invention have running steadily, low, the quiet transient equiliblium characteristic of noise is good, shock resistance and overload performance are strong, high speed characteristics good, volume little in light weight, be convenient to that manufacturing and assembling, cost of production are low, a series of remarkable advantages such as can compensate after the wearing and tearing automatically.
The embodiment who takes turns speed reducer (differential mechanism) according to the planet conical surface friction of the present invention's proposition is provided by accompanying drawing 1-accompanying drawing 4.
Accompanying drawing 1 is the planetary conical surface friction wheel of a single-stage 2K-H speed reducer structural representation.Planet carrier herein is a monolithic construction.
Accompanying drawing 3 is a spiral chute pump oiled-plate method schematic representation.
Accompanying drawing 4 is the planetary conical surface friction wheel of a twin-stage 2K-H speed reducer structural representation.The planet carrier of front and back stages is separate type.Also be provided with speed proportional type plane type spiral chute dynamic pressure pump forced lubricating system among this figure.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1-accompanying drawing 4, describe working principle, structural feature and the technical feature etc. of the planetary conical surface friction wheel speed reducer of the 2K-H that proposes according to the present invention (differential mechanism) in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, single-stage planetary conical surface friction wheel speed reducer is attached thereto the input shaft 1 ' in one mainly by sun gear 1, conical surface planet wheel 2, inner conical surface ring 3, torsion pass pin 4, planet carrier and be attached thereto together output shaft 5, planet wheel bearing 6, spiral chute pump oiled-plate method 7, floating side plate 8, taper roller bearing 9, axle power spring 10, output shaft bearing 11, unidirectional needle roller clutch 12, large and small oil sealing 13 and 14, " O " RunddichtringO 15, housing 16, housing 17 parts such as grade are formed.
Because the effect of axle power spring 10, input shaft (with conical surface sun gear be one) 1 just with several conical surface planet wheels 2, inner conical surface ring 3 forces together tightly, because being created in the force of sliding friction that respectively contacts the conical surface is far longer than force of rolling friction, so when input shaft 1 rotates with speed omega 1, under the situation that the inner conical surface ring is fixed, each sun gear is just in self rotational, revolve round the sun around axis, driving planet carrier output shaft 5 by torsion pass pin 4 rotates, owing to can easily make the revolution speed of conical surface planet wheel be lower than input shaft rotational speed in design, thereby can realize easily slowing down and increase the purpose of moment of torsion.
Higher and do not adopt outside the machine under the situation of auxiliary forced lubricating system at the input shaft rotating speed, because action of centrifugal force, between the sun gear conical surface and the planet wheel conical surface, between the raceway of the planet wheel conical surface and inner conical surface ring, just can produce so-called " losing oil " phenomenon between torsion pass pin and the planet wheel bearing etc., and then cause the heating of relative movement face and wearing and tearing and even sticking the burning are destroyed fast.For addressing this problem, adopted " speed proportional type planar spiral groove pump forced lubricating system " in the present invention.The crux part of this system--dynamic pressure pump is by two-sided several spiral chute such as lift angle such as grade (archimedean spiral groove) plates 7 and 12, one axial float side plates of a unidirectional needle roller clutch, 8 formations such as grade of all offering.The surface configuration of spiral frid 7 is shown in accompanying drawing 3.When input shaft rotated with direction as shown, overrunning clutch was with respect to the surperficial unrestricted motion of output shaft, and spiral frid and the floating side plate of this moment all maintain static, and pump oil plane is " b " in the accompanying drawing 1, and the flow direction of fluid forms what is called and confluxes from outside to inside.
When input shaft with the rotation of the opposite direction of direction as shown the time, overrunning clutch rotates together in company with output shaft, " a " face in the accompanying drawing 1 becomes pump oil plane, the direction of oil stream is still from outside to inside.
Be sent to the fluid at middle part from spiral chute pump oiled-plate method periphery, by being opened in the axial bore Kz at output shaft middle part, radial hole Ko etc. spray to sun gear conical surface raceway face, planet wheel bearing surface, two ends oil sealing place respectively, no matter how are the speed of rotation and the position of the part of discussing, the equal spray that can realize effectively fixing a point is established, and fluid flows in major cycle of the inner formation of speed reducer.This has not only improved the lubricating condition of relative movement part greatly, has also increased the circulation radiating effect in the machine simultaneously, very helps prolonging the working life of bearing and oil sealing.
Consider processing and assembly error and cause the gap on spiral chute oiled-plate method and both sides pump oil plane to be difficult for guaranteeing, adopted the structural design of floating side plate in the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, offer an aperture Ko from the suitable position of spiral frid, the fluid guiding of certain pressure is caused the back pressure cavity Co of floating side plate, the static pressure thrust that makes back pressure cavity produce is slightly larger than the reaction thrust on pump oil plane, guarantee that pump oil plane has a suitable gap all the time, for the pressure size in the control back pressure cavity Co is suitable just, can offer a throttling pore at relevant position.
In case of necessity, the axial flow of being made up of thread groove tube " speed proportional type spiral chute dynamic pressure pump " also can be set in machine.This structure especially is adapted to the type of vertical installation.
When needs guarantee that the speed reducer life-span is grown as far as possible, can adopt so-called " moment of torsion ratio profile shaft is to loading " device, this device both can be the plane curve loaded type, it also can be two-way function helical tooth (adding the ball that lowers friction factor in case of necessity) mode, when adopting this device, the power that axle power spring produces only need guarantee that the initial contact of each conical surface gets final product.Like this,, act on the corresponding change of normal direction contact stress of each relative rolling conical surface, guarantee that the hertz contact stress of contacting point is in a value that size is suitable all the time corresponding to different driving torques.
