CN107317486A - 一种交流降压电路 - Google Patents

一种交流降压电路 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107317486A
CN107317486A CN201710604097.0A CN201710604097A CN107317486A CN 107317486 A CN107317486 A CN 107317486A CN 201710604097 A CN201710604097 A CN 201710604097A CN 107317486 A CN107317486 A CN 107317486A
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circuit
input
output end
voltage
output
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熊旺龙
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Shenzhen Race Electronics Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Race Electronics Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201710604097.0A priority Critical patent/CN107317486A/zh
Priority to US15/687,168 priority patent/US10461648B2/en
Publication of CN107317486A publication Critical patent/CN107317486A/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33523—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/25—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using digital measurement techniques
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/1216—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for AC-AC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/327—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection against abnormal temperatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only

Abstract

本发明公开了一种交流降压电路，包括AC输入端、DC输出端、AC输出端、全桥整流滤波电路、反激式降压电路、DC‑DC降压单元和逆变单元；AC输入端与全桥整流滤波电路的输入端连接；全桥整流滤波电路的输出端分别与反激式降压电路的输入端、DC‑DC降压单元的输入端连接；反激式降压电路的输出端分别与DC输出端、DC‑DC降压单元的输入端、逆变单元的输入端连接；DC‑DC降压单元的输出端与逆变单元的输入端连接；逆变单元的输出端与AC输出端连接。本发明一种交流降压电路，通过全桥整流滤波电路、反激式降压电路、DC‑DC降压单元和逆变单元将交流信号转换成直流信号和交流信号，不仅电路结构简单，而且同时实现交流转交流信号、交流转直流信号，功能丰富，满足用户需求。

Description

一种交流降压电路
技术领域
本发明涉及交流降压领域，尤其是一种交流降压电路。
背景技术
随着工业和科技的发展，各式各样的电子产品和家电等电子设备不断出现，然而各种各样的电子产品和家电设备所需的工作电压各有不同；有一些需要直流电的工作电压，有些需要提供交流电才能正常工作；而且电子设备所需的工作电压的电压值也不尽相同；因此，交流降压电路应运而生，它可以对交流电进行处理，产生不同电压值的交流电或者直流电以满足不同电子设备的要求，因此，受到人们的广泛欢迎和关注；然而，现有的交流降压电路一般较为庞大复杂，设计和制作成本高；而且功能单一；只能提供交流或者直流的电压，用户体验差。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明的目的是提供一种电路简单、功能丰富的交流降压电路。
