CN107316129B - Comprehensive assessment method for natural disaster flashover risk of power transmission line - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive assessment method for natural disaster flashover risks of a power transmission line, which is based on traditional power transmission line lightning stroke, ice flashover, pollution flashover and windage yaw flashover model researches, calculates the flashover probability of the power transmission line under the current natural disaster condition, determines the load loss after the flashover fault of the line, and finally carries out grade division by taking the ratio of the load loss to the power load of a power grid as a risk value, thereby realizing the comprehensive assessment of the flashover risks of different types of natural disasters of the power transmission line. The invention provides a uniform and quantitative reference basis for the disaster prevention and reduction work of different types of natural disasters of the power transmission line.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power grid disaster prevention and reduction, and particularly relates to a comprehensive assessment method for natural disaster flashover risk of a power transmission line.
Background
The outdoor running power transmission line is exposed in the atmospheric environment for a long time, is easily influenced by natural disasters such as lightning stroke, ice coating, dirt, strong wind and the like, and has prominent tripping risk. At present, a large amount of research work has been carried out by scholars at home and abroad aiming at the evaluation of flashover risks of power transmission lines under the influence of different natural disasters.
In the aspect of lightning flashover evaluation, a rule method, an electrical geometric model or a lightning lead development model is often adopted to analyze the shielding failure lightning-resistant performance of the power transmission line; in the aspect of ice flash assessment, the main methods for calculating the icing growth thickness are a Goodwin model, an Imai model and a Makkonen model; in the aspect of pollution flashover evaluation, the pollution flashover voltage of the insulator is generally calculated based on a pollution flashover model in which an electric arc and a residual pollution layer resistor are connected in series; in the aspect of windage yaw flashover evaluation, a mature and simple method is used for calculating the minimum air gap between the insulator string and the tower through a rigid body straight rod model. Based on the research results, the flashover probability of the power transmission line under the common natural disaster condition is calculated, and a basis can be provided for risk assessment work of the line.
However, at present, flashover risk assessment of a power transmission line is usually performed for a single natural disaster, and adopted assessment indexes are inconsistent for flashover risks of different natural disasters. For example, in the process of evaluating the flashover risk of the power transmission line, such as lightning stroke, ice flashover, pollution flashover and windage yaw flashover, the key research objects are lightning current amplitude, icing thickness, equivalent salt deposit density, windage yaw clearance and the like, and a unified evaluation model is not provided, so that the method is suitable for evaluating the flashover risk of the power transmission line under different natural disaster conditions. Therefore, a new assessment method aiming at the flashover risk of the natural disaster of the power transmission line is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a comprehensive evaluation method for natural disaster flashover risks of a power transmission line according to load loss after line faults caused by natural disasters on the basis of traditional power transmission line lightning stroke, ice flashover, pollution flashover and windage yaw flashover model researches, so as to provide a uniform and quantitative reference basis for disaster prevention and reduction work of different types of natural disasters of the power transmission line.
The method is based on the traditional power transmission line lightning stroke, ice flashover, pollution flashover and windage yaw flashover model research, calculates the flashover probability of the power transmission line under the current natural disaster condition, determines the load loss after the flashover fault of the line, and finally carries out grade division by taking the ratio of the load loss to the power load of the power grid as a risk value, thereby realizing the comprehensive evaluation of the flashover risks of different types of natural disasters of the power transmission line: the method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, judging whether the current transmission line operation condition can cause flashover fault;
s2, calculating flashover probability under the corresponding fault type;
s3, determining load loss after different natural disaster faults;
and S4, evaluating the flashover risk level of the natural disaster of the power transmission line according to the load loss determined in the S3.
The method for judging whether the current transmission line operation condition causes flashover fault in the S1 comprises the following steps:
comparing the lightning current amplitude, the icing thickness, the equivalent salt deposit density and the windage yaw clearance which are actually measured at present with the corresponding critical threshold value when the insulator is in flashover, and if the lightning current amplitude, the icing thickness, the equivalent salt deposit density and the windage yaw clearance exceed the corresponding critical threshold value, judging that the corresponding flashover fault occurs; otherwise, the flashover risk of the natural disaster of the output power transmission line is zero.