Because single reduction gear unit given in other main technical points and the accompanying drawing 1 is basic identical, so do not give unnecessary details at this.
According to the basic principle that the present invention proposes, can produce epicyclic type machine and differential mechanism or other derivatives of other multiple structures, also can constitute hybrid speed reducer etc. with the speed reducer of other types.
The speed reducer that is proposed by the present invention can directly use as booster engine.
Point out that in passing the structural principle of " the speed proportional type spiral chute dynamic pressure pump " that is proposed among the present invention also can be applicable among existing various planetary gear type speed reducer and the differential mechanism.
Claims (6)
1, " planetary conical surface friction wheel speed reducer and differential mechanism ", be a kind of deceleration speedup or differential mechanism that is widely used in the power-transmission system, mainly reach the input shaft of one (1 ') with it by sun gear (1), several conical surface planet wheels (2), inner conical surface wheel (3), torsion pass pin (4), planet carrier and the output shaft (5) that fuses with it, planet wheel bearing (6), spiral chute pump oiled-plate method (7), floating side plate (8), taper roller bearing (9), axle power spring (10), output shaft bearing (11), unidirectional needle roller clutch (12), size oil sealing (13), (14), " O " RunddichtringO (15), housing (16), end cap parts such as (17) is formed, it is characterized in that: the major part that constitutes planetary friction wheel speed reducer of 2K-H and differential mechanism comprises sun gear (1), conical surface planet wheel (2), inner conical surface wheel (3), the contact surface of these three kinds of its relative movement of part is conical surface.
2, speed reducer according to claim 1 and differential mechanism is characterized in that being provided with in the machine one " speed proportional type spiral chute dynamic pressure pump ".
3, speed reducer according to claim 2 and differential mechanism, the main composition element that it is characterized in that described speed proportional type spiral chute dynamic pressure pump are the plane that has several spiral fluted planes and do relative movement with it.
4, speed reducer according to claim 2 and differential mechanism is characterized in that described speed proportional type spiral chute dynamic pressure pump has adopted an overrunning clutch, and to guarantee steering input shaft not simultaneously, the flow direction of lubricant medium is still identical.
5, speed reducer according to claim 1 and differential mechanism is characterized in that having adopted conical surface seal between housing and the end cap.
6, it is characterized in that to adopt one or more male cone (strobilus masculinus) sun gear according to described speed reducer of claim 1 and differential mechanism, the inner conical surface wheel, a group or more conical surface planet wheel constitutes planetary conical surface friction wheel speed reducer of single-stage or multistage 2K-H and differential mechanism.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94113224A CN1073216C (en) | 1994-12-23 | 1994-12-23 | Planetary fraction cone reductor and differential mechanism |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94113224A CN1073216C (en) | 1994-12-23 | 1994-12-23 | Planetary fraction cone reductor and differential mechanism |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1125297A CN1125297A (en) | 1996-06-26 |
| CN1073216C true CN1073216C (en) | 2001-10-17 |
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ID=5036637
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94113224A Expired - Lifetime CN1073216C (en) | 1994-12-23 | 1994-12-23 | Planetary fraction cone reductor and differential mechanism |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1073216C (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012135842A (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2012-07-19 | Makita Corp | Power tool |
| CN102979834A (en) * | 2011-09-02 | 2013-03-20 | 马晓刚 | Frication type wheel disc |
| CN102537248A (en) * | 2012-01-16 | 2012-07-04 | 浙江大学 | Conical surface friction differential transmission |
| CN102943854A (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2013-02-27 | 王榕生 | Planet friction wheel reducing speed increaser |
| JP6506015B2 (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2019-04-24 | 日本電産シンポ株式会社 | Friction reducer |
| CN104976335B (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2019-01-04 | 武汉大学 | A kind of adjustable planetary gear of amount of floating carries relocation mechanism |
| CN106374719B (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2018-06-22 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of retarder for lacking range magnetic gear with 2K-H types |
| CN107956843A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-04-24 | 吉林大学青岛汽车研究院 | A kind of planetary frictional drive reducing gear with self energizing effort structure |
| CN108984854B (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2022-08-30 | 湖北文理学院 | Method and device for determining wear depth |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2127966Y (en) * | 1992-07-07 | 1993-03-10 | 孟宪铎 | Stepless speed variable device |
| CN2130961Y (en) * | 1992-06-15 | 1993-04-28 | 张树杰 | Gearing device for friction type epicyclic transmission steples'speed variator |
| CN2172818Y (en) * | 1992-02-25 | 1994-07-27 | 四川通达机电技术开发公司 | Medium-low speed high-efficient variable drive |
-
1994
- 1994-12-23 CN CN94113224A patent/CN1073216C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2172818Y (en) * | 1992-02-25 | 1994-07-27 | 四川通达机电技术开发公司 | Medium-low speed high-efficient variable drive |
| CN2130961Y (en) * | 1992-06-15 | 1993-04-28 | 张树杰 | Gearing device for friction type epicyclic transmission steples'speed variator |
| CN2127966Y (en) * | 1992-07-07 | 1993-03-10 | 孟宪铎 | Stepless speed variable device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1125297A (en) | 1996-06-26 |
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Expiration termination date: 20141223 Granted publication date: 20011017 |