本发明所采用的技术方案是：一种交流降压电路，包括AC输入端、DC输出端、AC输出端、全桥整流滤波电路、反激式降压电路、DC-DC降压单元和逆变单元；所述AC输入端与全桥整流滤波电路的输入端连接；所述全桥整流滤波电路的输出端分别与反激式降压电路的输入端、DC-DC降压单元的输入端连接；所述反激式降压电路的输出端分别与DC输出端、DC-DC降压单元的输入端、逆变单元的输入端连接；所述DC-DC降压单元的输出端与逆变单元的输入端连接；所述逆变单元的输出端与AC输出端连接。
进一步地，所述交流降压电路还包括风扇电路，所述逆变单元的输出端与风扇电路的输入端连接。
进一步地，所述交流降压电路还包括温度检测电路，所述温度检测电路的输出端与逆变单元的输入端连接。
进一步地，所述交流降压电路还包括工作状态指示电路，所述逆变单元的输出端与工作状态指示电路的输入端连接。
进一步地，所述交流降压电路还包括DC输出电压控制电路，所述DC输出电压控制电路与DC输出端连接。
进一步地，所述DC-DC降压单元包括第一主控电路、DC-DC降压电路、电流检测电路和电压反馈电路；所述全桥整流滤波电路的输出端与DC-DC降压电路的输入端连接；所述反激式降压电路的输出端与第一主控电路的输入端连接；所述DC-DC降压电路的输出端分别与逆变单元的输入端、电流检测电路的输入端、电压反馈电路的输入端连接；所述电流检测电路的输出端、电压反馈电路的输出端与第一主控电路的输入端连接；所述第一主控电路的输出端与DC-DC降压电路的输入端连接。
进一步地，所述逆变单元包括电流电压检测电路、第二主控电路、DC-AC全桥开关电路和PWM控制电路；所述DC-DC降压单元的输出端与电流电压检测电路的输入端连接；所述反激式降压电路的输出端与第二主控电路的输入端连接；所述电流电压检测电路的输出端分别与第二主控电路的输入端、DC-AC全桥开关电路的输入端连接；所述第二主控电路的输出端与PWM控制电路的输入端连接；所述PWM控制电路的输出端与DC-AC全桥开关电路的输入端连接；所述DC-AC全桥开关电路的输出端与AC输出端连接。
进一步地，所述反激式降压电路为PWM控制器芯片及其外围电路。
进一步地，所述第一主控电路为PWM控制器芯片及其外围电路。
进一步地，所述第二主控电路为单片机及其外围电路。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明一种交流降压电路，通过全桥整流滤波电路、反激式降压电路、DC-DC降压单元和逆变单元将交流信号转换成直流信号和交流信号，不仅电路结构简单，而且同时实现交流转交流信号、交流转直流信号，功能丰富，满足用户需求，提高了用户体验。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明：
图1是本发明一种交流降压电路的结构框图；
图2是本发明一种交流降压电路的一具体实施例结构框图；
图3是本发明一种交流降压电路的AC输入端和全桥整流滤波电路的一具体实施例电路图；
图4是本发明一种交流降压电路的反激式降压电路、DC输出端和DC输出电压控制电路的一具体实施例电路图；
图5是本发明一种交流降压电路的第一主控电路、电流检测电路、DC-DC降压电路、电压反馈电路的一具体实施例电路图；
图6是本发明一种交流降压电路的电流电压检测电路、PWM控制电路、DC-AC全桥开关电路和AC输出端的一具体实施例电路图；
图7是本发明一种交流降压电路的第二主控电路、风扇电路、温度检测电路和工作状态指示电路的一具体实施例电路图。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
参考图1，图1是本发明一种交流降压电路的结构框图，一种交流降压电路，包括AC输入端、DC输出端、AC输出端、全桥整流滤波电路、反激式降压电路、DC-DC降压单元和逆变单元；AC输入端与全桥整流滤波电路的输入端连接；全桥整流滤波电路的输出端分别与反激式降压电路的输入端、DC-DC降压单元的输入端连接；反激式降压电路的输出端分别与DC输出端、DC-DC降压单元的输入端、逆变单元的输入端连接；DC-DC降压单元的输出端与逆变单元的输入端连接；逆变单元的输出端与AC输出端连接。
本发明一种交流降压电路，通过全桥整流滤波电路、反激式降压电路、DC-DC降压单元和逆变单元将交流信号转换成直流信号和交流信号，不仅电路结构简单，而且同时实现交流转交流信号、交流转直流信号，功能丰富，满足用户需求，提高了用户体验。