The step of calculating the flashover probability under the corresponding fault type in the step S2 is as follows:
when the power transmission line is in lightning flashover, the lightning stroke is carried out according to the critical impact distance rscCalculating the maximum shielding failure dangerous current ImaxIs composed of
If the lightning current amplitude I is measured<ImaxThe voltage difference U between the two ends of the insulator is
In the formula, Z0Wave impedance of the main discharge channel; zdIs the equivalent wave impedance of the wire;
lightning impulse flashover voltage U of 50% of contrast insulator50％Calculating the lightning flashover probability f as
In the formula, sigma is the standard deviation of the lightning flashover voltage, and phi is the standard normal distribution;
when the ice flashover of the transmission line occurs, U50％Is calculated by the formula
In the formula: kfConstants related to insulator type, material, gas pressure, voltage type, etc.; a. b is the influence characteristic index of salt density and ash density respectively; rhoESDD，ρNSDDRespectively equal salt deposit density and ash density value of the surface of the insulator in mg/cm2；P、P0Respectively the air pressure of a high-altitude area and the standard reference atmospheric pressure; m ispIs a gas pressure influence characteristic index; t is ambient temperature, DEG C; omegatIs a temperature influence index; m is the insulator icing weight, kg/piece; w is amIs a characteristic index representing the influence of the amount of ice coating;
when the transmission line is polluted and flashed, U50％Is calculated by the formula
When the power transmission line has windage yaw flashover, the calculation formula of the minimum air gap d is as follows
Wherein η is the included angle between the tower body and the cross arm, D is the minimum air gap m, lambda is the distance from the hanging point of the suspension insulator to the wire m, and DLIs the outer diameter of the wire, m;
the wind deflection angle and the degree of the suspension insulator string are shown; xAThe distance m from the suspension point of the insulator to the initial point of the tower; xCThe distance m from the intersection point of the tower body and the cross arm to the initial point of the tower is shown;
inquiring a relation curve of the clearance distance and the breakdown voltage to obtain a flashover voltage U when the windage yaw clearance is d50％；
According to the ice flashover, pollution flashover and windage yaw flashover voltage U50％Calculating the flashover probability f of ice flashover, pollution flashover and windage yaw flashover as
In the formula of UopThe standard deviation of the lightning flashover voltage is sigma, and the standard normal distribution is phi.
The load loss L in S3 is calculated by the formula
L＝S×F
The method comprises the following steps that S is the power grid load reduction size, namely the minimum value of the power grid load reduction needed for meeting the static safety constraint of a power grid after the power transmission line flashover fault is caused by natural disasters; the load reduction probability F is calculated by the formula
F＝f×r
In the formula, f is flashover probability under different fault types; and r is the reclosing failure rate after the flashover trip of the power transmission line under the corresponding fault type. For a transmission line without a reclosing device installed, r is 1.
The step of evaluating the flashover risk level of the power transmission line according to the load loss determined in the step S3 in the step S4 is as follows:
the ratio L of the load loss L of the power transmission line after the natural disaster fault to the power load of the power gridtotalAs flashover risk value P, there are
The method for determining the flashover risk grade according to the flashover risk value comprises the following steps: when P is 0, the risk level is zero, and the risk degree is zero risk; when P is more than 0 and less than or equal to 5 percent, the risk grade is I grade, and the risk degree is smaller risk; when P is less than or equal to 5% and less than or equal to 10%, the risk grade is II grade, and the risk degree is general risk; when P is less than or equal to 20% and is 10%, the risk level is level III, and the risk degree is a larger risk; when P is more than 20%, the risk grade is grade IV, and the risk degree is a great risk.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: a unified and effective evaluation method is provided for the operation risks of the power grid under different types of disasters, namely, the load reduction probability and the load reduction size are calculated to determine the load amount possibly lost under each disaster fault, and the load amount is compared with the power load of the power grid to divide flashover risk levels, so that the evaluated risk levels not only can fully reflect the influence degree of each disaster on the operation state of the power grid, but also can be compared with each other in evaluation results under different types of disasters, and the influence severity of the different types of disasters on the operation state of the power grid is reflected. The method can be used for online evaluation of the natural disaster risk of the power transmission line, different evaluation methods are not needed for different types of disasters, the workload and the working complexity of line operation and maintenance personnel are greatly reduced, evaluation results are contrastive, and the influence degree of the power grid operation state under different types of disasters can be more intuitively known.