参考图2和图3，图2是本发明一种交流降压电路的一具体实施例结构框图；图3是本发明一种交流降压电路的AC输入端和全桥整流滤波电路的一具体实施例电路图；交流信号通过AC输入端JP1输入交流降压电路进行处理，并通过全桥整流滤波电路将输入的交流信号转换成直流信号供后续电路进行处理。其中，在AC输入端设置有电源开关S1，用于作为交流降压电路的总开关；AC输入端还设置有浪涌缓冲电路，它由一颗10D-9热敏电阻RT1构成，可降低AC输入端输入的瞬时电流的大小，保护交流降压电路。
作为技术方案的进一步改进，参考图2和图4，图4是本发明一种交流降压电路的反激式降压电路、DC输出端和DC输出电压控制电路的一具体实施例电路图；反激式降压电路为PWM控制器芯片IC1及其外围电路；具体地，PWM控制器芯片IC1采用UC3843型号的PWM控制器来实现。另外，本发明中，DC输出端为USB输出接口，例如图3中的USB1、USB2、USB3和USB4；实际使用时；交流降压电路可以通过USB输出接口为外部的USB充电设备提供电能。进一步地，交流降压电路还包括DC输出电压控制电路，DC输出电压控制电路与DC输出端连接；具体地，DC输出电压控制电路采用SE2513型号的USB专用充电端口控制器芯片来实现，如图4中的IC6、IC7；它能通过识别USB输出接口的端口电压，智能输出给USB输出接口所连接的USB充电设备所需的电压信号值；提高了交流降压电路的智能性。
作为技术方案的进一步改进，参考图2，DC-DC降压单元包括第一主控电路、DC-DC降压电路、电流检测电路和电压反馈电路；全桥整流滤波电路的输出端与DC-DC降压电路的输入端连接；反激式降压电路的输出端与第一主控电路的输入端连接；DC-DC降压电路的输出端分别与逆变单元的输入端、电流检测电路的输入端、电压反馈电路的输入端连接；电流检测电路的输出端、电压反馈电路的输出端与第一主控电路的输入端连接；第一主控电路的输出端与DC-DC降压电路的输入端连接。参考图4和图5，图5是本发明一种交流降压电路的第一主控电路、电流检测电路、DC-DC降压电路、电压反馈电路的一具体实施例电路图；第一主控电路为PWM控制器芯片IC2及其外围电路，本实施例中，PWM控制器芯片IC2采用UC3843型号的PWM控制器来实现；DC-DC降压电路由功率开关管M1、功率电感L1，滤波电容CE6串联和续流二极管D7组成；电流检测电路采用R19电阻作为电流取样电阻，电阻R20与电容C9组成RC积分电路，第一主控电路通过RC积分电路逐周期采集到电流取样电阻R19上的电流信号；电压反馈电路，电阻R10、R11、R33串联在DC-DC降压电路的正负输出端，构成电压取样电阻，电压取样信号通过可编程精密基准三端IC8进行比较，通过光耦PC2将电压信号反馈第一主控电路，完成电压反馈。本实施例中，反激式降压电路的输出端通过供电电路与第一主控电路的输入端连接，通过供电电路转换成适用于第一主控电路的工作电压。
参考图2、图3和图5，全桥整流滤波电路输出的直流信号通过DC-DC降压电路转换成低电压的直流信号，电流检测电路采集DC-DC降压电路的电流信号并输入第一主控电路，第一主控电路通过内部高精度基准电路与采集到的电流信号进行比较调整输出的PWM脉宽，控制DC-DC降压电路输出稳定的直流信号。同时电压反馈电路将DC-DC降压电路的电压信号反馈到第一主控电路，第一主控电路将电压反馈信号与内部高精度基准电路比较调整PWM脉宽，控制DC-DC降压电路输出稳定的电压。
作为技术方案的进一步改进，参考图2，逆变单元包括电流电压检测电路、第二主控电路、DC-AC全桥开关电路和PWM控制电路；DC-DC降压单元的输出端与电流电压检测电路的输入端连接，即DC-DC降压电路的输出端与电流电压检测电路的输入端连接；反激式降压电路的输出端与第二主控电路的输入端连接；电流电压检测电路的输出端分别与第二主控电路的输入端、DC-AC全桥开关电路的输入端连接；第二主控电路的输出端与PWM控制电路的输入端连接；PWM控制电路的输出端与DC-AC全桥开关电路的输入端连接；DC-AC全桥开关电路的输出端与AC输出端连接。
参考图2、图5、图6和图7，图6是本发明一种交流降压电路的电流电压检测电路、PWM控制电路、DC-AC全桥开关电路和AC输出端的一具体实施例电路图；图7是本发明一种交流降压电路的第二主控电路、风扇电路、温度检测电路和工作状态指示电路的一具体实施例电路图；本实施例中，AC输出端还设置有浪涌缓冲电路，它由一颗10D-9热敏电阻RT3构成，可降低AC输出端输出的瞬时电流的大小，保护交流降压电路所连接的设备不被瞬时大电流所损坏。DC-DC降压电路的输出端与电流电压检测电路的输入端连接；电流电压检测电路中，采用电阻R36、R37、R55、R56作为电压检测电路，电容C20为电压检测滤波电容，并通过输出电压信号取样端VF将检测到的DC-DC降压电路的输出电压信号传输至第二主控电路。电阻R40和电容C17构成RC积分电路，并将电流取样电阻R38的实时电流信号转换成电压信号通过输出过流信号取样端CS输入到第二主控电路；电阻R39、R41分压通过滤波电容C16，并将电流取样电阻R38的实时电流信号准换成电压信号通过输出过载信号取样端WS输入到第二主控电路；第二主控电路根据电流电压检测电路所检测到的电压电流信息，控制交流降压电路中其他电路的工作。
参考图2、图5、图6和图7，DC-AC全桥开关电路是由功率管M3、功率管M4、功率管M5、功率管M6组成，功率管M3和功率管M5的漏极连接到DC-DC降压电路的输出正极，功率管M4、功率管M6的源极连接到电流取样电阻R38一端，电流取样电阻R38的另一端连接到DC-DC降压电路的输出负极，第二主控电路通过发送PWM1和PWM2信号来控制DC-AC全桥开关电路的；功率管M3的源极和功率管M4的漏极相连通过RT1热敏电阻连接到AC输出端的火线，功率管M5的源极和功率管M6的漏极连接到AC输出端的零线。
参考图2、图6和图7，PWM控制电路中，PWM1和PWM2是由第二主控电路输出的互补式推挽信号，PWM1信号通过分压电阻R44和R45驱动三极管Q2；三极管Q2控制功率管M3和M4的驱动电路，功率管M3和M4为推挽工作模式，M4功率管的驱动电压由+12V经过电阻R51、R54提供，二极管D12为功率管M4加速关断提供放电回路，功率管M3的驱动电压由第一自举电路供电，(第一自举电路包括驱动电阻R52、电阻R53、放电二极管D14、自举二极管D12和自举电容C21)。PWM2信号通过分压电阻R74、R75驱动三极管Q6，三极管Q6控制功率管M5、M6的驱动电路，功率管M5、M6为推挽工作模式，功率管M6的驱动电压由+12V经过电阻R67、R71提供，二极管D16为功率管M6加速关断提供放电回路，功率管M5的驱动电压由第二自举电路供电。(第二自举电路包括电阻R68、电阻R70、放电二极管D15、自举二极管D17、自举电容C24)。电阻R48、R50为三极管Q3的基极分压驱动电阻；电阻R72，R73为三极管Q5的基极分压驱动电阻。
作为技术方案的进一步改进，参考图2，交流降压电路还包括风扇电路，逆变单元的输出端与风扇电路的输入端连接；反激式降压电路通过第一三端稳压电路为风扇电路提供工作电压；进一步地，交流降压电路还包括温度检测电路和工作状态指示电路，温度检测电路的输出端与逆变单元的输入端连接；逆变单元的输出端与工作状态指示电路的输入端连接。
参考图2、图4、图5、图6和图7，反激式降压电路通过第一三端稳压电路、第二三端稳压电路与第二主控电路连接，通过第一三端稳压电路和第二三端稳压电路为第二主控电路供电；第一三端稳压电路为78L12三端稳压管及其外围电路；第二三端稳压电路为78L05三端稳压管及其外围电路；第二主控电路负责DC-AC信号转换控制；第二主控电路为单片机及其外围电路，具体地，单片机采用EM78P259N型号的单片机IC10来实现；外围电路包括AC输出电压基准电路、AC输出频率基准电路和AC输出过载短路基准电压电路；AC输出电压基准电路包括电阻R55和R56，通过它们设定基准AC输出电压；AC输出频率基准电路包括R63和R65，设定基准AC输出频率50HZ/60HZ；AC输出过载短路基准电压电路包括电阻R64、可编程精密基准三端IC9、电容C23和C25、电阻R66和R69；+12V通过电阻R64、可编程精密基准三端IC9、滤波电容C23输出2.5V基准电压，再由电阻R66和R69分压和电容C25滤波后得到的基准AC输出过载短路电压；在单片机上电后，首先检测外围设定的基准电路(AC输出电压基准电路、AC输出频率基准电路、AC输出过载短路基准电压电路)，将检测到的模拟信号通过单片机内部AD转换器转换成数字信号，并作为DC-AC转换控制的基准信号，单片机自检完成后，主动检测输出电压信号取样端VF、过流信号取样端CS、输出过载信号取样端WS所采集到的模拟信号，单片机内部的AD转换器将模拟信号转变为数字信号，由程序运算并计算出稳定AC输出的数字信号和AC输出异常控制数字信号，再由单片机内部的DA转换器将数字信号转变为PWM模拟信号、AC输出异常处理信号输出至PWM控制电路和工作状态指示电路。