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The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a comprehensive assessment method for natural disaster flashover risk of a power transmission line;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a model for calculating windage yaw gap of a power transmission line.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the method for evaluating the contamination degree of an insulator according to meteorological data at a tower of a power transmission line specifically includes the following steps:
s1, judging whether the current transmission line operation condition can cause flashover fault;
comparing the lightning current amplitude, the icing thickness, the equivalent salt deposit density and the windage yaw clearance which are actually measured at present with the corresponding critical threshold value when the insulator is in flashover, and if the lightning current amplitude, the icing thickness, the equivalent salt deposit density and the windage yaw clearance exceed the corresponding critical threshold value, judging that the corresponding flashover fault occurs; otherwise, the flashover risk of the natural disaster of the output power transmission line is zero. Such as: judging that lightning flashover faults can occur when the actually measured lightning current amplitude exceeds a lightning current amplitude critical threshold, judging that ice flashover faults can occur when the ice coating thickness exceeds an ice coating thickness critical threshold, judging that pollution flashover faults can occur when the equivalent salt density exceeds an equivalent salt density critical threshold, and judging that wind deflection flashover faults can occur when the wind deflection clearance exceeds a wind deflection clearance critical threshold;
s2, calculating flashover probability under the corresponding fault type;
when the power transmission line is in lightning flashover, the lightning stroke is carried out according to the critical impact distance rscCalculating the maximum shielding failure dangerous current ImaxIs composed of
If the lightning current amplitude I is measured<ImaxThe voltage difference U between the two ends of the insulator is
In the formula, Z0Wave impedance of the main discharge channel; zdIs the equivalent wave impedance of the wire;
lightning impulse flashover voltage U of 50% of contrast insulator50％Calculating the lightning flashover probability f as
In the formula, sigma is the standard deviation of the lightning flashover voltage, and phi is the standard normal distribution;
when the ice flashover of the transmission line occurs, U50％Is calculated by the formula
In the formula: kfConstants related to insulator type, material, gas pressure, voltage type, etc.; a. b is the influence characteristic index of salt density and ash density respectively; rhoESDD，ρNSDDRespectively equal salt deposit density and ash density value of the surface of the insulator in mg/cm2；P、P0Respectively the air pressure of a high-altitude area and the standard reference atmospheric pressure; m ispIs a gas pressure influence characteristic index; t is ambient temperature, DEG C; omegatIs a temperature influence index; m is the insulator icing weight, kg/piece; w is amIs a characteristic index representing the influence of the amount of ice coating;
when the transmission line is polluted and flashed, U50％Is calculated by the formula
Referring to fig. 2, when the power transmission line has windage yaw flashover, the calculation formula of the minimum air gap d is as follows
Wherein η is the included angle between the tower body and the cross arm, d is the minimum air gap, m, and lambda isThe distance from the suspension point of the suspension insulator string to the wire, m; dLIs the outer diameter of the wire, m;
the wind deflection angle and the degree of the suspension insulator string are shown; xAThe distance m from the suspension point (point A) of the insulator to the initial point (point O) of the tower; xCThe distance m is the distance from the intersection point (C point) of the tower body and the cross arm to the starting point (O point) of the tower;
inquiring a relation curve of the clearance distance and the breakdown voltage to obtain a flashover voltage U when the windage yaw clearance is d50％；
According to the ice flashover, pollution flashover and windage yaw flashover voltage U50％Calculating the flashover probability f of ice flashover, pollution flashover and windage yaw flashover as
In the formula of UopThe voltage is the running phase voltage of the power transmission line, sigma is the standard deviation of the lightning flashover voltage, and phi is the standard normal distribution;
s3, determining load loss after different natural disaster faults;
the load loss L is calculated by the formula
L＝S×F