参考图2、图3、图4、图5、图6和图7，本实施例中，工作状态指示电路为LED指示电路，如LED1；具体地，单片机通过实时检测电流电压检测电路的电压信号，与单片机外围电路设定的基准AC输出过载短路电压比较，若过流信号取样端CS检测到的电压信号电平高于基准电压电平，则判断AC输出端输出过流或输出短路，单片机开启短路保护功能，通过关闭PWM控制电路达到关闭AC输出目的；若输出过载信号取样端WS检测到的电压信号电平高于基准电压电平，则判断AC输出端输出过载，单片机开启过载保护功能，通过关闭PWM控制电路到达关闭AC输出的目的。同时，LED指示电路作出相应指示，AC输出正常时单片机输出低电平，LED显示绿色；AC输出过载或短路时，单片机计数过载或短路次数少于两次，重新启动电流检测电路、DC-AC全桥开关电路和PWM控制电路；单片机并计数过载或短路次数，连续达到两次计数则关闭电流检测电路、DC-AC全桥开关电路和PWM控制电路，不再开启电流检测电路、DC-AC全桥开关电路和PWM控制电路，需要重新启动电源开关S1；无AC输出时，单片机输出高电平信号，LED显示红色。另外，温度检测电路采用NTC热敏电阻RT2来实现，单片机通过检测温度检测电路中的模拟信号，单片机内部AD转换器将模拟信号转换成数字信号，并与内部已设定好的温度数字信号比较，实时监控交流降压电路的环境温度。最后，风扇电路为风扇及其外围电路，当单片机将温度检测电路实时检测到的温度数字信号与内部设定好的温度数字信号比较，并判断交流降压电路的环境温度高于设定温度时，单片机输出高电平开启风扇降低电源温度，判断交流降压电路的环境温度低于设定温度时，单片机输出低电平关闭风扇。
以上是对本发明的较佳实施进行了具体说明，但本发明创造并不限于所述实施例，熟悉本领域的技术人员在不违背本发明精神的前提下还可做出种种的等同变形或替换，这些等同的变形或替换均包含在本申请权利要求所限定的范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种交流降压电路，其特征在于，包括AC输入端、DC输出端、AC输出端、全桥整流滤波电路、反激式降压电路、DC-DC降压单元和逆变单元；所述AC输入端与全桥整流滤波电路的输入端连接；所述全桥整流滤波电路的输出端分别与反激式降压电路的输入端、DC-DC降压单元的输入端连接；所述反激式降压电路的输出端分别与DC输出端、DC-DC降压单元的输入端、逆变单元的输入端连接；所述DC-DC降压单元的输出端与逆变单元的输入端连接；所述逆变单元的输出端与AC输出端连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的交流降压电路，其特征在于，所述交流降压电路还包括风扇电路，所述逆变单元的输出端与风扇电路的输入端连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的交流降压电路，其特征在于，所述交流降压电路还包括温度检测电路，所述温度检测电路的输出端与逆变单元的输入端连接。
4.根据权利要求1所述的交流降压电路，其特征在于，所述交流降压电路还包括工作状态指示电路，所述逆变单元的输出端与工作状态指示电路的输入端连接。
5.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的交流降压电路，其特征在于，所述交流降压电路还包括DC输出电压控制电路，所述DC输出电压控制电路与DC输出端连接。
6.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的交流降压电路，其特征在于，所述DC-DC降压单元包括第一主控电路、DC-DC降压电路、电流检测电路和电压反馈电路；所述全桥整流滤波电路的输出端与DC-DC降压电路的输入端连接；所述反激式降压电路的输出端与第一主控电路的输入端连接；所述DC-DC降压电路的输出端分别与逆变单元的输入端、电流检测电路的输入端、电压反馈电路的输入端连接；所述电流检测电路的输出端、电压反馈电路的输出端与第一主控电路的输入端连接；所述第一主控电路的输出端与DC-DC降压电路的输入端连接。
7.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的交流降压电路，其特征在于，所述逆变单元包括电流电压检测电路、第二主控电路、DC-AC全桥开关电路和PWM控制电路；所述DC-DC降压单元的输出端与电流电压检测电路的输入端连接；所述反激式降压电路的输出端与第二主控电路的输入端连接；所述电流电压检测电路的输出端分别与第二主控电路的输入端、DC-AC全桥开关电路的输入端连接；所述第二主控电路的输出端与PWM控制电路的输入端连接；所述PWM控制电路的输出端与DC-AC全桥开关电路的输入端连接；所述DC-AC全桥开关电路的输出端与AC输出端连接。
8.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的交流降压电路，其特征在于，所述反激式降压电路为PWM控制器芯片及其外围电路。
9.根据权利要求6所述的交流降压电路，其特征在于，所述第一主控电路为PWM控制器芯片及其外围电路。
10.根据权利要求7所述的交流降压电路，其特征在于，所述第二主控电路为单片机及其外围电路。
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