The method comprises the following steps that S is the power grid load reduction size, namely the minimum value of the power grid load reduction needed for meeting the static safety constraint of a power grid after the power transmission line flashover fault is caused by natural disasters; f is the load reduction probability, and for the power transmission line provided with the reclosing device, the load reduction probability is the product of the line flashover probability and the reclosing failure rate; for the power transmission line without the reclosing device, the load reduction probability is the line flashover probability;
s4, evaluating the flashover risk level of the power transmission line according to the load loss determined in the S3;
the ratio L of the load loss L of the power transmission line after the natural disaster fault to the power load of the power gridtotalAs flashover risk value P, there are
The flashover risk grade determined according to the flashover risk value is determined in such a way that when P is 0, the risk grade is zero, and the risk degree is zero risk; when P is more than 0 and less than or equal to 5 percent, the risk grade is I grade, and the risk degree is smaller risk; when P is less than or equal to 5% and less than or equal to 10%, the risk grade is II grade, and the risk degree is general risk; when P is less than or equal to 20% and is 10%, the risk level is level III, and the risk degree is a larger risk; when P is more than 20%, the risk grade is grade IV, and the risk degree is a great risk.
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A comprehensive assessment method for natural disaster flashover risks of a power transmission line is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, judging whether the current transmission line operation condition can cause flashover fault;
s2, calculating flashover probability under the corresponding fault type;
s3, determining load loss after different natural disaster faults;
s4, evaluating the flashover risk level of the power transmission line according to the load loss determined in the S3;
the step of calculating the flashover probability under the corresponding fault type in the step S2 is as follows:
when the power transmission line is in lightning flashover, the lightning stroke is carried out according to the critical impact distance rscCalculating the maximum shielding failure dangerous current ImaxIs composed of
If the lightning current amplitude I is measured<ImaxThe voltage difference U between the two ends of the insulator is
In the formula, Z0Wave impedance of the main discharge channel; zdIs the equivalent wave impedance of the wire;
lightning impulse flashover voltage U of 50% of contrast insulator50％Calculating the flashover probability f as
In the formula, sigma is the standard deviation of the lightning flashover voltage, and phi is the standard normal distribution;
when the ice flashover of the transmission line occurs, U50％Is calculated by the formula
In the formula: kfConstants related to insulator type, material, gas pressure, voltage type, etc.; a. b is the influence characteristic index of salt density and ash density respectively; rhoESDD、ρNSDDRespectively equal salt deposit density and ash density value of the surface of the insulator in mg/cm2；P、P0Respectively the air pressure of a high-altitude area and the standard reference atmospheric pressure; m ispIs a gas pressure influence characteristic index; t is ambient temperature, DEG C; omegatIs a temperature influence index; m is the insulator icing weight, kg/piece; w is amIs a characteristic index representing the influence of the amount of ice coating;
when the transmission line is polluted and flashed, U50％Is calculated by the formula
When the power transmission line has windage yaw flashover, the calculation formula of the minimum air gap d is as follows
Wherein η is the included angle between the tower body and the cross arm, D is the minimum air gap m, lambda is the distance from the hanging point of the suspension insulator to the wire m, and DLIs the outer diameter of the wire, m;
the wind deflection angle and the degree of the suspension insulator string are shown; xAThe distance m from the suspension point of the insulator to the initial point of the tower; xCThe distance m from the intersection point of the tower body and the cross arm to the initial point of the tower is shown;
inquiring a relation curve of the clearance distance and the breakdown voltage to obtain a flashover voltage U when the windage yaw clearance is d50％；
According to the ice flashover, pollution flashover and windage yaw flashover voltage U50％Calculating the flashover probability f of ice flashover, pollution flashover and windage yaw flashover as
In the formula of UopThe standard deviation of the lightning flashover voltage is sigma, and the standard normal distribution is phi.
2. The comprehensive assessment method for natural disaster flashover risk of power transmission line according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method for judging whether the current transmission line operation condition causes flashover fault in the S1 comprises the following steps:
comparing the lightning current amplitude, the icing thickness, the equivalent salt deposit density and the windage yaw clearance which are actually measured at present with the corresponding critical threshold value when the insulator is in flashover, and if the lightning current amplitude, the icing thickness, the equivalent salt deposit density and the windage yaw clearance exceed the corresponding critical threshold value, judging that the corresponding flashover fault occurs; otherwise, the flashover risk of the natural disaster of the output power transmission line is zero.
3. The comprehensive assessment method for natural disaster flashover risk of power transmission line according to claim 1, characterized in that: the load loss L in S3 is calculated by the formula
L＝S×F
And F is the load reduction and supply probability.
4. The comprehensive assessment method for natural disaster flashover risk of power transmission lines according to claim 3, characterized in that:
the load reduction probability F is calculated by the formula
F＝f×r
In the formula, f is flashover probability under different fault types; r is the reclosing failure rate after the flashover trip of the power transmission line under the corresponding fault type; for a transmission line without a reclosing device installed, r is 1.
5. The comprehensive assessment method for natural disaster flashover risk of power transmission line according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step of evaluating the flashover risk level of the power transmission line according to the load loss determined in the step S3 in the step S4 is as follows:
the ratio L of the load loss L of the power transmission line after the natural disaster fault to the power load of the power gridtotalAs flashover risk value P, there are
The method for determining the flashover risk grade according to the flashover risk value comprises the following steps: when P is 0, the risk level is zero, and the risk degree is zero risk; when P is more than 0 and less than or equal to 5 percent, the risk grade is I grade, and the risk degree is smaller risk; when P is less than or equal to 5% and less than or equal to 10%, the risk grade is II grade, and the risk degree is general risk; when P is less than or equal to 20% and is 10%, the risk level is level III, and the risk degree is a larger risk; when P is more than 20%, the risk grade is grade IV, and the risk degree is a great risk.
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| CN109116195B (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2020-08-14 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司大理局 | Method and device for calculating 50% flashover voltage of hot-line work combination gap of power transmission line |
| CN110189011B (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2021-06-01 | 国电南瑞科技股份有限公司 | Fault assessment method and system for intensive power transmission channel under natural disaster |
| CN110189012B (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2021-07-13 | 国电南瑞科技股份有限公司 | Dense power transmission channel automatic identification method and system adaptive to natural disaster type |
| CN111738617B (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2023-12-26 | 广东电网有限责任公司广州供电局 | Transformer substation risk assessment method and early warning system in heavy rainfall weather |
| CN112257028B (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2022-11-29 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Windage yaw flashover fault probability calculation method and device of power transmission line |
| CN113343399B (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2022-05-17 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Method for calculating gap between ground wire and ground wire |
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| CN102854415A (en) * | 2012-08-06 | 2013-01-02 | 广东电网公司东莞供电局 | Method for assessing lightning flashover risks of regional power grid lines |
| CN105785243A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2016-07-20 | 国家电网公司 | Evaluation method for insulator icing flashover risk of ultrahigh voltage alternating-current transmission line |
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| CN102854415A (en) * | 2012-08-06 | 2013-01-02 | 广东电网公司东莞供电局 | Method for assessing lightning flashover risks of regional power grid lines |
| CN105785243A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2016-07-20 | 国家电网公司 | Evaluation method for insulator icing flashover risk of ultrahigh voltage alternating-current transmission line |
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